Health Science University

About: Health Science University is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 9559 authors who have published 8727 publications receiving 200292 citations.

Stillbirth in diabetic pregnancies

Abstract: Pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality. Stillbirth accounts for the majority of cases with perinatal death. Intrauterine growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, foetal hypoxia and congenital malformations may be contributing factors, but more than 50% of stillbirths are unexplained. Majority of stillbirths are characterised by suboptimal glycaemic control during pregnancy. Foetal hypoxia and cardiac dysfunction secondary to poor glycaemic control are probably the most important pathogenic factors in stillbirths among pregnant diabetic women. There is thus a need for new strategies for improving glycaemic control to near-normal levels throughout pregnancy and for preventing and treating hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Antenatal surveillance tests including ultrasound examinations of the foetal growth rate, kick counting and non-stress testing of foetal cardiac function are widely used. However, future research should establish better antenatal surveillance tests to identify the infants susceptible to stillbirth before it happens.

What are the most effective interventions to improve physical performance in pre-frail and frail adults? A systematic review of randomised control trials

Abstract: With life expectancy continuing to rise in the United Kingdom there is an increasing public health focus on the maintenance of physical independence among all older adults. Identifying interventions that improve physical outcomes in pre-frail and frail older adults is imperative. A systematic review of the literature 2000 to 2017 following PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42016045325). Ten RCT trials fulfilled selection criteria and quality appraisal. The study quality was moderate to good. Interventions included physical activity; nutrition, physical activity combined with nutrition. Interventions that incorporated one or more physical activity components significantly improved physical outcomes in pre-frail and/or frail older adults. Physical activity interventions are key to maintaining independence in pre-frail and frail older adults. A lack of consensus regarding the definition of frailty, and an absence of core measures to assess this means any attempt to create an optimal intervention will be impeded. This absence may ultimately impact on the ability of older and frail adults to live well and for longer in the community.

Activation of nuclear factor kappa b in crohn's disease

Abstract: Objectives and Design: The location and degree of activation of nuclear factor kappa (NFκB), a primary transcription factor that plays a regulating role in immune and inflammatory responses, was determined in Crohn's disease using full thickness specimens of bowel collected at surgery.¶Materials and Methods: Resected specimens of inflamed and non-inflamed bowel were collected from thirteen patients with Crohn's disease and non-inflamed bowel from eleven control subjects. Prepared frozen sections were immunostained using a monoclonal antibody to the activated form of the p65 subunit of NFκB and the number of positive staining cells counted using a Lennox graticule.¶Results: The number of cells positive for activated NFκB was significantly increased (p = 0.001) in all layers of inflamed Crohn's disease bowel, compared to non-inflamed bowel from controls. There was also a significant increase (p = 0.009) in the number of positive cells, when compared to non-inflamed bowel from control subjects, in the submucosa of non-inflamed areas of Crohn's disease bowel. Cells positive for activated NFκB were provisionally identified by morphological criteria as mostly macrophages with some lymphocytes. There was no activation in endothelia.¶Conclusion: NFκB is activated within large mononuclear cells in all layers of inflamed areas of the bowel in Crohn's disease and may represent key events in the inflammatory process. Increased activation in the submucosa of non-inflamed Crohn's disease bowel provides further evidence of early immunological activation in macroscopically and microscopically uninvolved areas and an underlying abnormal immune system in Crohn's disease.

Characteristics and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among three ethnic groups in Canada

Abstract: To compare the characteristics and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Native Indians, Inuit, and non-Aboriginal Canadians. The study was based on four cross-sectional studies conducted in the late 1980s and early 1990s involving three ethnic groups living in contiguous regions in central Canada: Oji-Cree Indians from several reserves in northern Ontario and Manitoba, Inuit from the Keewatin region of the Northwest Territories, and non-Aboriginal Canadians (predominantly of European heritage) in the province of Manitoba. The MetS was identified among adult subjects according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) definition. Prevalence rates were standardized to the 1991 Canadian national population. The age-standardized prevalence of the MetS varied by ethnic group, ranging from as high as 45% among Native Indian women to as low as 8% among Inuit men. Compared with Canadians of European origin, Indians had a worse metabolic profile, while Inuit had a better metabolic profile except for a high rate of abdominal obesity. The NCEP criteria in identifying individuals with the MetS were compared to those of the World Health Organization (WHO) in a subset of subjects with the requisite laboratory data. There was moderate agreement between the NCEP and WHO definitions, with a kappa value of 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.56–0.70). The results indicate that the MetS is prevalent in diverse ethnic groups in Canada but varies in the pattern of phenotypic expression. Given the diverse nature of these populations, careful consideration should be given to developing culturally appropriate community-based prevention strategies aimed at reducing the frequency of this syndrome.

The everyday life of the young child shortly after receiving a cancer diagnosis, from both children's and parent's perspectives.

Abstract: Background: Providing qualified, evidence-based healthcare to children requires increased knowledge of how cancer affects the young child's life. There is a dearth of research focusing on the young ...