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Showing papers by "Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 published in 2020"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of legacy sediments, introduced in the early 2010s, is increasingly common to refer to sediment produced in watersheds within a limited period by anthropogenic disturbances as mentioned in this paper.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No major differences were found about the health policies and the National Health Plans related to stroke in France and Brazil, however, the data directly linked to the period of hospitalization differed substantially between countries.
Abstract: Objective To identify the commonalities and discrepancies between national health policies to combat stroke in France and Brazil. Justification Both healthcare systems were structured as universal access and comprehensive care attention, hierarchized by the level of care, politically and administratively decentralized. France is an industrialized, high-income country, with health care involving copayment and reimbursement of expenses, and spontaneous demand for services. Brazil is a member of the BRICs, of upper middle income with totally free health care, with an active search for hypertension and diabetes in the general population. Methods Data regarding policies, risk factors, and health indicators about stroke care, from 2010 to 2017, were obtained from both countries (publicly accessible information or on request) from the respective Ministries of Health or international agencies. Results About acute stroke hospitalizations, on average, Brazil has 0.75 per 1000 annual population hospitalizations versus 1.54 per 1000 in France. Brazil has 0.21 per 1000 population deaths per year versus 0.40 per 1000 in France. The in-hospital mortality rate in Brazil has 139 per 1000 hospitalized people versus 263 in France. The average length of stay of acute hospitalizations was 7.6 days in Brazil versus 12.6 in France. The prevalence of strokes by age group shows from 0 to 39 years old (this rate is stable); 40-59 years (it is increasing in both countries); and 60-79 and 80+ years (this rate has been increasing in France and decreasing in Brazil). Conclusion No major differences were found about the health policies and the National Health Plans related to stroke. However, the data directly linked to the period of hospitalization differed substantially between countries. Subsequent studies can be implemented to identify the explanatory factors, notably among the risk factors and actions in primary care, and the moments after hospital care, such as secondary prevention and palliative care.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
31 Dec 2020-Erdkunde
TL;DR: In this article, the RUSLE model is applied to assess erosion susceptibility through time in a Burgundy vineyard (Mercurey) at a catchment scale (15 km²).
Abstract: Erosion susceptibility in vineyards is approximately one order of magnitude above the reference level calculated for all agricultural activities, and preventing soil erosion is thus one of the most important environmental issues in vineyards. Spatially explicit models are necessary to address the coevolution of erosion susceptibility and anthropogenic practices because of the heterogeneous spatial patterns of erosion within vineyards. In this paper, we apply the RUSLE model to assess erosion susceptibility through time in a Burgundy vineyard (Mercurey) at a catchment scale (15 km²). The model is first calibrated with data acquired in 2015-2018. Second, erosion susceptibility during former stages (1953 and 1984) is compared to current reference frame. Such theoretical comparison considers that both C (land cover) and LS (Length-Slope) factors evolved through time. We hypothesize that such factors reveal both the land use evolution (especially agricultural land uses) and the development of a soil erosion management strategy based on the collection of sediments using roads, hedges and ditches. The current reference frame of erosion susceptibility calculated at catchment scale is about 9,152 t.yr-1. In the early 1980s a peak in erosion susceptibility is concomitant with vineyard expansion during the second half of the 20th century. Erosion susceptibility in vine parcels in 1984 is estimated to be 32% higher than current period. In the mid-20th century the spatial patterns of agricultural land use (patchwork of grasslands and vines, vines on moderately-rugged hillslopes) led to moderate rates of erosion susceptibility. At this stage, past level of erosion susceptibility is estimated to be 40% lower than current reference frame.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This research showed fear as a prominent emotion experienced and several solutions were proposed to help mitigate this fear to keep it from becoming a destructive force in the healthcare provider—patient relationship.
Abstract: Ensuring patient participation in healthcare decision making remains a difficult task. Factors such as a lack of time in the consultation, medical objectivation, or the difficulties of translating individual patient experience into the treatment plan have been shown to limit patient contributions. Little research attention has focused however on how emotions experienced by both the patient and the healthcare provider may affect the ability of the patient to participate. In this research, patient's and healthcare provider's emotions were identified and analysed. The research method showed fear as a prominent emotion experienced. This included patient's fears both inside and outside the consultation, as well as the healthcare provider's fears in their professional practice. Using Martha Nussbaum's cognitive-evaluative theory of emotions as an additional means of analysis, the research looked at what this emotion could show about the importance of the object of this fear to the person's eudaimonia (flourishing). At the end of the article, several solutions were proposed to help mitigate this fear to keep it from becoming a destructive force in the healthcare provider-patient relationship.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, a cadre d'analyse global and systemique is developed to assist petites and moyennes entreprises in optimising le choix de leur mode d'entree dans les marches etrangers.
Abstract: Nombreuses sont les recherches developpees en sciences de gestion pour permettre aux grandes entreprises d’apprehender le risque a l’international et d’identifier le mode d’entree le plus approprie pour penetrer un marche etranger. En revanche a ce jour, il n’existe pas de cadre theorique ni de methodologie adaptee aux petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) pour le faire. Or, pour les PME, la bonne connaissance des risques a l’international et le choix du mode d’entree sont particulierement importants, car une erreur de decision peut remettre en cause la perennite de l’entreprise. Ainsi, dans le prolongement des recherches sur le choix du mode d’entree dependant du degre d’engagement souhaite et de controle voulu par la PME, nous integrerons le risque percu par le dirigeant. L’objectif de cet article est de developper un cadre d’analyse global et systemique qui permettrait d’aider les PME et de les conseiller pour optimiser le choix de leur mode d’entree dans les marches etrangers.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
30 Nov 2020-eLife
TL;DR: It is concluded that even low doses of natural bedrock radioactivity influence the mutation rate possibly through the accumulation of oxidative damage, in particular in the mitochondrial genome.
Abstract: All organisms on Earth are exposed to low doses of natural radioactivity but some habitats are more radioactive than others. Yet, documenting the influence of natural radioactivity on the evolution of biodiversity is challenging. Here, we addressed whether organisms living in naturally more radioactive habitats accumulate more mutations across generations using 14 species of waterlice living in subterranean habitats with contrasted levels of radioactivity. We found that the mitochondrial and nuclear mutation rates across a waterlouse species' genome increased on average by 60% and 30%, respectively, when radioactivity increased by a factor of three. We also found a positive correlation between the level of radioactivity and the probability of G to T (and complementary C to A) mutations, a hallmark of oxidative stress. We conclude that even low doses of natural bedrock radioactivity influence the mutation rate possibly through the accumulation of oxidative damage, in particular in the mitochondrial genome.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic literature review of institutional duality (ID) incidence subsidiaries confront are converted to opportunities, by conceptualizing how subsidiaries attain operational legitimacy at both their headquarters (HQs) and host countries.
Abstract: To illustrate how threats of institutional duality (ID) incidence subsidiaries confront are converted to opportunities, by conceptualizing how subsidiaries attain operational legitimacy at both their headquarters (HQs) and host countries.,Using a systematic literature review, the authors build on institutional theories by analyzing the ID literature along its structure, main processes and outcomes. The authors configure frameworks of both HQ control systems and host countries' institutional threats, showing how subsidiaries contingently navigate across them using configuration, differentiation and avoidance strategies.,The authors’ findings show that “foresighted” subsidiaries attain operational legitimacy through configuration, differentiation and avoidance of threats incidental to ID, by strategizing along certain formal and informal institutional variables including legal, sociocultural and technical factors.,The authors propose “structural configuration of ID incidence” and “subsidiary path to legitimacy” frameworks. The former configures how the interaction between HQ and host countries' variables constitute ID incidence threats. The latter highlights how “foresighted” subsidiaries use configuration, differentiation and avoidance strategies to attain operational legitimacy.

3 citations


19 Jun 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the exploration of the Algerian inventive environment based on the published information expressed through patents, which are a large source of free technical skills They describe detail and reveal the technologies used and provide solutions to the raised issues.
Abstract: L’intelligence economique en Algerie : analyse des brevets comme indicateurs de la puissance innovatrice Nous ambitionnons, dans ce travail, d’explorer l’environnement inventif algerien a partir de la prise en compte de la production informationnelle qui s’exprime a travers les brevets Ce travail a pour objectif d’evaluer la capacite d’innovation de l’Algerie par le biais d’un ensemble d’indicateurs representatifs base sur les informations contenues dans les brevets d’invention deposes sur le territoire de ce pays L’etude menee montre un faible taux de depot des brevets caracterise par une production mediocre des deposants algeriens Elle releve aussi une forme de dependance strategique qui s’illustre particulierement dans l’industrie pharmaceutique et l’industrie de l’energie L’examen des brevets indique egalement que la majorite des inventeurs algeriens activent dans des pays etrangers, ce qui suppose que le pays n’arrive pas a reunir les conditions favorables a la pratique de l’innovation Mots-cles : Analyse des brevets, intelligence economique, information brevet, Algerie Classification JEL : O32, O38, O55 Abstract Business Intelligence in Algeria: patent analysis as indicators of innovative power This research focuses on the exploration of the Algerian inventive environment based on the published information expressed through patents They are a large source of free technical skills They describe detail and reveal the technologies used and provide solutions to the raised issues The access to technological information kind of patent had developed in the past few years thanks to the progressive development of information and communication technologies and electronic means of distribution and recovery data As it appears through patents, there are more indicators of weakness than indicators of strength The evolution of deposits is irregular and the access to the information relating to them is very difficult Priority patents (Algerian applicants) are not important The study notes a form of strategic dependency on technologies held by foreign patents, mainly in the pharmaceutical and energy industries Patent’s examination also indicates that the majority of Algerian inventors perform in foreign countries, which means that the country couldn’t unify the right conditions to the innovative practice Keywords: Patent analysis, business intelligence, patent information, Algeria JEL classification: O32, O38, O55 الملخص الذكاء الاقتصادي في الجزائر: إستغلال و تحليل براءات الاختراع كمؤشرات للقوة الابتكارية نهدف من خلال هذا العمل إلى اكتشاف قوة الجزائر على الإختراع من خلال إستغلال المعلومات والبيانات المجودة في براءات الاختراع المسجلة داخل هذا البلد الغرض هو تقييم قدرة الابتكار الجزائرية من خلال مجموعة من المؤشرات المبنية على النشاط الاختراعي أظهرت الدراسة التي أجريت ان هناك نسبة جد ضعيفة من الاختراعات المسجلة من طرف الجزائرين تبينة أيضا أن هناك إحتكار تكنولوجي إستراتيجي خارجي داخل البلاد في مجال إستخراج البترول و الغاز و في مجال الادوية كما يشير هذا البحث العلمي ان غالبية المخترعين الجزائريين ينشطون في بلدان أجنبية مما يفترض أن البلد لا ينجح في تلبية الشروط المواتية لتسهيل النشاط الاختراعي الكلمات المفتاحية إستغلال براءات الاختراع , الذكاء الاقتصادي , بيانات براءات الاختراع, الجزائر

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, análisis se desarrolla en empresas familiares industrires del sector de la moda en México, seleccionadas a través de una muestra no probabilística and bajo la metodología de caso de estudio.
Abstract: El presente documento busca alentar el interés por realizar investigación cualitativa sobre las prácticas laborales en empresas familiares desde la perspectiva de la responsabilidad social empresarial. Para ello, se ponen en perspectiva los derechos humanos laborales fundamentales y su diligencia a través de buenas prácticas laborales, así como la interrelación de estas prácticas con las acciones voluntarias de responsabilidad social empresarial. La interrelación de estos conceptos se aborda desde la perspectiva teórica del modelo bidimensional de la responsabilidad social empresarial, el cual permite discriminar las prácticas laborales en función de la visión y el costo-beneficio que representan para la empresa. El análisis se desarrolla en empresas familiares industriales del sector de la moda en México, seleccionadas a través de una muestra no probabilística y bajo la metodología de caso de estudio. La información recabada y la presentación de resultados es tratada como casos específicos e independientes entre sí. En este sentido, el trabajo que aquí se presenta es de carácter exploratorio y no concluyente; a partir de los casos estudiados se detona la necesidad de replicar este tipo de estudios en muestras amplias para enriquecer el conocimiento sobre el tema.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to model the temperature de l'air, mesuree durant 4 campagnes mobiles realisees durant les mois d'ete, entre 2016 and 2019, dans Lyon par temps clair, a l-aide de modele de regressions a partir de 33 variables explicatives issues de donnees traditionnellement utilisees, de donnes issues de la teledetection par une acquisition LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) ou satellitaire Lands
Abstract: Le changement climatique est un phenomene majeur actuel generant de multiples consequences. En milieu urbain, il exacerbe celui de l’ilot de chaleur urbain. Ces deux manifestations climatiques engendrent des consequences sur la sante des habitants et sur la sensation d’inconfort thermique ressenti en milieu urbain. Ainsi, il est necessaire d’estimer au mieux la temperature de l’air en tout point d’un territoire, notamment face a la rationalisation actuelle du reseau de stations meteorologiques fixes de Meteo France. La connaissance spatialisee de la temperature de l’air est de plus en plus demandee pour alimenter des modeles quantitatifs lies a un large eventail de domaines, tels que l’hydrologie, l’ecologie ou les etudes sur les changements climatiques. Cette etude se propose ainsi de modeliser la temperature de l’air, mesuree durant 4 campagnes mobiles realisees durant les mois d’ete, entre 2016 et 2019, dans Lyon par temps clair, a l’aide de modele de regressions a partir de 33 variables explicatives issues de donnees traditionnellement utilisees, de donnees issues de la teledetection par une acquisition LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) ou satellitaire Landsat 8. Trois types de regression statistique ont ete experimentes, la regression partial least square, la regression lineaire multiple et enfin, une methode de machine learning, la foret aleatoire de classification et de regression. Par exemple, pour la journee du 30 aout 2016, la regression lineaire multiple a explique 89% de la variance pour les journees d’etude, avec un RMSE moyen de seulement 0,23°C. Des variables comme la temperature de surface, le NDVI ou encore le MNDWI impactent fortement le modele d’estimation.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
12 May 2020
TL;DR: In this article, a leader de l'incertitude is presented as a leader of the intelligence and cognitive, who va rassurer ces acteurs economiques confronting a forte incertitude informationnelle et cognitive.
Abstract: Les periodes de crise renforcent le caractere irrationnel du comportement des acteurs economiques. Elles exacerbent leur « esprit animal ». Leurs capacites de discernement et cognitives s’estompent. Ils se mettent alors desesperement en quete de valeur refuge. Dans ce contexte, l’agent devient un « leader de l’incertitude » qui va rassurer ces acteurs economiques confrontes a une forte incertitude informationnelle et cognitive. Il va alors valoriser un capital immateriel integrant un ensemble de savoir et de savoir-faire : la « rente cognitive ». Elle apparait comme une valeur refuge originale pour des « esprits animaux » en temps de crise.

Posted ContentDOI
26 Mar 2020-bioRxiv
TL;DR: It is concluded that even low doses of natural bedrock radioactivity influence the mutation rate through the likely accumulation of oxidative damage, in particular in the mitochondrial genome.
Abstract: All organisms on Earth are exposed to low doses of natural radioactivity but some habitats are more radioactive than others. Yet, documenting the influence of natural radioactivity on the evolution of biodiversity is challenging. Here, we addressed whether organisms living in naturally more radioactive habitats accumulate more mutations across generations using 14 species of waterlice living in subterranean habitats with contrasted levels of radioactivity. We found that the mitochondrial and nuclear mutation rates across a waterlouse species’ genome increased on average by 60 and 30%, respectively, when radioactivity increased by a factor of three. We also found a positive correlation between the level of radioactivity and the probability of G to T (and complementary C to A) mutations, a hallmark of oxidative stress. We conclude that even low doses of natural bedrock radioactivity influence the mutation rate through the likely accumulation of oxidative damage, in particular in the mitochondrial genome.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical spatial analysis was performed using a French cohort (STROKE 69) to describe spatial inequalities in the occurrence of stroke in the region of the Rhone department of France.
Abstract: In France, 110,000 patients are admitted to hospital per year for stroke Even though the relationship between stroke and risk factors such as low socio-economic status is well known, research in the spatial distribution (SD) of stroke as a contributing risk factor is less documented Understanding the geographic differences of the disease may improve stroke prevention In this study, a statistical spatial analysis was performed using a French cohort (STROKE 69) to describe spatial inequalities in the occurrence of stroke STROKE 69 was a cohort study of 3,442 patients, conducted in the Rhone department of France, from November 2015 to December 2016 The cohort included all consecutive patients aged 18 years or older, with a likelihood of acute stroke within 24 hours of symptoms onset Patients were geolocated, and incidence standardized rates ratio were estimated SD models were identified using global spatial autocorrelation analysis and cluster detection methods 2,179 patients were selected for analysis with spatial autocorrelation methods, including 1,467 patients with stroke, and 712 with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) Within both cluster detection methods, spatial inequalities were clearly visible, particularly in the northern region of the department and western part of the metropolitan area where rates were higher Geographic methods for SD analysis were suitable tools to explain the spatial occurrence of stroke and identified potential spatial inequalities This study was a first step towards understanding SD of stroke Further research to explain SD using socio-economic data, care provision, risk factors and climate data is needed in the future

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors determine whether euphemistic dysphemisms can convey irony and banter, two concepts defined by Allan and Burridge (1991) and defined by this article.
Abstract: This article aims to determine whether euphemistic dysphemisms and dysphemistic euphemisms, two concepts defined by Allan and Burridge (1991, 2006), can convey irony and banter, which are defined, ...

Journal Article
TL;DR: HAL as mentioned in this paper is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, which may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. LudiMoodle: Adaptive Gamification to Improve Learner Motivation Elise Lavoué


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the influence of a gouvernance cooperative on an employeur's attractivite RH selon les aires culturelles, i.e., the perception of the finalite and des principes cooperatifs.
Abstract: Cet article compare l’influence de la gouvernance cooperative d’un employeur sur son attractivite RH selon les aires culturelles. Notre recherche menee aupres de 1014 individus sur quatre continents montre que si la perception de la finalite et des principes cooperatifs – definis par l’Alliance Cooperative Internationale – influence positivement l’attractivite des cooperatives en tant qu’employeurs, le poids de chacune de ces facettes depend du contexte soulignant l’absence d’universalisme. Dans les regions developpees, la valorisation des employeurs cooperatifs se fait selon une logique de redistribution de la richesse creee. Dans les economies emergentes, cette valorisation suit une logique d’acces a la democratie et, en particulier, d’acces aux marches sur le continent africain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a travail se propose, a partir d'une grille de lecture de l’action collective, d’en decrypter les processus et d'en analyser les ressorts et les resultats potentiels en termes de ce que nous nommons durabilite territoriale.

15 May 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors pose a set of nombreuses questions: quels sont les liens of cette crise sanitaire avec la faune sauvage, how sont ses liens avec l'erosion de la biodiversite que le dernier rapport de l’Ipbes a souligne.
Abstract: L’epidemie COVID-19 pose de nombreuses questions. Quels sont les liens de cette crise sanitaire avec la faune sauvage, quels sont ses liens avec l’erosion de la biodiversite que le dernier rapport de l’Ipbes a souligne, quels sont ses liens avec certains systemes de production alimentaire et plus generalement avec l’anthropisation de la planete ? Pour les eclairer sur ces sujets, les pouvoirs publics se sont tournes vers la recherche.


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, a decoupage thermo-morphologique is proposed to evaluate the use of zones climatiques locales (ZCLs) in a single channel algorithm.
Abstract: Les zones climatiques locales (ZCL) sont de plus en plus utilisees dans toutes les problematiques liees au changement climatique en milieu urbain, notamment pour les operations d’amenagement ou de requalification portant sur l’ilot de chaleur, les microclimats et le confort thermique. Fondees sur des criteres a priori , ces dernieres necessitent d’etre confrontees a la realite du terrain afin de s’assurer de leur validite avant toute utilisation. C’est l’objet de cette etude portant sur les agglomerations temoins de Lyon et de Tokyo, ou ces zones climatiques n’ont pour le moment pas ete reellement utilisees. L’analyse proposee confronte ce decoupage thermo-morphologique aux temperatures de surface provenant des mesures de Landsat de 2000 a 2019 (single channel algorithm ) et de mesures mobiles de la temperature de l’air, effectuees au sein des agglomerations en ete. Les ZCL sont extraites par photo-interpretation pour Lyon et par classification supervisee pour Tokyo. Les temperatures sont etudiees en fonction des ZCL a l’aide du test statistique de Kruskal-Wallis suivi de la procedure de comparaison multiple par paires Steel-Dwass-Critchlow-Fligner. Les resultats indiquent des differences significatives entre les ZCL pour les temperatures de l’air et de surface et confirment ainsi l’interet de leur utilisation. Les ZCL les plus fraiches sont celles qui presentent une couverture vegetalisee. Plus precisement, on remarque un gradient thermique decroissant avec la quantite de biomasse disponible au sein des ZCL mais egalement avec la hauteur des bâtiments en raison de l’effet d’ombrage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Garcés-Ayerbe et al. as discussed by the authors consider a modèle productiviste, i.e., one where biens sont fabriqués, consommés, and ensuite jetés, in order to convert naturelles en déchets via the production.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to solve the problem of the problem: the one-dimensional graph. .>

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, auteurs etudient comment les dirigeants de PME collectent and partagent des informations dans le cadre de leur demarche d'internationalisation.
Abstract: L’acces aux informations conditionne la reussite des PME sur les marches internationaux. Cet article porte sur le partage d’informations dans les reseaux interorganisationnels. Les auteurs etudient comment les dirigeants de PME collectent et partagent des informations dans le cadre de leur demarche d’internationalisation. L’etude empirique est fondee sur dix-sept entretiens menes aupres de dirigeants de PME et de specialistes de l’accompagnement a l’exportation. Les resultats montrent que le type, les sources et les modalites de partage des informations varient selon l’experience des dirigeants et l’expansion de l’entreprise sur les marches internationaux.


Journal ArticleDOI
18 Dec 2020
TL;DR: In this article, Gormley utilise son corps not pas pour se representer mais pour dresser un autoportrait generique qui pourrait etre celui de n-importe qui.
Abstract: Cet article s’interesse aux œuvres d’Antony Gormley et a la place qu’occupe la figure de l’artiste au sein de son travail. Bien que la plupart soient realisees a partir de son propre corps, ses statues ne comportent pourtant pas de traits singuliers pouvant l’identifier. Son corps lui sert en effet d’instrument pour depeindre un corps a la forme et aux qualites universelles. Gormley utilise son corps non pas pour se representer mais pour dresser un autoportrait generique qui pourrait etre celui de n’importe qui. L’exception pour Gormley revet un caractere universel qui peut etre attribue a tout etre humain et a toute œuvre.


DOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of the acteurs in the relation between the terrain, the methode, the exigences relatives a la methode and the contours de the co-construction.
Abstract: Cette contribution s’appuie sur nos experiences de chercheuses en philosophie pratique de terrain, dans lesquelles nous essayons de mieux comprendre quelles representations, et quelles normes mobilisent les acteurs du domaine de la sante dans leurs pratiques et/ou leurs questionnements. Dans ce contexte, nous utilisons des outils de recueil de donnees empiriques, ce qui nous amene a poser la question de notre posture specifique de chercheur en philosophie. Cette contribution decline les questions posees par cette posture selon trois prismes : la familiarisation avec le terrain, les exigences relatives a la methode et les contours de la co-construction avec les acteurs. Qu’est-ce qu’engage « aller sur le terrain » pour un philosophe et quelles modalites de rencontre avec le terrain mettre en œuvre ? Comment inventer une methode adaptee aux particularites du contexte et qui fasse emerger une reflexivite philosophique depuis le terrain ? Et comment faire reconnaitre cette methode aupres des autres chercheurs en philosophie et en sciences humaines et sociales ? Enfin, quelles appropriations chercheurs et acteurs peuvent-il faire de la reflexivite qui emerge de leur rencontre ? Comment penser leurs roles respectifs dans la recherche ?

Journal ArticleDOI
30 Dec 2020
TL;DR: The authors analyzed 14 German print adverts with a focus on the role of the material image, and analyzed the interpretability of the relation between idiomatic and material image by native speakers and foreign language learners.
Abstract: Print advertising very frequently refers to idioms containing verbal expressions of images conveying a figurative meaning. “Material” idiom's (photos, drawings, cartoons, etc.) in print adverts, in one way or another, depict the idioms’ literal meaning. Advertising plays on numerous forms of interaction between the idiomatic and material image (representation of literal meaning, implicit relation between visual element and verbal idiom, etc.). Following preliminary considerations on figurativeness and metaphoricity, 14 German print adverts are analysed with a focus on the role of the material image. Based on these analyses, reflections on the interpretability of the relation between idiomatic and material image by native speakers and foreign language learners are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Jul 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the rente cognitive as capital immateriel constitue grâce a l'accumulation, la transformation and the creation of connaissances implicites and explicites donnant un avantage concurrentiel sur un marche donne and/ou a position favorable dans une relation avec un interlocuteur.
Abstract: La rente cognitive est un « capital immateriel constitue grâce a l’accumulation, la transformation et la creation de connaissances implicites et explicites donnant un avantage concurrentiel sur un marche donne et/ou une position favorable dans une relation avec un interlocuteur » (Bourbon, & Denis, 2020). En temps « normal », la constitution et la gestion de la rente cognitive aident un agent, un manager a maintenir un avantage concurrentiel. En situation de crise aigue, la rente cognitive devient une valeur refuge pour decider en connaissance de cause dans une periode tourmentee (Bourbon, 2020). Au-dela de la necessite pour un manager d’utiliser la rente cognitive autrement en temps de crise, il faut s’interroger sur la methode : Comment le manager peut-il s’appuyer sur la rente cognitive pour affronter une situation de crise ? En effet, un contexte de crise va accroitre le risque d’une mauvaise utilisation de la rente cognitive. L’observance de certains principes peut le reduire, a condition de mobiliser certains leviers manageriaux.