Showing papers by "Kun Shan University published in 2002"
TL;DR: The removal of HA is not caused by adsorbing onto the iron hydroxide resulted from PFS hydrolysis, but through the complex-formation between the PFS and the HA, demonstrating that the coagulation of HA by PFS at low pH is mainly due to charge-neutralization.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of process parameters including RF power, O2/Ar ratio, and substrate temperature on the film properties such as O/Ni atomic ratio, crystallographic structure, preferred orientation, transmittance and resistivity were investigated.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between substrate temperature and resistivity and the microstructural defects of the NiO films was investigated, and a resistivity of 0.22 Ω cm and a hole concentration of 4.4×10 19 cm −3 were obtained for non-doped NiO film with (111) orientation on Corning 7059 glass substrates.
Abstract: Thin films of nickel oxide (NiO) were deposited on Corning 7059 glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The relationship between substrate temperature and resistivity and the microstructural defects of the NiO films were investigated. Crystalline NiO film with (111) orientation was obtained in this study. A resistivity of 0.22 Ω cm and a hole concentration of 4.4×10 19 cm −3 were obtained for non-doped NiO films prepared at a substrate temperature of 300 °C in pure oxygen sputtering gas. As the substrate temperature was increased from 300 to 400 °C, the resistivity changed from 0.22 to 0.70 Ω cm. The mechanism of electrical conductivity for the NiO films is discussed from the viewpoint of defect chemistry and was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data.
97 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamic pattern formation and beam-steering characteristics of cholesteric gratings were studied, and diffraction measurements showed that diffracted beams could be steered either electrically or optically only for the latter type of film.
Abstract: The dynamic pattern formation and the beam-steering characteristics of cholesteric gratings were studied. Films with a planar cholesteric texture and various thickness to pitch length ratios (d/p) were fabricated. An optical microscope was used to observe the stripe patterns of the cholesteric gratings formed by applying a voltage to the planar films. The micrographs showed that the cholesteric gratings were formed in two different ways, depending on the sample's d/p ratio. For samples with 1/2≤d/p≤1.0, the grating stripes simultaneously appeared across the whole sample, and the contrast of the stripes increased with time during formation. For films with d/p≥1.5, the stripes were initiated near the edges, and near the defects on the substrates, and then slowly extended to the whole sample along the rubbing direction. The diffraction measurements showed that the diffracted beams could be steered either electrically or optically only for the latter type of film. These results can be well explained theoretically.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two tetramethyl stilbene-based epoxy resins (II and IV) were synthesized from 2,6-dimethyl phenol and chloroacetaldehyde dimethylacetal or chloroxide, and then the resulted novolacs were epoxidized to tetramerile stilbenes based resins.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two kinds of adaptive control schemes are developed: one requires the measurements of link position, link velocity and armature current for feedback and the other requires only the measured link position and armatures current.
Abstract: This paper addresses the motion tracking control of robot systems actuated by brushed direct current motors in the presence of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. By using the integrator backstepping technique, two kinds of adaptive control schemes are developed: one requires the measurements of link position, link velocity and armature current for feedback and the other requires only the measurements of link position and armature current for feedback. The developed adaptive controllers guarantee that the resulting closed-loop system is locally stable, all the states and signals are bounded, and the tracking error can be made as small as possible. The attraction region can be not only arbitrarily preassigned but also explicitly constructed. The main novelty of the developed adaptive control laws is that the number of parameter estimates is exactly equal to the number of unknown parameters throughout the entire electromechanical system. Consequently, the phenomenon of overparametrization, a significant drawback of employing the integrator backstepping technique to treat the control of electrically driven robots in the previous literature, is eliminated in this study. Finally, simulation examples are given to illustrate the tracking performance of electrically driven robot manipulators with the developed adaptive control schemes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
26 citations
TL;DR: The proposed MNH protocol establishes multiple paths for a route discovery procedure, thus conserving network bandwidth and reducing route reconstruction times when routing paths fail, and is based on the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol.
24 citations
TL;DR: A new fuzzy Petri Net (FPN) modeling technique to achieve the on-line service-restoration plan of the distribution system and has been validated as a decision support for restoration scheduling of distribution systems.
23 citations
TL;DR: To minimize microbending loss induced simultaneously by axial strain and hydrostatic pressure in the glass fiber, the polymeric coatings should be suitably selected.
Abstract: Stresses, microbending loss, and refractive-index changes induced simultaneously by axial strain and hydrostatic pressure in double-coated optical fibers are analyzed. The lateral pressure and normal stresses in the optical fiber, primary coating, and secondary coating are derived. Also presented are the microbending loss and refractive-index changes in the glass fiber. The normal stresses are affected by axial strain, hydrostatic pressure, material properties, and thickness of the primary and secondary coatings. It is found that microbending loss decreases with increasing thickness, the Young's modulus, and the Poisson's ratio of the secondary coating but increases with the increasing Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the primary coating. Similarly, changes in refractive index in the glass fiber decrease with the increasing Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the secondary coating but increase with the increasing Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the primary coating. Therefore, to minimize microbending loss induced simultaneously by axial strain and hydrostatic pressure in the glass fiber, the polymeric coatings should be suitably selected. An optimal design procedure is also indicated.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, tie line data were correlated with the NRTL and UNIQUAC models and the calculated values based on the nRTL model were found to be better than those based on UNIQAC model; the average root-mean-square deviation between the phase composition obtained from experiment and that from calculation was 0.49 compared to 0.53 for UNIQAC.
Abstract: Equilibrium tie line data have been determined at 323.15 K, 348.15 K, and 373.15 K for the ternary liquid−liquid equilibria (LLE) of octane + (benzene or toluene or m-xylene) + sulfolane systems. The relative mutual solubility of benzene is higher than that of toluene or m-xylene in octane + sulfolane mixtures. The tie line data were correlated with the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. The calculated values based on the NRTL model were found to be better than those based on the UNIQUAC model; the average root-mean-square deviation between the phase composition obtained from experiment and that from calculation was 0.49 for NRTL compared to 0.53 for UNIQUAC. The values of selectivity and the distribution coefficient were derived from the equilibrium data at different temperatures.
20 citations
TL;DR: Final managerial policy can be made with respect to the identified three impact levels of nutrient loadings in the Kao-Ping River Basin, southern Taiwan, which could eventually perform as part of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study in this region.
TL;DR: This work proposes a novel approach by varying the input speed of the crank to make the ram's motion suitable for both deep-drawing and precision-cutting by using a servomotor as the power input.
Abstract: Traditionally, the input speed of a Stevenson-type press is constant. Here, we propose a novel approach by varying the input speed of the crank to make the ram's motion suitable for both deep-drawing and precision-cutting. This approach uses a servomotor as the power input. By properly designing the input speed, the output motion can pass through a desired trajectory. The input motion characteristics are planned with Bezier curves. Optimization is used to improve the output characteristics. Guidelines for defining the optimization problems are discussed. Additional dimensional synthesis is also suggested for reducing the input speed variation. Design examples are given for illustration.
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical contact resistance (ECR) between the rubbing surfaces of a steel tube and a roller was measured to identify the existence of a surface absorption layer between the contact surfaces and thus to realize the tribological effects.
TL;DR: In this article, the alignment characteristics of the homogeneous liquid-crystal (LC) cell rubbed multidirectionally were examined and a model that assumes substrate with various groove densities along various rubbing directions was presented.
Abstract: The alignment characteristics of the homogeneous liquid-crystal (LC) cell rubbed multidirectionally were examined. LC molecules align along an axis between two different rubbing directions. The rubbing strength, cell thickness, and ambient temperature markedly influence the final orientation of the LC molecules. The orientation of the LC molecules and the transmission of a multidirectionally rubbed cell can be controlled according to the ambient temperature. A model that assumes substrate with various groove densities along various rubbing directions is presented. The elastic constant and the viscosity of the LC molecules are found to be the key factors that influence the orientation of the LC molecules.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the porous medium concept to describe the heat transfer in the living tissue with the directional effect of blood flow, and the polynomial expression of thermal dose in terms of the curve fitting of the experimental isosurvival curve data by Dewey et al.
Abstract: This review focuses both on the basic formulations of bioheat equation in the living tissue and on the determination of thermal dose during thermal therapy. The temperature distributions inside the heated tissues, generally controlled by heating modalities, are obtained by solving the bioheat transfer equation. However, the major criticism for the Pennes' model focused on the assumption that the heat transfer by blood flow occurs in a non-directional, heat sink- or source-like term. Several bioheat transfer models have been introduced to compare their convective and perfusive effects in vascular tissues. The present review also elucidates thermal dose equivalence that represents the extent of thermal damage or destruction of tissue in the clinical treatment of tumor with local hyperthermia. In addition, this study uses the porous medium concept to describe the heat transfer in the living tissue with the directional effect of blood flow, and the polynomial expression of thermal dose in terms of the curve fitting of the experimental isosurvival curve data by Dewey et al. Results show that the values of factor R is a function of the heating temperature instead of the two different constants suggested by Sapareto and Dewey.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived the governing differential equations and the general time-dependent elastic boundary conditions for the coupled bending and forced vibration of a pretwisted non-uniform Timoshenko beam.
TL;DR: In this article, a closed-form solution of the microbending loss and refractive index changes obtained by using the Laplace transformation method is presented, and the compatibility conditions of displacement at interfaces and Lame's formula for the stress components are used.
Abstract: A viscoelastic theory is adopted to analyze the optical effects in double-coated polymeric optical fibers subjected to thermal loadings. A closed-form solution of the microbending loss and refractive index changes obtained by using the Laplace transformation method is presented. To obtain the solution, the compatibility conditions of displacement at interfaces and Lame's formula for the stress components are used. The results are initially identical to those obtained by the elastic analysis, and then decrease gradually as time progresses. To minimize the microbending loss, the polymeric coatings were suitably selected, so that the Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios, and viscosities of the primary and secondary coatings would decrease. Furthermore, selecting suitable primary and secondary coatings with lower Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios, and viscosities reduce the changes of refractive index in the glass fiber.
TL;DR: Both dynamic state (position and velocity) feedback as well as output (position) feedback tracking control laws are constructed to assure the tracking of the generalized coordinates.
Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of designing adaptive tracking controls for nonholonomic Caplygin systems involving plant uncertainties and external disturbances. Both dynamic state (position and velocity) feedback as well as output (position) feedback tracking control laws are constructed to assure the tracking of the generalized coordinates. It is shown that the generalized coordinates asymptotically converge to a desired manifold in terms of L/sub /spl infin// bound and H/sup /spl infin// performance. Finally, simulation examples are presented to illustrate the tracking performance of the developed adaptive control algorithms.
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid numerical technique is used to investigate a two-dimensional cylindrical pin fin with arbitrary variable Biot numbers on the pin fin lateral and tip surfaces.
TL;DR: In this article, the transient response of a 2D pin fin with a time and space-variation base temperature was analyzed using the Laplace transformation method and the Duhamel's method.
Abstract: The transient response of a 2D pin fin with a time- and space-variation base temperature, is analyzed using the Laplace transformation method and the Duhamel's method. The temperature distributions of the pin fin are identical with published analytical solution for the case using the method of separation of variables, while the latter method can not treat 2D problem presented in this paper. The heat flux at fin base and the actual heat flux transferred from the lateral surface and the tip surface of the pin fin to the surroundings are also obtained. For all cases analyzed in this paper, the temperature distributions and the heat flux of the fin reach a steady periodic response after t=2 of dimensionless time
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the dynamic response of a spring-type operating mechanism of a SF 6 gas insulated circuit breaker in open operation and found that the breaking time of the circuit breaker was 0.078 s, a mere 5% difference from the experimental result.
TL;DR: In this paper, a reflective grating was fabricated using a simple process consisting of thermal annealing followed by UV irradiation through a grating photomask, which was made from a mixture of cholesteric liquid crystal and prepolymer materials.
Abstract: This study describes a reflective grating. It is fabricated using a simple process consisting of thermal annealing followed by UV irradiation through a grating photomask. The sample is made from a mixture of cholesteric liquid crystal and prepolymer materials. A cholesteric liquid crystal has a planar texture, which changes under an applied external field, thus forming the electrically switchable reflective grating. The multistability of the grating can be achieved by applying various voltage pulses; the memory effect of the grating's gray-scale persists for two months. The high switching contrast ratio and fast response of the grating are also discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of enhancing boiling heat transfer in cylindrical container was studied experimentally, where the effects of the heat load, the grain size of the steel and plastic balls added in the container, the vibration frequency of the disk, and the reciprocation frequency was investigated in detail for water as working fluid.
TL;DR: A novel approach combining wavelet-based networks and the game-theoretical decision approach to reach the terms of real-time power dispatch and the best compromise solution and it is demonstrated by the IEEE 30-bus six-generator test system.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel approach combining wavelet-based networks and game-theoretical decision approach to reach the terms real-time power dispatch and the best compromise solution. The goals considered are both fuel cost and environment impact of NO/sub x/ emission. The wavelet-based networks, evolved by an evolutionary computing algorithm, are composed of 3-layer structures, which contain the wavelet, weighting, and summing nodes. The parameters of translation and dilation in the wavelet nodes and the weighting factors in the weighting nodes are tuned to make the computed outputs fit the historical data. Once the networks are trained properly, the desired outputs can be produced as soon as the inputs are given. Based on the set of noninferior solutions for a certain load level, a game-theoretical approach is relied on to provide operators the best compromise solution. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by the IEEE 30-bus 6-generator test system. Comparisons of learning performances are made to the existing artificial neural networks (ANNs) method.
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalized coupled model, containing the equations of heat and mass balance, is used to study some representative engineering problems, including both the effects of temperature and moisture and in the case of high-intensity drying, a pressure potential is added.
Abstract: In this chapter, coupled heat and moisture transfer in unsaturated porous media have been reviewed and a generalized coupled model, containing the equations of heat and mass balance, is used to study some representative engineering problems. The model includes both the effects of temperature and moisture and in the case of high-intensity drying, a pressure potential is added. Transport coefficients in the coupled system play an important role and they may be determined either by experimental measurement or through a theoretical derivation. Such determinations are currently very difficult but both are very important. Thus researchers in this field are advised to be prepared to expend considerable effort in this endeavor but it is hoped that future research will improve the speed and accuracy of the determination of the governing transport coefficients.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the physical properties of processed cotton fabrics in a rapid heat-curing crease-resistant process were examined.
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effects of the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the physical properties of processed cotton fabrics in a rapid heat-curing crease-resistant process. Our results show that this addition influences the moisture absorbency, crease resistance in both dry and wet conditions, and tensile strength preservation rate of the processed fabrics. Moreover, with such addition, the use of higher temperature in the process would enhance the moisture absorbency and dry–wet crease resistance but reduce the tensile strength preservation rate. The optimum condition for processing cotton fabric is to use PEG with a molecular weight of 1000 at a concentration of 10%, heated at 200°C for 30 s. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1008–1012, 2002
TL;DR: Spent low-level radioactive (LLRA) cation ion exchange resins (consisting of base copolymers of styrene and divinyl benzene and sulfonic acid) are difficult to treat effectively by conventional cem...
Abstract: Spent low-level radioactive (LLRA) cation ion exchange resins (consisting of base copolymers of styrene and divinyl benzene and sulfonic acid) are difficult to treat effectively by conventional cem...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used UNIQUAC for the multicomponent system at 348.15 K and derived the relationship between the ideal stage number and the solvent-to-feed ratio.
Abstract: For environmental protection, it is necessary to reduce the aromatic contents in hydrocarbon products. Solvent extraction of aromatics from C9+ oil (medium petroleum fraction that contains hydrocarbons with carbon number larger than nine and boils in the range of 440–540 K) was studied in the present work. In this study, n-decane, n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, n-butylbenzene, 1, 4-diisopropylbenzene, and n-octylbenzene were chosen as C9+ model compounds oil and sulfolane was used as the aromatic extractant. The binary interaction parameters of UNIQUAC for the multicomponent system at 348.15 K were obtained and applied to batch and continuous multistage extraction simulations. Furthermore the relationship between the ideal stage number and the solvent-to-feed ratio was derived. The concentration of aromatics in C9+ oil could be reduced within 2 mol% by using sulfolane as a solvent under the appropriate extraction conditions.
05 Nov 2002
TL;DR: Taking the derivative of image between-class variance with respect to gray levels develops the proposed method, and two parameters are introduced to automatically determine the number of classes for image classification.
Abstract: This paper proposed a new and fast method for bilevel as well as multi-level image thresholding. Taking the derivative of image between-class variance with respect to gray levels develops the proposed method. For bilevel thresholding, a nonlinear equation is derived to solve for an optimal threshold. For multi-level thresholding, a set of nonlinear equations is derived to solve for a set of optimal thresholds. Two parameters are introduced to automatically determine the number of classes for image classification. One parameter is designated for classifying images with obvious histogram modes. The other is more appropriate for use for images without obvious histogram modes. Computational efficiency of the proposed method and Otsu's method (1979) is discussed. Statistic analysis of performance of the proposed method versus Baysian classifier is conducted. Included are two examples to illustrate the feasibility and superiority on speed of computation of the proposed method.
TL;DR: In this article, a business model applicable to e-commerce is proposed, attempting to merchandise design-related products and services (including patent, innovative design, as well as design and marketing consulting) over the Internet.
Abstract: This study focuses on the application of design-related services in E-Commerce (EC). The authors propose a business model applicable to EC, attempting to merchandise design-related products and services (including patent, innovative design, as well as design and marketing consulting) over the Internet. The model includes front store, back office (Design Management Platform, DMP), knowledge base, and Strategic Alliances Network (SAN). It creates a new way to improve the conventional design-related services, integrate resources, and provide new business opportunities for future entrepreneurs.