Showing papers by "Loma Linda University published in 1985"
TL;DR: There is no certain magnitude of initial probing pocket depth where nonsurgical periodontal therapy is no longer effective, and no differences could be observed when comparing hand versus ultrasonic instrumentation, or when comparing the results of 2 different operators.
Abstract: Healing events after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontal pockets 4–7 mm deep were investigated. Incisors, cuspids and premolars in 15 patients were treated by plaque control and supra- and subgingival debridement using hand or ultrasonic instruments in a split mouth approach. The results were evaluated by recordings of plaque scores, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depths and probing attachment levels. All these parameters were improved during the initial 4–5 months after start of therapy. Little change occurred during the rest of the 13-month observation period. No difference of results could be observed comparing hand and ultrasonic instrumentation or comparing the results of two different operators. Initially a total of 106 sites demonstrated probing pocket depths ≥ 6 mm. At 13 months only 13 such sites were observed. The apparently successful results of conservative treatment of patients with 4–7 mm deep pockets in the present study raise the question to what extent nonsurgical therapy is feasible also in patients with severely advanced lesions.
690 citations
TL;DR: Biweekly chlorhexidine, tetracycline or saline irrigation of deep pockets did not appear to augment the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy, and improvement of the chlor hexidine and tetrACYcline irrigated sites was similar to that of the saline irrigated and non-irrigated control sites.
Abstract: 64 sites with probing pocket depth 6 mm from 11 patients were treated with plaque control instruction and one episode of root planing. Subsequently, selected sites in each patient were irrigated with either chlorhexidine, tetracycline, saline or served as non-irrigated control sites. Irrigation immediately followed instrumentation, and was repealed every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. Healing was monitored at 8, 16, and 24 weeks clinically and at 7, 15, and 23 weeks with subgingival washings for determination of % as well as total number of spirochetes.
The following changes were apparent from comparing pooled site means al 24 weeks with pre-treatment data: (1) bleeding sites decreased from 62 of 64 sites initially to 22 of 64 at 24 weeks; (2) spirochetes decreased from 34% to 2%; (3) probing pocket depths decreased from 7.6 to 4.7 mm; (4) probing attachment levels showed a gain of 1.2 mm. The improvement of the chlorhexidine and tetracycline irrigated sites was similar to that of the saltne irrigated and non-irrigated control sites.
Thus, biweekly chlorhexidine, tetracycline or saline irrigation of deep pockets did not appear to augment the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy.
147 citations
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that ethanol has direct effects on skeletal tissue in vitro, and suggest that those effects may be secondary to changes in bone cell membrane fluidity.
124 citations
TL;DR: Seven-Day Adventist vegetarians, known to have significantly lower mortality from colon cancer than the general U.S. population, had the most quiescent proliferative activity of mucosal epithelial cells.
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the chlorhexidine irrigated experimental group and the non-irrigated control group did not differ significantly in any of the studied parameters, and daily patient-administered IV irrigation of deep pockets did not augment the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Abstract: 106 sites with probing pocket depths 7 mm or greater from 14 patients were treated with plaque control instruction and I episode of root planing. Sites in each patient were either irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine or left as non-irrigated controls. Irrigation immediately followed root planing and was repeated daily, by the patient, for 24 weeks. Clinical measurements were made at 12 and 24 weeks, as were gingrval washings for determining the number and % of spirochetes. Results at 24 weeks demonstrated that bleeding scores decreased from 91% to 9%; the % of spirochetes dropped from approximately 9% to less than 1 %; probing pocket depths decreased from 7.5 to 4.5 ram, and probing attachment levels gained 1.1 to 1.4 mm. The chlorhexidine irrigated experimental group and the non-irrigated control group did not differ significantly in any of the studied parameters. Thus, daily patient-administered chlorhexidine irrigation of deep pockets did not augment the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy.
110 citations
TL;DR: The authors performed operations on 10 patients that consisted of cutting the ulnar collateral ligament, lengthening the ulna, osteotomizing the radius, and removing any osteochondromas, and the cosmetic results of the surgery were very gratifying.
Abstract: Thirty of 50 patients with hereditary multiple exostosis developed significant deformities of the arm in one extremity. The degree of deformity is dependent on the location of the osteochondroma. If the osteochondroma is on the radius, deformity will usually be only minimal. If the osteochondroma is at the distal end of the ulna, the epiphysis usually stops growing. We believe that the ulnar collateral ligament then acts as a tether, very similar to that seen in the ulnar clubhand. The radius then has to either bow or dislocate at the elbow, and the wrist displaces ulnarly. We performed operations on 10 patients that consisted of cutting the ulnar collateral ligament, lengthening the ulna, osteotomizing the radius, and removing any osteochondromas. In the young, growing child, staples are placed across the lateral side of the distal radial epiphysis. The cosmetic results of the surgery were very gratifying. Nine patients also had osteochondromas removed from the hands and the forearms.
81 citations
TL;DR: The free autogenous tarsal graft was found to be effective in repairing a variety of eyelid defects and believed that donor eyelid complications are less likely when the graft is harvested so as to include the upper tarsa margin.
Abstract: This is a report of the use of autogenous tarsus as a free graft in 121 eyelid surgical procedures. Seventy-three operations were for reconstruction of full-thickness defects and 30 were for repair of eyelid retraction. The remainder were for repair of cicatricial entropion, symblepharon, distichiasis, and irregularity of the eyelid margin. No grafts failed. There were three complications to a donor eyelid. It is believed that donor eyelid complications are less likely when the graft is harvested so as to include the upper tarsal margin. The free autogenous tarsal graft was found to be effective in repairing a variety of eyelid defects.
69 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that domperidone is a useful and safe agent for treatment of gastroesophageal reflex in infants because it addresses the motility abnormalities inherent in the pathophysiology of the disorder.
55 citations
TL;DR: The effect of a periodontal flap procedure, that included citric acid root conditioning and closure of the wounds by suturing of coronally elongated flaps, was studied in mandibular premolars and molars in monkeys.
Abstract: The effect of a periodontal flap procedure, that included citric acid root conditioning and closure of the wounds by suturing of coronally elongated flaps, was studied in mandibular premolars and molars in monkeys. Three months in advance, to prepare for this regenerative procedure, every other tooth in the mandibular posterior segments was extracted and the alveolar bone level reduced to a level approximately 5 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction around the remaining teeth. Histologic observations of biopsies removed 6 months after the regenerative surgery disclosed resorption of the treated root surfaces in the majority of specimens. Citric acid treatment of the root surfaces cannot have been primarily responsible for the resorption, as control surfaces, on which acid was not used, also displayed resorption. Resorption occurred most commonly on surfaces in which the junctional epithelium showed limited apical migration and was located 2 mm or more coronal to the apical extent of root planing.
53 citations
TL;DR: Clinical and histologic examination of twenty-five teeth of a patient with varying degrees of attachment loss resulting from periodontal disease showed no correlation between the severity of periodontic disease and morphologic changes of the pulp tissue.
47 citations
TL;DR: Although no difference in the inherent "fluidity" of membranes from alcohol vs control rats could be demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance, molecular tolerance to ethanol was demonstrated in the membranes fromcohol rats by the resistance to the disordering effects of added ethanol.
TL;DR: Results help explain the decreased caloric intake observed in Crohn's disease patients and support the role of liquid caloric supplements.
Abstract: To evaluate the role of delayed gastric emptying in the decreased nutritional intake and growth retardation of some patients with Crohn's disease, we looked at four groups: 1) Crohn's disease with growth retardation; 2) Crohn's disease with malnutrition or acute weight loss; 3) Crohn's disease without growth retardation or malnutrition; and 4) normal controls. Gastric emptying was measured by a test meal incorporating 99mTc sulfur colloid-labeled chicken liver as the solid phase marker and 111In-labeled water as the liquid phase marker. The percent of each isotope retained in the stomach over 120 minutes was compared among the groups and correlated with established nutritional parameters, caloric intake, and disease activity. Gastric emptying of the liquid component was the same in all groups, and emptying of solids in patients with Crohn's disease and growth retardation was not significantly different from controls. However, gastric emptying of solids was delayed in five of seven patients in the malnourished group; the mean emptying rate of all seven patients was significantly slower compared both to the normals (p less than 0.01) and the Crohn's patients without growth disturbances (p less than 0.05). This delay was correlated with caloric intake, but not with disease activity or any individual nutritional parameter except arm muscle area (p less than 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 54% of the variation in the emptying of solids could be accounted for by nutritional factors. Fifty-seven percent of patients with delayed gastric emptying had radiologic and/or endoscopic evidence of nonconstrictive involvement of the duodenum with Crohn's disease, while 80% of patients with such involvement had delayed gastric emptying. These results help explain the decreased caloric intake observed in Crohn's disease patients and support the role of liquid caloric supplements.
TL;DR: The data suggest that long-term survival may be feasible for newborn recipients of cardiac xenografts with cyclosporine therapy and limited supplemental immunosuppression.
TL;DR: The inhibition of metabolism of B[a]P and the consistently lower B[ a]P-DNA binding in EA-treated mouse lung explants support the role of EA as a naturally occurring inhibitor of B-induced carcinogenesis.
Abstract: Ellagic acid (EA), a plant phenol found in a variety of fruits and vegetables normally consumed by humans, inhibited the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and covalent binding of B[a]P metabolites to DNA in cultured lung explants from strain A/J mice. Explants were incubated in medium containing EA at concentrations of 10 - 100 microM for 16 h followed by the addition of 1 microM [3H]B[a]P for 24 h. Culture medium was extracted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. DNA from the explants was extracted, purified and quantitated to determine B[a]P metabolite binding to DNA. EA at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100 microM inhibited the metabolism of B[a]P in lung explants by 24-47% and DNA-binding of B[a] metabolites by 36-71%. Analysis of total lipids and trichloroacetic acid insoluble fractions of homogenized lung explants showed two to three times more radioactivity in EA-treated cultures even though EA did not affect the uptake of B[a]P. Explants maintained for four days after the removal of EA and [3H]B[a]P from the culture medium exhibited significant persistence of B[a]P and B[a]P metabolites associated with the total lipid and TCA insoluble fractions and in B[a]P metabolites bound to DNA. H.p.l.c. analysis of the total lipids extracted from homogenized lung explants showed that during the first 3 days of incubation most of the radioactivity in the EA-treated cultures was unmetabolized B[a]P while that in the control cultures existed as metabolites of B[a]P. The inhibition of metabolism of B[a]P and the consistently lower B[a]P-DNA binding in EA-treated mouse lung explants support the role of EA as a naturally occurring inhibitor of B[a]P-induced carcinogenesis.
TL;DR: A double-blind clinical trial of oral penicillin as an adjunct to conventional treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis was conducted, and in both groups there was a significant decrease in plaque scores, gingival inflammation, gedival bleeding and probeable depths.
Abstract: A double-blind clinical trial of oral penicillin as an adjunct to conventional treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis (JP) was conducted. Sixteen subjects with JP were paired on the basis of general similarity of disease, and within each pair the persons were assigned randomly, one to a placebo group and one to a penicillin group. Neither patients nor therapist/examiner were aware of whether placebo or penicillin was being taken. All subjects received an initial scaling and root planing of all teeth and flap surgery of all affected sites. Every 12 weeks after surgery through Week 62 of the study, root planing and oral hygiene instructions were repeated. Phenoxymethyl penicillin (250 mg qid) or placebo was started the day of surgery and each recall visit and lasted for 10 days. Clinical measurements were made at the beginning of the study and at each recall visit. In both groups there was a significant decrease in plaque scores, gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding and probeable depths for all s...
TL;DR: Cervical evaluation by means of speculum examination in the assessment of pregnant patients with spontaneous rupture of membranes are adequate, according to the present results.
TL;DR: These fetal cardiovascular variables showed differential sensitivity to increases in circulating AVP concentrations, suggesting that physiological variations in endogenous AVP may have short-term effects on fetal arterial pressure and heart rate, but probably not on venous pressure or blood volume.
Abstract: To determine the effects of circulating arginine vasopressin (AVP) on fetal arterial pressure, venous pressure, heart rate, and blood volume, we infused graded amounts of AVP into chronically catheterized fetal sheep at 122-136 days gestation (term 145-150 days). Plasma AVP concentrations increased by 6.5 +/- 3.9 (SE), 13.0 +/- 2.4, 55 +/- 11.7, and 144 +/- 42 pg/ml with infusion rates of 1, 3.3, 10, and 33 ng/min, respectively. Fetal arterial pressure rose 0, 7.2 +/- 1.0, 9.1 +/- 2.5, 11.4 +/- 2.9, and 12.1 +/- 2.4 mmHg while heart rate decreased 0, 24 +/- 5, 36 +/- 10, 59 +/- 9, and 62 +/- 9 beats/min during AVP infusions of 0.5, 3.3, 10, 33, and 700 ng/min, respectively. Fetal venous pressure was unchanged except that it increased 2.4 +/- 0.5 and 4.8 +/- 1.5 mmHg at infusion rates of 33 and 700 ng/min, respectively. Fetal blood volume remained unchanged except for a 7.2 +/- 3.4% decrease with 700 ng/min. After blockade of the fetal autonomic nervous system, the arterial pressure increase was twice and the heart rate decrease was one-third of those observed in autonomically intact fetuses with comparable AVP infusion rates. Thus these fetal cardiovascular variables showed differential sensitivity to increases in circulating AVP concentrations, suggesting that physiological variations in endogenous AVP may have short-term effects on fetal arterial pressure and heart rate, but probably not on venous pressure or blood volume.
TL;DR: Although many jurisdictions have now prohibited child pornography, the need for a world-wide ban continues, as the remaining producers distribute their material throughout the world.
TL;DR: Regenerative surgery of dog teeth with reduced periodontal support was undertaken to determine if new connective tissue attachment could be predictably attained back to the level of the cemento-enamel junction; and to what extent the new attachment would be accompanied by bone regeneration, root resorption, and ankylosis.
Abstract: Regenerative surgery of dog teeth with reduced periodontal support was undertaken to determine: (1) if new connective tissue attachment could be predictably attained back to the level of the cemento-enamel junction; and (2) to what extent the new attachment would be accompanied by bone regeneration, root resorption, and ankylosis. The alveolar bone around mandibular premolars was surgically reduced up to 6 mm from the cementoenamel junction. The denuded root surfaces were exposed to the oral environment during a period of 3 months without plaque control. Regenerative surgery was then carried out employing citric acid root conditioning and coronally positioned flaps. 6 months later, histologic evaluation of the midbuccal and midlingual areas of mesial and distal roots revealed new attachment over extended portions of the root surfaces. In 9] of 120 available surfaces, there was no epithelial downgrowth apical to the cemento-enamel junction. Bone regeneration varied from negligible amounts to complete reformation. However, root resorption and ankylosis were prevalent features. 2 different types of resorptions could be distinguished: those occurring near the cemento-enamel junction (cervical resorption). and those occurring more apically in areas of newly formed bone (ankylosis-associated resorption). Resorption of either or both types was noted for 92 of the 120 surfaces.
TL;DR: The data suggest that the CE mouse mammary carcinoma cells produce and secrete into the culture medium an osteolytic factor which is neither PTH nor prostaglandin and which stimulates local synthesis in bone of prostaglandsin E2 which in turn increases bone resorption in vitro.
TL;DR: There is essentially no strong calcium binding to this protein but there is evidence which strongly suggests that calcium binds to nonphosphate groups at higher concentrations.
TL;DR: The results showed that cyanoacrylate and sutures did not produce similar inflammatory responses and were not connected to degree of inflammation in green vervet monkeys.
TL;DR: The aim of the transvaginal needle suspension of the bladder neck is to suspend the bladderneck and urethra in a fixed retropubic position, which does not require the splitting of the abdominal wall fascia.
TL;DR: The results indicate that a suturing technique which counteracts gingival recession, favours the formation of new attachment in this beagle dog model.
Abstract: This study evaluates whether suturing of replaced flaps with crown-attached sutures, following reconstructive surgery, counteracts postoperative recession of the gingival margins and facilitates new attachment. Through-and-through furcation defects were created in the mandibular premolars of 5 beagle dogs. Bone was surgically removed from the furcation and around each root to a level 3 to 4 mm below the cemento-enamel junction. Steel wires were placed in the furcations for 6 weeks to enhance plaque formation. After 12 weeks, reconstructive surgery that included acid conditioning of root surfaces was performed. On 1 side of the mandible, the flaps were replaced and secured by bonding the sutures to the teeth with composite resin. On the other side, the replaced flaps were sutured interdentally with single sutures. The results demonstrated that the margins of flaps secured with interdental sutures shifted apically to the fornix of the furcations after 1 week, and histologically all 10 furcations were found to be lined with epithelium. Margins of flaps secured with crown-attached sutures remained an average of 0.5 mm coronally to the fornix, and 13 of the 14 teeth showed new attachment. The results indicate that a suturing technique which counteracts gingival recession, favours the formation of new attachment in this beagle dog model.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of the occupational therapist as a work evaluator who provides services to injured workers is described. But, the role is not defined as a job evaluation, rather, it is defined as the development of work readiness and physical capacities necessary for working productively.
Abstract: This paper presents the role of the occupational therapist as that of a work evaluator who provides services to injured workers. Therapists, by virtue of their professional knowledge, have a frame of reference for work evaluation and understand the factors that interrupt the work process. In work evaluation, the therapist assists the injured worker to develop work readiness and the physical capacities necessary for working productively. This development takes place in a therapeutic milieu where the "worker" role is regained. The role of the occupational therapist-work evaluator includes work-oriented treatment in the acute care setting, job analysis, work tolerance screening, work capacity evaluation, work hardening, and job market reentry management in the work evaluation and community settings.
TL;DR: It is suggested that none of the tested subgingival washing parameters are suitable indicators of changes in attachment levels on an individual site basis, and spirochete and leukocytes related better to the 12-month probing depths than to changes in probing attachment levels during the preceding 12 months.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in probing attachment levels are related to subgingival spirochete or leukocyte counts in periodontal pockets. Following initial clinical recordings and therapy consisting of oral hygiene instruction and root debridement, the probing attachment levels of proximal sites of 120 single-rooted teeth in 7 patients were measured every 3 months for 12 months. The measurements of each site were subjected to regression analysis, which determined whether the site was deteriorating, improving, or non-changing. Subgingival washings were taken of 19 deteriorating, 22 improving, and 127 non-changing sites to determine the number and % of spirochetes and the number of leukocytes at each site. Improved probing attachment levels were associated with reduced numbers of spirochetes and leukocytes. However, the ranges of individual measurements of subgingival washing variables overlapped considerably between groups. Spirochete and leukocyte counts related better to the 12-month probing depths than to changes in probing attachment levels during the preceding 12 months. These findings suggest that none of the tested subgingival washing parameters are suitable indicators of changes in attachment levels on an individual site basis.
TL;DR: It appears that if the obstruction lasts more than one week, it results in irreversible damage to the elasticity of the extrahepatic ducts, and serial biliary imaging is indicated until a new baseline of the biliary tree diameter has been established.
Abstract: The changes of the biliary tree following distal bile duct obstruction and its release were confirmed by biliary scintigraphy and monitored by serial ultrasonography, computed tomography, and values of serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase in 14 mongrel dogs. The degree and rate of biliary dilatation were independent of cholecystectomy. The most rapid rate of extrahepatic dilatation occurred within the first 48 hours, while dilated intrahepatic ducts were first recognized three to six days after obstruction. Following release of the obstruction, the degree and rate of resolution of the biliary dilatation were independent of the duration of ligation (one vs. two weeks) and cholecystectomy. The dilatation resolved slowly. Dilated intrahepatic ducts were recognized for as long as eight to 13 days, while extrahepatic biliary dilatation was still present for 13 weeks, at which time the experiment was terminated. It is postulated that the extrahepatic biliary dilatation will approach a plateau approximately one month after total biliary obstruction. It appears that if the obstruction lasts more than one week, it results in irreversible damage to the elasticity of the extrahepatic ducts. Thus, after release of the obstruction, serial biliary imaging is indicated until a new baseline of the biliary tree diameter has been established.
TL;DR: CT seems to be nearly as accurate as arthrography for showing meniscus dislocation, is performed with lower x-ray exposure, and is noninvasive.
Abstract: A prospective study to determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) meniscus was made by performing both CT and contrast arthrography on 18 joints suspected of meniscus dislocation. Arthrography rather than surgery was chosen as the quality standard for comparing CT findings, as not all patients undergoing the studies underwent surgery. The CT protocol included scanning with both closed- and open-mouth series, 1.5-mm-thick slices, soft-tissue and bone-detail settings, and coronal and sagittal reformations. Arthrography was done with linear tomography, after both lower and upper compartmental injections under fluoroscopic control. The results of each test were reported independently by the radiologist who obtained either all of the arthrograms or all of the CT scans. For dislocation of the meniscus, there was excellent agreement between the two methods. Nine menisci were dislocated according to both arthrography and CT. One meniscus was thought to be dislocated by CT, but this was not confirmed with arthrography. CT seems to be nearly as accurate as arthrography for showing meniscus dislocation, is performed with lower x-ray exposure, and is noninvasive. Arthrography discloses more detailed information about the joint meniscus, such as perforation and maceration, and should continue to be used when this kind of information is clinically important.
TL;DR: Chronic treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with methadone 5 mg/kg IP throughout gestation and lactation resulted in an increased oral self-administration (S.A.) of morphine by their 85-90-day-old offspring, and it does appear that chronic maternal exposure to methamphetamine may facilitate development of a morphine- S.A. behavior in their offspring.
Abstract: Chronic treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with methadone 5 mg/kg IP throughout gestation and lactation resulted in an increased oral self-administration (S.A.) of morphine by their 85–90-day-old offspring. By day 16 of the S.A. treatment schedule methadone offspring were taking 75 to 80% of their total fluid intake as morphine solution when given a choice between morphine solution and water, while control offspring under the same conditions took 33% of their total fluids as morphine solution. When the subjects were again given a choice between water and morphine solution following a 12-day drug free period, methadone offspring drank a significantly greater percentage of morphine solution than controls. Methadone S.A. in methadone offspring was not different from controls. The reasons for this marked difference between morphine and methadone S.A. are not clear. However, it does appear that chronic maternal exposure to methadone may facilitate development of a morphine-S.A. behavior in their offspring.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The neuroendocrine system of a mammal is organized to respond in patterns of expectancy: challenges to these expectations arouse the sympathetic adrenal-medullary system, and the norepinephrine-to-epinephrine ratio increases with the physiological accompaniments of the raised catecholamine levels.
Abstract: The neuroendocrine system of a mammal is organized to respond in patterns of expectancy. Each species has evolved with the capacity to attain its own peculiar desiderata, e.g., appropriate diet, nest, and mate: challenges to these expectations arouse the sympathetic adrenal-medullary system. The ensuing behavior involves an irritable aggressivity designed to overcome the threat. The norepinephrine-to-epinephrine ratio increases with the physiological accompaniments of the raised catecholamine levels. Unfavorable early environmental experiences can create a mental set that views the current external milieu as a never-ending challenge. Such a stress-prone temperament is often associated with depressed gonadotropic activity and/or disturbed alimentary and cardiovascular function. The more anxious the organism becomes and doubts the fulfillment of expectancies, the more the pituitary-adrenocortical axis becomes implicated. Anxiety is accompanied by increasing levels of epinephrine. Acute events like bereavement, which abruptly deny expectancies, lead to a resetting of the limbic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis with helplessness and the depression that often accompanies it (2, 8, 10, 12).