Showing papers by "Louisiana State University published in 1968"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the special soil conditions that exist because of waterlogging and discuss the effect of these conditions on the transformation and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in lowland rice.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the special soil conditions that exist because of waterlogging and discusses the effect of these conditions on the transformation and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. Waterlogging causes changes in the properties of soils, which profoundly affect the nutrition of lowland rice. The root zone is changed from an aerobic to an anaerobic or near-anaerobic environment because of the drastic decrease in the oxygen supply in the soil. Oxidation–reduction systems in the soil, which are generally stable as long as the soil is bathed in oxygen, become unstable when the oxygen supply is restricted. Nitrate, manganic compounds, ferric compounds, and sulfate are stable in well-aerated soils but become unstable when the oxygen supply of the soil is cut off. Nitrate nitrogen is subjected to loss through denitrification because of the ability of facultative anaerobes to substitute nitrate for oxygen. Manganous manganese and ferrous iron are produced from the oxidized compounds of these elements under waterlogged conditions. If reduction is intense enough, sulfate is reduced to sulfide by anaerobic bacteria. Both nitrate and ammonium ions can be assimilated by the rice plant, but better stability of the ammonium form in waterlogged soils make it the superior form of nitrogen for lowland rice. Advantage can be taken from the reducing conditions in waterlogged soils to increase the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer. Several forms of phosphate that are coprecipitated with ferric oxide are released as a result of the reduction of ferric oxide in the soil. These reactions usually result in a larger amount of phosphate becoming available to a flooded rice crop than would be the case with an upland crop.
303 citations
TL;DR: Reduction of sulfate to sulfide in waterlogged soils was dependent on soil redox potential and pH, and little or no sulfide accumulated with aredox potential above -150 millivolts.
Abstract: Reduction of sulfate to sulfide in waterlogged soils was dependent on soil redox potential and pH. Little or no sulfide accumulated with a redox potential above -150 millivolts, or with a pH outside the range 6.5 to 8.5.
178 citations
TL;DR: Isa compared development of sugarcane borer larvae reared on corn, sugar cane, and artificial diets, and found that those rearing on corn were larger and developed more quickly than specimens reared in the labaratory on a small scale.
Abstract: The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), has been reared in the labaratory on a small scale with a variety of techniques. Pan and Long (1961) reared larvae of this species aseptically on autoclaved sugarcane tops and on artificial diets modeled after those used by Beck (1950) and Ishii (1956) for rearing the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and the Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), respectively. Isa compared development of sugarcane borer larvae reared on corn, sugarcane, and artificial diets, and found that those reared on corn were larger and developed more quickly than specimens reared on sugarcane or artificial diets. Wongsiri and Randolph (1962) obtained more than 80% survival of sugarcane borer larvae reared on an artificial diet similar to that developed by Adkisson et al. (1960) for rearing the pink bollworm, Pectinophora Gossypiella (Saunders).
145 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the correlation of atherosclerosis in various arteries of autopsied persons in whom most of the major arteries affected by Atherosclerosis could be directly inspected and graded indicates that, on a group basis, severity of atheosclerosis in one artery parallels atheros sclerosis in other arteries, however, on an individual case basis severity does not predict closely severity in another artery except for bilateral cerebral arteries.
Abstract: Physicians would like to be able to predict the severity of atherosclerosis in one artery by measuring the severity of atherosclerosis in another artery. I t is difficult, however, to measure atherosclerosis in one artery of a living patient; it is even more difficult to measure accurately atherosclerosis in two or more arteries by comparable methods in living patients. We have therefore investigated the correlation of atherosclerosis in various arteries of autopsied persons in whom most of the major arteries affected by atherosclerosis could be directly inspected and graded. The autopsied persons included in this study were from Oslo, Norway, and Guatemala, Central America, locations in which the average severity of atherosclerosis differs great1y.l Pathologists in these two areas submitted sets of arteries to the International Atherosclerosis Project, a cooperative survey of atherosclerosis in autopsied persons from many different populations.2 The results indicate that, on a group basis, severity of atherosclerosis in one artery parallels atherosclerosis in other arteries. However, on an individual case basis, severity of atherosclerosis in one artery does not predict closely severity of atherosclerosis in another artery except for bilateral cerebral arteries.
117 citations
TL;DR: Divisorial ideals were introduced by Van der Waerden, Artin, and Krull in the 1930's and were called v-ideals by Krull as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Let D be an integral domain with identity having quotient field K. A non-zero fractional ideal F of D is said to be divisorial if F is an intersection of principal fractional ideals of D[4; 2]. Equivalently, F is divisorial if there is a non-zero fractional ideal E of D such thatDivisorial ideals arose in the investigations of Van der Waerden, Artin, and Krull in the 1930's and were called v-ideals by Krull [9; 118]. The concept has played an important role in the development of multiplicative ideal theory.
115 citations
TL;DR: The pyruvate-phosphate ligase (AMP) as discussed by the authors is a pyrolytica trophozoite enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transformation of phosphoenolpyruvates to pyruVate according to the following equation: P-enolpyrevate + AMP + PPi ⇄ pyruveate + ATP + Pi
111 citations
109 citations
TL;DR: A cellulose-decomposing aerobic and mesophilic bacterium has been isolated from soils of sugar cane fields as discussed by the authors, which was adapted to isolate a single clone of cellulolytic organism from closely related contaminants.
Abstract: A cellulose-decomposing aerobic and mesophilic bacterium has been isolated from soils of sugar cane fields. The terminal dilution method was adapted to isolate a single clone of cellulolytic organism from closely related contaminants. The cultural and physiological characteristics of the isolate were studied, and the organism was identified as a member of the genus Cellulomonas. The isolate excreted cellulase into the menstruum, and it hydrolyzed various cellulosic materials producing cellobiose as the final breakdown product in the menstruum. When sugar cane bagasse was properly treated with alkali and heat, the organism could decompose up to 90% of the initial substrate within 5 days. Amino acid analysis of the cell crop revealed a high content of lysine, and the essential amino acid pattern compared favorably with that of Food and Agricultural Organization reference protein.
96 citations
TL;DR: It is found that heat exposure for 30-minute periods during each of 4 consecutive hours or a single intra-muscular injection of ACTH every hour for 4 consecutiveHours will significantly reduce antibody response while only ACTH caused a significant reduction in adrenal cholesterol.
95 citations
95 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a number of β-diketone chelates of Sc(III, Y(III), Th(IV), U(IV) and dioxouranium(VI) acetylacetonates have been characterized and investigated to determine if they were volatile and stable.
TL;DR: The social and psychological components of stigma have been the subject of a series of recent essays by Erving Goffman, beginning with his interest in "impression management" as mentioned in this paper, which is a way to "control the conduct of others, especially their responsive treatment" by controlling what they see and hear.
Abstract: The social and psychological components of stigma have been the subject of a series of recent essays by Erving Goffman, beginning with his interest in "impression management." By "impression management" he means the efforts made by people to create desired images about themselves in the face of the inescapable fact that whether a person wishes or not, his actions yield expressions about himself. Impression management is a way to "control the conduct of others, especially their responsive treatment" by controlling what they see and hear. In a later work Goffman focuses on persons characterized by stigma, or "undesired differentness," of which he identifies three general types: ( 1 ) physical disfigurement; (2) aberrations of character and/or personality; and (3) social categorizations such as race, nation, and religion. Since stigma may be visible or invisible, known about or not, impression management yields two sub-types: (1) the management of social in formation about self, and (2) the management of ten...
29 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the presence of Cusp-type sand waves as a product of interaction between longshore currents and an erodible bed and found that their presence causes variability in beach profiles along the shore between those containing a prominent bar and those without a bar.
Abstract: Collective movements of sediment occur in the form of sand waves m the nearshore zone and affect beach topography to a significant extent. Bar-type sand waves move only in the onshore direction and account for various accretive profiles on the subaerial beach. When the beach is eroded, these sand waves are simply disintegrated on the subaerial beach, instead of migrating back in the form of sand waves. These characteristics of bar-type sand waves help explain dynamic behavior of beach profiles with respect to profile configuration, sediment storage, and beach width. Cusp-type sand waves are considered to be a product of interaction between longshore currents and an erodible bed. Their presence causes variability in beach profiles along the shore between those containing a prominent bar and those without a bar. Migration of these sand waves may well produce pulsational transfer of material along the shore.
TL;DR: 4-Methyl-3-heptanone functions as a releaser of alarm behavior in Atta laevigata and A. sexdens whereas 2-hePTanone is not excitatory for neither of these species.
TL;DR: This report demonstrates the daily pattern in susceptibility to D-amphetamine sulphate as measured by percentage of mortality for normal rats housed in a light-dark environment, for rats maintained in continuous illumination (LL) and for blinded rats kept in continuous darkness (DD).
Abstract: SEVERAL daily drug-susceptibility rhythms have been reported in rodents1–12. This report demonstrates the daily pattern in susceptibility to D-amphetamine sulphate as measured by percentage of mortality for normal rats housed in a light-dark (LD) environment, for rats maintained in continuous illumination (LL) and for blinded rats kept in continuous darkness (DD).
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the Mulliken and Lowdin definitions of atomic charge lead to significantly different wave functions and physical interpretations, when they are used as criteria of self-consistency in computing the wave functions.
TL;DR: An enzyme capable of catalyzing the reaction AMP + PPi + P-enolpyruvate + pyrophosphate ⇌ ATP + Pi + pyruvates was obtained from Bacteroides symbiosus cell extracts and was purified from interfering enzyme activities.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study has been made of three different procedures used to define the charge on an atom in a molecule, and it was found that none of the three is completely satisfactory, although that proposed by Lowdin seemed to give the best results.
Abstract: A study has been made of three different procedures used to define the charge on an atom in a molecule. It was found that none of the three is completely satisfactory, although that proposed by Lowdin seemed to give the best results. The effect of certain other factors, such as the nature of the basis set and the inclusion of the Madelung potential, was also investigated.
TL;DR: Fractionation of non-hemoglobin proteins from hemoglobin in lysates showed that only hemoglobin promoted a lethal infection, and this role for hemoglobin would be of importance not only in peritonitis but also in problems where hemolysis and infection coexist.
Abstract: Intraperitoneal injection into mice of approximately 8 × 106 washed cells of Escherichia coli suspended in a lysate of washed human red blood cells or an aqueous solution of crystalline hemoglobin was lethal. E. coli suspended in washed intact erythrocytes, whole blood, plasma, or saline was innocuous. Fractionation of non-hemoglobin proteins from hemoglobin in lysates showed that only hemoglobin promoted a lethal infection. Overwhelming intraperitoneal growth of E. coli was attained in about 12 hr in lethal infections. The polymorphonuclear leukocytic response was ineffective against this rapid growth. The lethal mechanism is hypothesized to center on a unique role for free hemoglobin in inhibiting peritoneal absorption and stimulating an intraperitoneal exudate which supports luxuriant bacterial growth. Death is attributed to a lethal intoxication from bacterial endotoxins. This role for hemoglobin involves neither enhanced bacterial virulence nor lowered host resistance, and it would be of importance not only in peritonitis but also in problems where hemolysis and infection coexist.
TL;DR: In this paper, a number of Wolfsberg-Helmholz (W-H) type calculations for VO(H2O) 5 ++ are reported, and it is shown that single Slater type orbitals can be obtained in such a way as to reproduce results of W-H calculations using SCF-functions.
Abstract: A number of Wolfsberg-Helmholz (W-H) type calculations for VO(H2O) 5 ++ are reported. The aim of the work is twofold: to test the viability of single Slater type mimics of SCF orbitals, and to remove a number of the more drastic assumptions in the original Ballhausen-Gray (B-G) calculations. It is shown that single Slater type orbitals may be obtained in such a way as to more or less reproduce results of W-H calculations using SCF-functions. It is shown that removal of B-G approximations does not change the relative one-electron MO ordering of the B-G scheme; however, the energy gaps between the levels are changed considerably. The effects of displacing the vanadyl group from the equatorial plane are shown to be important.
TL;DR: Although there are limitations in determining the total amount of hexuronic acids in heparin and heparan sulfate by the methods described, these techniques are very useful in resolution of ratios of the different hexuronics acids and detection of trace quantities not heretofore possible.
TL;DR: Cells in the interior of susceptible oat roots treated with the disease-inducing agent victorin exhibit many of the ultrastructural features which characterize the epidermal or outermost root cap cells of untreated roots, which suggests that calcium nutrition may play a role in the pathological changes induced byvictorin.
Abstract: A B S I R A C T Cells in the interior of susceptible oat roots treated with the disease-inducing agent victorin exhibit many of the ultrastructural features which characterize the epidermal or outermost root cap cells of untreated roots. An increase in electron density of cell walls fixed in permanganate is the first effect of victorin seen in the root interior. Other early victorin-induced changes are formation of enlarged, densely stained vesicles by the Golgi apparatus and organization of the endoplasmic reticulum into roughly parallel profiles. All of these features are characteristic of untreated epidermal cells. V'ictorin also induces the formation of large numbers of lomasome-like wall lesions and causes a marked increase in the number of nearly spherical, membrane-bounded structures tentatively identified as spherosomes. Similar lomasome- and spherosome-like structures are much more abundant in the outermost cells of the root cap than in other regions of untreated roots. This suggests that these structures may be characteristic of cells destined to undergo disintegration. Victorini-induced lesions appear to arise within the cell wall as the result of an activation of wall-degrading enzymes. An early change which makes the unit structure of the plasma membrane visible over extended areas may account, for victorin-induced changes in permeability. Disrupted plasma membranes and swollen mitochondria are found only in cells heav ly damaged biy victorin. Mfany of the effects of victorin resemble those of calcium deficiency and calcium is known to suppress victorin-induced disease symptoms. This suggests that calcium nutrition may play a role in the pathological changes induced by victorin.
TL;DR: The tendril of grape has a type of determinate vegetative growth in which the components of the apex differentiate completely, and Studying the ontogeny of such determinate apical meristems is useful to show how differentiation proceeds in a region which in most vegetative shoots remains undifferentiated.
Abstract: The apical meristem of the grape tendril possesses several remarkable features: bilateral symmetry, a minimal number of appendages, and an exceedingly brief period of apical meristem activity. The cellular configuration of the apex changes from tunica-corpus to zonate, as rudimentary leaves and branch-tendril apices are initiated. Eventually the apical meristem of the tendril itself ceases meristematic activity and differentiates as a large hydathode. Typical spongy epithem tissue, copious xylary tissue, and water-pores in the epidermis characterize the hydathode. Numerous vascular strands traverse the length of the tendril and terminate in enlarged tracheary elements adjacent to the epithem. Cessation of meristematic activity follows lowered mitotic rate in the summit and accelerated differentiation below and within the meristem. THE DETERMINATE tendril-shoot in grape, Vitis vinifera, is a short-lived vegetative apical meristem. Studying the ontogeny of such determinate apical meristems is useful to show how differentiation proceeds in a region which in most vegetative shoots remains undifferentiated. Histogenetic studies concerning the fate of determinate vegetative apical meristems are rather few: excellent examples include studies on the thorn-shoots of Gleditsia (Blaser, 1956), Hymenanthera (Arnold, 1959), and Ulex (Bieniek and Millington, 1967), and studies of tendrilshoots (Moens, 1956; Shah, 1962; Millington, 1963, 1966). Highly modified determinate shoots also occur in cacti (Boke, 1959). The tendril of grape (Vitis vinifera) has a type of determinate vegetative growth in which the components of the apex differentiate completely. Its development has not been reported previously, despite the numerous studies of grape morphology. Most attention has been focussed on the peculiar arrangement of leaves and tendrils, which is considered either sympodial (Troll, 1954) or monopodial (Bugnon, 1953; Moens, 1956; Millington, 1966). Millington (1966) reviews the arguments and contributes new ontogenetic evidence to support the monopodial interpretation. Other genera in the Vitaceae possess the same bizarre architecture: Ampelopsis (Moens, 1956), Cayratia (Shah, 1960), Cissus (Shah, 1962), and Parthenocissus (Millington, 1963, 1966). The 1 Received for publication 6 May 1968. This research was completed in the Botany Department, University of California, Davis. The authors wish to thank Dr. T. E. Weier, who generously allowed use of the electron microscope (maintained under National Science Foundation grant GB-2546) for this project. They also are grateful to Dr. Kenneth Stewart for assistance with preparations for electron microscopy and to Dr. R. J. Weaver, who provided the plant material from University stocks. tendril of vitaceous plants is considered a shoot by either interpretation, however. Hence one can compare the tendril apex directly with other vegetative apical meristems. Initiation and early development of tendrils in Parthenocissus has been described by AMillington (1966). In Parthenocissus and Ampelopsis, the tendril tip becomes a glandular disk, quite unlike the hydathode in Vitis. Moens (1956) reported that the disk in Ampelopsis is secretory and is composed of radially elongate epidermal cells. The number of tendril branches per tendril-shoot varies: 2-4 in Vitis, 2-5 in Parthenocissus, and up to 10 in Ampelopsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS-Shoot tips and young tendrils were collected from healthy, greenhouse-grown plants of 'Zinfandel' and 'Petite Sirah' varieties of European grape (Vitis vinifera). These were fixed either in FAA or CrAF III; the material was imbedded in Paraplast and sectioned at 7-10 ,u, and stained in a combination of iron alum haematoxylin, safranin, and fast green. Whole mounts of representative tendrils were prepared by bleaching in NaOH, clearing in chloral hydrate, and staining in safranin to emphasize the vasculature. Some material of the hydathode was prepared for electron microscopy. This structure is a refractory subject for infiltration. The most successful treatment for killing and fixation was in cold 4 % glutaraldehyde (in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2) for 4 hr, followed by cold 3 % KMnO4 for 3 hr. The tendril tips then were dehydrated, imbedded in Maraglas, and sectioned. The sections were stained with lead citrate, then prepared and photographed by the customary procedures. Monitor sections approximately 0.37 ,A thick were stained in methyl violet, dehydrated, and mounted permanently for phase photography.
TL;DR: The distribution of the various forms of manganese in waterlogged soils and the effects of the oxidation-reduction or redox potential on these transformations are dealt with.
Abstract: MANGANESE reduction from insoluble oxidized forms to slightly soluble reduced forms occurs readily when an aerated soil is waterlogged. Together with the disappearance of oxygen and nitrate, an increase in the manganous ion (Mn++) in the soil solution and on the cation exchange complex is one of the first measurable effects of reducing conditions caused by waterlogging. Although reduction and solution of manganese compounds in waterlogged soils are well known, little information is available about the distribution of various forms of manganese in the soil as reduction processes take place. Experimental data are especially lacking on the intensity of reduction required for conversion of oxidized manganese compounds to reduced forms in waterlogged soils. This report deals with the distribution of the various forms of manganese in waterlogged soils and the effects of the oxidation-reduction or redox potential on these transformations.
TL;DR: An uninterrupted series of hierarchically arranged crescentic coastal landforms occurs along the Atlantic coast and dimensional analysis suggests a geometric relation between order, amplitude, and number.
Abstract: An uninterrupted series of hierarchically arranged crescentic coastal landforms occurs along the Atlantic coast. Dimensional analysis suggests a geometric relation between order, amplitude, and number. The processes responsible for these features also may be continuous in nature.
TL;DR: A new analysis is presented of a special type of learning criterion: a sequence of correct responses marred by the inclusion of at most one incorrect response.
TL;DR: Three hundred and eighty-four isolates obtained in the completed test portion of the most probable number determinations of coliforms in sugarcane sources were identified as Aerobacter aerogenes and were suggested to be classified as K. pneumoniae.
Abstract: Three hundred and eighty-four isolates were obtained in the completed test portion of the most probable number determinations of coliforms in sugarcane sources. Of these isolates, 88% were of the (- - + +) indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate (IMViC) type and were identified as Aerobacter aerogenes according to the protocol of the American Public Health Association (1). Employing 359 of these cultures, a comparative biochemical, serological, and pathogenicity study was carried out with Klebsiella pneumoniae CDC no. 2211-66 type 9. More than 86% of the organisms tested gave biochemical reactions typical of K. pneumoniae. Of the other isolates, 2% were Enterobacter aerogenes, and the remaining 12% were identified as atypical, nonmotile IMViC types. Comparable agglutination titers were also observed between A. aerogenes and the CDC strain of K. pneumoniae when several randomly selected sugarcane strains were reacted with prepared K. pneumoniae whole cell antiserum. Neither the K. pneumoniae reference organism nor selected sugarcane isolates displayed pathogenicity for mice. On the basis of all the analyses performed, it was suggested that such organisms be classified as K. pneumoniae.
TL;DR: In this paper, controlled potential electrolysis on very dryethylsulphoxide solutions of UO 2 2+ nitrate under an argon atmosphere was carried out for electronic spectral investigation.