Showing papers by "M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology published in 2022"

Carbon dots derived from Beta vulgaris: evaluation of its potential as antioxidant and anticancer agent.

Abstract: Carbon dots (CDs) endowed with outstanding physico-chemical characteristics expeditiously garnered tremendous popularity in the scientific community. CDs can be synthesized from a variety of natural resources and can replace metal semiconductor quantum dots in the range of applications such as bio-imaging, sensing and catalysis. Herein, CDs are green synthesized fromBeta vulgarisvia a single step hydrothermal approach (b-CDs). The synthesized carbon dots are characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fluorescence spectroscopy, High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The b-CDs hence developed exhibited the signature 'excitation-dependent fluorescence emission' with its most intense emission in the green region. The quantum yield for the b-CDs obtained by this synthetic approach evinced an appreciable value of 11.6%. The antioxidant property of b-CDs are evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to obtain a maximum scavenging activity of 94.5% at a concentration of 1000μg ml-1and its underlying mechanisms are illustrated. The blood compatibility of b-CDs are assessed using haemolysis assay and the cytotoxicity evaluated using MTT assay shows significant cell growth-inhibition against the human breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. This succinct study demonstrates the inherent therapeutic potential of biocompatible carbon dots.

Experimental Investigations on Utilization of Bagasse Ash in Adobe Bricks

Abstract: Utilizing the industrial and agricultural wastes as a active raw material has been the prime focus for Researchers around the globe. Utilizing these by-products/waste materials can be beneficial in terms of cost savings in addition to addressing the issue of sustainability and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. The present work was aimed at developing eco-friendly unfired bricks termed as adobe bricks by utilizing agro waste from sugar mills which is termed as sugarcane bagasse ash. The study involved investigating the performance of adobe bricks mixed with sugarcane bagasse ash stabilized with cement. Locally available soil from North part of Bengaluru was used as part of this study. The adobe bricks were casted by varying the sugarcane bagasse ash in the range 0–60% at increments of 10%. Engineering properties of these adobe bricks such as compressive strength, water absorption, dry density, flexural strength were studied as per codal provisions. Mix with 30% blending of sugarcane bagasse ash in the adobe bricks showed good results and satisfied the codal provisions as per Indian standards.

Recent Advances and Future Directions of Assistive Technologies for Alzheimer’s Patients

Abstract: With the technological advancements in the domain of computer science, Medicinal and engineering fields, Intelligent Assistive Technologies (IAT) have been developed to mitigate the burden of caretakers and patients of Alzheimer’s. A wide variety of IAT has been developed. Caretakers and patients of Alzheimer’s will be much relieved if there are tools that assist them in performing their daily activities like bathing, cooking, hand wash, brushing and medication aids etc. Further, a safety system that ensures the safety of the patients like fall detection, gas leakage detection and fire detection etc. is also needed. This paper mainly reviews various existing IAT for medication aids, brushing and fall detection. Thus, this provides new research challenges and future directions for other researchers working in this area.

Analytical Study on Load Balancing Algorithms in Cloud Computing

Abstract: With advancements in the Internet field, cloud computing is critical to provide services on a pay-per-use basis. It has become effortless to use due to its attributes such as fault tolerance, high availability, and scalability. Due to these features and their increased popularity, load balancing becomes extremely important to ensure that the tasks are appropriately distributed across servers to prevent confusion. Many people have created and developed various algorithms to provide a good overview and architecture to the cloud service. This paper aims to create a review for different algorithms of load balancing.

e-Reside: A Case Study on Blockchain for IoT in Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi

Abstract: Today, we are living in a technological world that it is necessary to use more advanced technologies to control devices remotely from different locations. Earlier electronic devices were controlled through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee in the restricted areas, but with the help of advanced technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud, we can extend it to such a level where we can control the devices even from remote areas. Raspberry Pi is one such technology which made a strong influence to control any electronic devices even from the remote areas. The technology designed can expand in allowing multiplicity of devices that can be controlled and also at a very low cost. Usage of Raspberry Pi device on home automation and its benefits need to be observed. Ever-growing connected ecosystem provisioned the industry to change the way we interact with the traditional brick and mortar houses to such an extent that the user is entirely in control of his home’s comfort and security. For the useful utilization of power very effectively, certain human errors happening unintentionally need to be reduced, like to switch off home appliances; the home automation system has to be designed in such a way that they need to control all electronic devices of a house remotely in a secured and safe manner. The smart home is one of the most mainstream applications which can improve the inhabitant’s life quality. Nevertheless, the security and protection problems of the house owner bring developing difficulties, while an ever-increasing number of information are gathered and shared by the various IoT gadgets inside the smart home. Blockchain for an IoT is a developing enchanting innovation strategy that gives a private, secure, and decentralized instrument for the information utilization in smart home.

Optimum planar reinforcement parameters for enhancing the load carrying capacity of strip foundations on reinforced sandy soils

Abstract: Strengthening of soil with reinforcement is one of the ground improvement techniques which provide practical solutions for unpaved roads and foundations on weak soils. The improvement of loose to medium sandy deposits (ϕ ≤ 30°) with suitable reinforcements improves the strength and reduces the settlement. This study is focussed on the determination of optimum values of reinforcement parameters for the metallic and geosynthetic materials reinforced in the sand bed for maximizing the load carrying capacity of the strip footing. The finite element approach is employed to assess the increased bearing capacity of the reinforced sand bed. A practical elasto-plastic analysis procedure is used considering Drucker–Prager material model for the soil. The results of the finite element analysis are validated with those available in the published literature. Parametric studies are carried out by considering different factors such as reinforcement material type, geometry and location of the reinforcement below the footing. Based on the results, the optimum reinforcement parameters are obtained. The reinforcement length, spacing between the layers and number of layers are obtained, respectively, as 4–6B, 0.25–0.5B and 5, where B is the width of the footing. It is recommended that the first layer of reinforcement be placed below the footing at 0.25–0.5B, for the maximum benefit to be derived for the bearing capacity of the footing. It is concluded that the depth of the influence zone is 1.5B below the footing. For the reinforcement materials—nylon, aluminium, and galvanized steel the increase in the load carrying capacity are 183, 233 and 245%, respectively, compared to the unreinforced sand bed.

Influence of substituent position in aromatic diamines on coumarin derivative

Abstract: The Influence of substituent position in aromatic diamines such as ortho-phenylenediamine (OPD) and para-phenylenediamine (PPD) on 7-methoxy-4-azido methyl coumarin (7MCA) has been studied in different solvents. A hypsochromic shift in the absorption maximum of 7MCA in the presence of aromatic diamine indicates the formation of the complex. From the 1H NMR study, it is understood that there is an H-bonding between the NH2 proton of OPD and 7MCA. A shift in the N–H stretching band of OPD observed in FT-IR spectra towards lower frequency indicates H-bonding between 7MCA and OPD. But the nature of the interaction between PPD and 7MCA cannot be determined from NMR and FT-IR study. Non-linear S-V plots obtained from the fluorescence quenching study reveals the involvement of both static and dynamic quenching processes. The value of the quenching rate parameter for para-phenylenediamine is more than ortho-phenylenediamine in protic solvents. But the value of the quenching rate parameter for ortho-phenylenediamine is more than its para isomer in aprotic solvents. Electrochemical analysis reveals that there is no electron transfer from these amino anilines to coumarin derivatives. The Nature of force between 7MCA and aromatic diamine (OPD and PPD) is hydrophobic in methanol since the change in enthalpy and entropy are positive but these thermodynamic parameters have negative values in DMF solvent indicating, a weak van der Waals force between 7MCA and amino anilines.

Fog Computing—Characteristics, Challenges and Job Scheduling Survey

Abstract: Fog computing has taken some burden off from cloud computing because it is located at the edge devices. It consists of independent wireless devices for communicating with the network for various applications. It helps to increase the performance and better utilization of resources since the time taken for sending entire data to the cloud can be reduced and data can be stored partly in the fog nodes at the user’s end devices. With the rapid technology growth, especially in the Internet of things, this new paradigm is becoming extremely attractive and useful in decreasing the response time. The communication between cloud and fog is gaining a lot of attention. This survey paper first gives a brief introduction to fog computing, and later some of the characteristics, challenges, applications of fog computing, state of art and finally different algorithms for scheduling the jobs in fog computing are discussed.

Multi-sink Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

Abstract: A major issue of UWSNs is energy consumption of resources. UWSNs are equipped with batteries of limited power. Recharging or replacement of batteries is a difficult task when battery power is completely exhausted. Hence, it is very much essential to utilize power efficiently so as to enhance the network lifetime. To bring reduction in energy consumption of each node in the network, nodes are deployed layer wise and a sink is provided at each layer. The nodes belonging to particular layer send the sensed data to sink designated for that layer. This eliminates the participation of more number of nodes as intermediate nodes which indirectly helps in balancing the energy of network. The simulations are performed first by deploying a single sink on surface of water and then by deploying sink on each layer. The performance metrics are determined for both static single sink and static multi-sink architecture and are compared in this paper.

Self-balancing Bicycle with Location Tracking Based on the Principle of Inverted Pendulums

Abstract: This paper proposes a design for a reaction wheel assisted self-balancing bicycle modelled as an inverted pendulum. The control system uses an inertial measurement unit to measure the angular displacement of the cycle and then employs a micro-controller, a high torque motor and a reaction wheel, to correct its position by calculating the corrective torque required. Additionally, the bicycle also offers a location tracking capability using a Global System for Mobile (GSM) and a Global Positioning System (GPS). The device can also be used as a rehabilitation and transportation device for disabled and senile individuals.

Quantitative Analysis of Breast Thermograms Using BM3D Denoising Method and Features Extraction

Abstract: Breast thermography is an evolving imaging technique used for detection of breast cancer. The higher metabolic activity of cancer cells will increase the temperature of the affected and its surrounding regions which can be captured using infrared imaging. It is well known fact that the application of filtering plays a crucial role towards making effective quantitative metrics. This study makes use of BM3D image filtering followed by CLAHE enhancement process. Wavelet entropy and gray level run length matrix features were extracted and support vector machine pattern classifier is introduced to discriminate normal and cancerous breast thermograms. Two datasets, one local hospital and other open source visual lab database was considered for the study.

Practical Design of Machine Foundation Subjected to Harmonic Loading by Rotating Equipment with Varying Frequency

Abstract: This paper presents a practical design of machine foundation subjected to varying harmonic loads. The dynamic analysis of machine foundation is performed using an analytical method. The var...

Construction and Characterization of Graphene-Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite as Thermoelement With High ZT Factor

Abstract: In this work, we designed and fabricated a thermoelement using nano-graphene composite, and its thermoelectric property was enhanced with higher ZT factor. A graphene composite material monolith was synthesized using solid state fabrication techniques and this was characterized for various thermophysical properties. A maximum ZT factor of 4.3 was achieved with 40 wt% graphene-PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) nanocomposite, which is higher than conventional vapor compression thermoelements. This would pave the way for more efficient Peltier devices and thermoelectric refrigerators.

Groundwater Quality Analysis for South Belagavi City, India; A Case Study

Abstract: In the current paper, groundwater status of seven fields situated in South Belagavi City, Karnataka, India is evaluated with the objective of calculating the water quality index. Water quality index categorizes the water bodies by providing a numerical value which describes the physical state or overall quality of water. In the present study, water quality is examined based upon the physicochemical analysis of eight parameters in particular pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDSs), total hardness (TH), calcium hardness (CH), chlorides, alkalinity and acidity. The statistical regression method of analysis for the ground water from all the selected fields is carried out. It is based on the computation of correlation coefficient between varied physicochemical parameters in consideration. The outcome reveals that the water quality index in the seven selected fields fall under the category of poor to unsuitable indicating pollution in the groundwater and is not acceptable for consumption.

Automated Electric Power Saving System in University Classrooms Using Internet of Things

Abstract: Electricity has the major resource consumption among many resources in the country. Also, it is the most misused resource, so control of consumption needs to be taken so that cost is maintained and future generation is benefited. The system proposed here represents a low cost and efficient classroom system which controls appliances like lights and fans using NodeMcu module and relays and adapters with the available LAN or Wi-Fi in the University, so that devices can be remotely controlled using the web. This also uses low-cost sensor which detects the presence of humans switching on the lights when necessary and off if humans are not detected. The simple and effective sensor called Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor) will be used in each classroom. Human existence is sensed by the sensor through heat radiations which are produced by humans. Then the input is given as the signal through simple web application is created. The procedure to operate the devices which manually followed to operate the devices is however neglected, therefore, installing this type of equipment, and a web application will surely reduce the wastage of electricity in classrooms by remote-operating devices.