Montreal Children's Hospital

About: Montreal Children's Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 3842 authors who have published 4816 publications receiving 200198 citations.

Outcome issues in ADHD: Adolescent and adult long‐term outcome

Abstract: This article outlines the value and limitations of the research in the area of long-term outcome of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It examines the natural progression of the disorder, and the factors affecting outcome. Early research findings since the 1960s have focused on ADHD primarily as a childhood disorder. More recently, a number of researchers have tracked Patients with ADHD longitudinally. These studies have been able to chart the natural progression of this disorder, ascertaining its continued presence in adolescence and adulthood, as well as to identify stable predictors of outcome. Results of long-term follow-up studies showed that in adolescence, most patients (70%–80%) continue to show symptoms of the disorder and continue to meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. In adulthood, many patients continue to be symptomatic (60%), but fewer meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Research in this area is plagued by a number of methodological difficulties. In addition to the reclassification of the disorder over the years, differences in study designs have made it difficult to replicate key findings. Despite these difficulties, a number of consistent findings have been documented. The core symptoms of hyperactivity–impulsivity tend to decrease over time, although inattention may persist. Additional difficulties resulting from secondary problems often develop in later life. These difficulties include low self-esteem, poor academic performance, and poor interpersonal skills. Antisocial behavior and substance abuse in late adolescence and adulthood are important problems in some of these patients. The prognosis for these patients is influenced by the severity of symptoms, comorbidity, I.Q., family situation such as parental pathology, family adversity, socioeconomic status, and treatment. Treatment, particularly stimulant medication, can be helpful in the short term for these patients, but the long-term impact of treatment is unclear. MRDD Research Reviews 1999;5:243–250. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Resilience in unaccompanied minors from the north of Somalia.

Abstract: Using ethnographic data this paper shows how young Somali refugees are relatively protected by the collective meanings attributed to separations within their own nomadic culture and by the establishment of continuity through lineage and age-group structures This continuity is based not only on the potential substitution of ascendants by a vast social network but also on a very strong process of identification within the age-group of peers Traditionally among the refugee children unaccompanied refugee children have been considered the highest mental-health risk group This assertion is based on the recognition of the extreme nature of the contextual stressors children are often subject to: deprivation of emotional relationships loss of a familiar environment and often considerable traumas related to war or armed conflict in the country of origin It is noted that the one element most likely to increase the risk to mental health in unaccompanied children is the interplay between traumatic experiences and multiple separations and maintains that the children are particularly vulnerable to the burden inflicted by the juxtaposition of mourning and the integration of the traumatic experience However the collective meaning attributed to a traumatic situations can enable affected individuals on one hand to resort to real or symbolic support from their network and on the other hand to find culturally appropriate strategies to face the situation

The hyperactive child at adolescence: cognitive, emotional, and social functioning.

Abstract: In view of the paucity of detailed follow-up studies on hyperactive children, the performance of 15 adolescents diagnosed hyperactive 5 years previously was compared to that of a control group of equivalent age, sex, intelligence, and social class. Eleven cognitive tests measuring sustained attention, visual-motor and motor skills, abstraction, and reading ability, as well as three self-assessment tests examining self-esteem, activity level, social functioning, academic status, and career aspirations were administered. The hyperactives performed significantly worse than the controls on the sustained attention, visual-motor, and motor tasks, and on two of the four reading tests. They also gave themselves significantly lower ratings on some of the self-esteem and sociability items. It would appear that the hyperactives at adolescence still have attentional and stimulus-processing difficulties, which affect not only their academic performance but also their social functioning.

Neuroimaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: beyond the frontostriatal circuitry.

Abstract: Objectives:To review the findings of structural and functional neuroimaging studies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with a focus on abnormalities reported in brain regions that ...

The behavioral response to formalin in preweanling rats

Abstract: The behavioural response of rat pups, 1–20 days of age, to subcutaneous injection of formalin in a rear paw is described. Formalin-injected pups were compared to handled controls and to pups that received an injection of normal saline. Ongoing behaviour was recorded every 2 min for 60 min after injection. Injection of normal saline produced little disorganization of behaviour, although day-1, -3 and -6 pups did frequently flex the limb on the injected side early in the session. Injection of 10 μl of 1% formalin depressed active and quiet sleep in pups 10 days old and younger. Much less disruption of sleep was observed in day-15 pups, and in day-20 pups it was necessary to increase the concentration of formalin to 2.5% to produce a consistent behavioural response. The specific responses of pups to formalin injection were flexion of the limb, shaking the limb, and licking the injected paw. Pups of all ages displayed all of these responses, but in pups younger than 10 days, only limb flexion was consistent. Shaking became a consistent response in day-10 pups and licking in day-15 and -20 pups. Non-specific behaviours (squirming, vigorous rear kicks with both hind limbs and convulsive whole body jerks) were markedly increased by formalin in younger pups with a developmental pattern: squirming and kicking in day-1 pups, kicking and jerking in day-3 to -15 pups. Non-specific behaviours decreased and specific behaviours increased with age. In addition, the overall intensity and duration of the response decreased with age. The biphasic time course of the response of adult rats to formalin injection did not appear until 15 days of age.