Moorfields Eye Hospital

About: Moorfields Eye Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Visual acuity & Glaucoma. The organization has 3721 authors who have published 6790 publications receiving 246004 citations.

Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery: a critical evaluation.

Abstract: Purpose of reviewNonpenetrating glaucoma surgery is popular in a number of countries because of its perceived superior safety profile to mitomycin-C trabeculectomy. This article critically evaluates recently published literature relating to nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery.Recent findingsRecent modifications in nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery, including the use of implants, augmentation with antiproliferatives, and use of laser goniopuncture, appear to result in improved intraocular pressure control. Comparative studies suggest a better safety profile with nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery but higher long-term intraocular pressure than after trabeculectomy. Despite this perception, a difference in intraocular pressure control between mitomycin-C trabeculectomy and nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery, when the most recent modification has been incorporated, has not been demonstrated conclusively in randomized trials conducted over sufficiently long periods to be clinically important.SummaryNonpenetrating glaucoma surgery continues to evolve. Intraccular pressure-lowering efficacy seems to have improved with recent modifications in technique but the degree and longevity of intraocular pressure-lowering in comparison with trabeculectomy are still uncertain.

Peripheral Refraction and Refractive Error in Singapore Chinese Children

Abstract: PURPOSE. Peripheral hyperopia was hypothesized to stimulate axial elongation. This study describes peripheral refraction and its associations with central refractive error in young Singapore Chinese children.METHODS. Two hundred fifty children aged 40 months or older recruited from the Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Refractive Error in Young Singapore Children study were included in this analysis. Peripheral refraction was measured after pupil dilation using an infrared autorefractor. A total of five measurements were captured: central visual axis and 15 and 30 eccentricities in the nasal and temporal visual fields.RESULTS. The mean age of the participants recruited was 83 +/- 36 months. There were 37 children with high and moderate myopia ( 1.0 D; 18.8%). Compared with the central axis, children with high and moderate myopia had relative hyperopia at all peripheral eccentricities (P < 0.001), whereas children with low myopia had relative hyperopia only at the temporal and nasal 30 degrees (P < 0.001), but not at the nasal and temporal 15 degrees. Children with emmetropia and hyperopia had peripheral relative myopia at all eccentricities (P < 0.001). A significant correlation between the nasal and temporal refractive error at 30 degrees was noted (Spearson's correlation coefficient = 0.85, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS. Young myopic Singapore Chinese children had relative hyperopia in the periphery. This study substantiates previous studies in older children and in Caucasian subjects. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011; 52:1181-1190) DOI:10.1167/iovs.10-5601

Quantifying Eye Stability During a Fixation Task: A Review of Definitions and Methods

Abstract: Several definitions, measurements, and implicit meanings of 'fixation stability' have been used in clinical vision research, leading to some confusion. One definition concerns eye movements observed within fixations (i.e., within periods separated by saccades) when observing a point target: drift, microsaccades and physiological tremor all lead to some degree of within-fixation instability. A second definition relates to eye position during multiple fixations (and saccades) when patients fixate a point target. Increased between-fixation variability, combined with within-fixation instability, is known to be associated with poorer visual function in people with retinal disease such as age-related macular degeneration. In this review article, methods of eye stability measurement and quantification are summarised. Two common measures are described in detail: the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) and the within-isolines area. The first measure assumes normality of the underlying positions distribution whereas the second does not. Each of these measures can be applied to two fundamentally different kinds of eye position data collected during a period of target observation. In the first case, mean positions of eye fixations are used to obtain an estimate of between-fixation variability. In the second case, often used in clinical vision research, eye position samples recorded by the eyetracker are used to obtain an estimate that confounds within- and between-fixation variability. We show that these two methods can produce significantly different values of eye stability, especially when reported as BCEA values. Statistical techniques for describing eye stability when the distribution of eye positions is multimodal and not normally distributed are also reviewed.

A Locus for Autosomal Dominant Anterior Polar Cataract on Chromosome 17p

Abstract: Inherited cataract is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease, Here we report the identification of a new locus for an autosomal dominant anterior polar cataract on the short arm of chromosome 17. To map this new locus we performed genetic linkage analysis with microsatellite markers in a four-generation pedigree. After exclusion of seven candidate loci for cataract, we obtained significant positive LOD scores for markers D17S849 (Z = 4.01 @ theta = 0.05) and D17S796 (Z = 4.17 @ theta = 0.05). Multipoint analysis gave a maximum LOD score of 5.2 (theta(max) = 0.06) between these two markers, From haplotype analysis, the cataract locus lies in the 13 cM interval between markers D17S849 and D17S796. This study provides the first genetic mapping of an autosomal dominant anterior polar cataract.

Periorbital necrotising fasciitis.

Abstract: Three cases of periorbital necrotising fasciitis are described, one occurring in a three-year-old child. The cases in adults required debridement of necrotic tissue, in one of whom there was extensive disease involving the face and orbital fat. It is probable that the early stages of this condition are under-recognised; the importance of early signs and intensive treatment of this life-threatening disease are illustrated.