Moorfields Eye Hospital

About: Moorfields Eye Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Visual acuity & Glaucoma. The organization has 3721 authors who have published 6790 publications receiving 246004 citations.

Meta-analysis of gene–environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error

Abstract: Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5 × 10(-5)), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.

Cornea biomechanical characteristics and their correlates with refractive error in Singaporean children.

Abstract: PURPOSE. To determine corneal biomechanical parameters measured with the Reichert Ocular Response Analyser (ORA) in Singaporean children, and to assess their possible correlations with refractive error and biometry. METHODS. This was a cross-sectional study of 271 subjects from the Singapore Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM). Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), central corneal thickness (CCT), and cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) were measured with the ORA. Spherical equivalent refraction was assessed with an autokeratorefractometer and axial length by contact ultrasound A-scan biometry. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured. RESULTS. The mean age of the study population was 13.97 0.89 years, the distribution of the sexes was almost equal (138 boys, 50.9%), and most were Chinese (186 subjects, 68.6%). The mean (SD) CH and CRF were 11.78 1.55 (range, 6.93–16.53) and 11.81 1.71 (range, 7.83–16.83) mm Hg. CH and CRF did not vary significantly with age (P 0.24; 0.61), sex (P 0.21; 0.08), or race (P 0.23; 0.36). CH and CRF did not vary with myopia status (P 0.79; 0.83) or axial length (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] 0.11 and 0.05, P 0.08 and 0.40). Multivariate analyses were performed with CH, CRF, or CCT as the dependent variable and age, sex, race, weight, IOPcc, CCT, SE refraction, and corneal curvature as covariates. CH was significantly associated with IOP (regression coefficients [] 0.22 [95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.17]), CCT ( 0.03 [0.02– 0.03]) and corneal curvature ( 1.13 [2.08 to 0.19]). CRF was significantly associated with IOP, CCT, and corneal curvature ( 0.08 [0.02– 0.14]; 0.03 [0.03– 0.04], and 1.39 [2.54 to 0.23], respectively). The only factor that was predictive of decreased CCT was Malay or Indian race (P 0.03 and 0.001), compared with Chinese. CONCLUSIONS. The CH and CRF values in our study on Singaporean children are slightly higher than in adult studies. CH and CRF are not associated with refractive error or axial length. Flatter corneas are associated with lower CH and CRF readings. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:3852–3857) DOI:10.1167/ iovs.07-1670

Management of inflammatory glaucomas.

Abstract: Purpose of reviewTo review the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of uveitic glaucoma in the light of significant studies published during the review period (October 2002–2003).Recent findingsThe visual prognosis of glaucoma secondary to certain types of uveitis, for example Juvenile Idopathi

A prospective study of matrix metalloproteinases in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Abstract: PURPOSE. The migration, proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion of cells and other cellular functions are influenced by the surrounding extracellular matrix, in normal and wound-healing conditions. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes that degrade and remodel the extracellular matrix and, thus, play a central role in the wound-healing process. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), a wound-healing process in the retina, is a major cause of the failure of retinal detachment surgery. The role of MMPs in the pathobiology of PVR is unknown. We have investigated the presence of MMPs in the vitreous of patients with retinal detachment and the predictive value of MMPs for the future development of PVR.METHODS. A prospective study was conducted on 140 consecutive patients with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in whom vitrectomy was considered necessary because of a giant retinal tear and the presence of preoperative PVR, among other reasons. Vitreous samples were obtained and analyzed by zymography for the presence of MMPs. The patients were then followed up for the development of postoperative PVR (mild and severe).RESULTS. Two species of MMPs were detected in the vitreous: MMP-2 and MMP-9. MMP-2 was detected in all of the vitreous samples obtained, whereas MMP-9 was found in only 64 (47%) of 136 samples. The levels of MMPs detected were not significantly associated with the presence of preoperative PVR (P > 0.05), but they were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the development of postoperative PVR (mild and severe).CONCLUSIONS. The results from this prospective study suggest that MMPs may be an important predictor and may also play a role in the development of postoperative PVR.