Moorfields Eye Hospital

About: Moorfields Eye Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Visual acuity & Glaucoma. The organization has 3721 authors who have published 6790 publications receiving 246004 citations.

The use of corticosteroids for choroidal neovascularisation in young patients

Abstract: Purpose To investigate the role of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of sight-threatening choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in patients with punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) and multifocal inner choroiditis (MIC). Methods Twelve eyes of 10 patients with evidence of PIC or MIC with recent visual symptoms were identified. All eyes had CNV within the foveal avascular zone on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Systemic oral prednisolone at an initial dose of 1 mg/kg (60-80 mg) was given for 3-5 days and the dose was subsequently tapered. Changes in best corrected visual acuity and leakage on FFA were recorded during follow-up. Systemic side-effects of the corticosteroids were monitored. Results In 10 of 12 eyes vision improved or stabilised. Leakage on FFA resolved in 9 eyes and was reduced in 3. Four patients required more than one course of oral corticosteroids. One patient was maintained on low-dose oral corticosteroids for recurrent CNV activity. No systemic complications from the treatment were observed. Conclusion A course of oral corticosteroids in healthy young patients with subfoveal CNV in PIC or MIC may reduce subretinal vascular leakage and stabilise vision when no other proven treatment option is available.

Acanthamoeba keratitis: confirmation of the UK outbreak and a prospective case-control study identifying contributing risk factors

Abstract: Background/aims Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a chronic debilitating corneal infection principally affecting contact lens (CL) users Studies were designed to test claims that the UK incidence may have increased in 2012–2014 and to evaluate potential causes Methods Annualised incidence data were collected from January 1984 to December 2016 Case-control study subjects were recruited between 14 April 2011 and 05 June 2017 Reusable CL users with AK were recruited retrospectively and prospectively Controls were reusable CL users, recruited prospectively, with any disorder other than AK Multivariable analysis of questionnaire data measured independent risk factors for AK Results The current outbreak of AK started in 2010–2011 with an incidence threefold higher than in 2004–2009 Risk factors for AK were: Oxipol disinfection, CLs made of group IV CL materials, poor CL hygiene, deficient hand hygiene, use of CLs while swimming or bathing, being white British, and for those in social classes 4–9 Conclusion AK is a largely preventable disease The current outbreak is unlikely to be due to any one of the identified risk factors in isolation Improving CL and hand hygiene, avoiding CLs contamination with water and use of effective CL disinfection solutions, or daily disposable CLs, will reduce the incidence of AK In the longer-term, water avoidance publicity for CL users can be expected to reduce the incidence further Ongoing surveillance of AK numbers will identify changes in incidence earlier Evaluation of Acanthamoeba contamination in end-user drinking water would contribute to our understanding of regional variations in the risk of exposure

Refractive error and biometry in older Chinese adults: the Liwan eye study.

Abstract: PURPOSE. To assess the prevalence of refractive error and describe the distribution of ocular biometry and its association with refraction in adult Chinese.METHODS. Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged >= 50 years in Liwan District, Guangzhou. Refraction was determined by subjective refraction that achieved the best corrected vision based on monocular measurement. Ocular biometry was measured by A-mode ultrasound using a hand-held applanation probe.RESULTS. Among 1405 participants in the study, data from 1269 phakic right eyes were available for analysis. The prevalence of myopia (SE +0.5 D), and astigmatism (cylinder > 0.75 D) was 32.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.8%-34.6%), 40.0% (95% CI, 37.3%-42.7%), and 48.3% (95% CI, 45.6%-51.1%), respectively. The spherical equivalent tended to become hyperopic at 60 years and shifted toward myopia at 75 years. Axial length did not change with age but was consistently shorter in women. Lens thickness increased with age and tended to be greater in women.CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of myopia and biometric distribution in this urban Chinese cohort are similar to those observed in Singaporean Chinese but greater than in Mongolians and Europeans. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of environmental factors in the myopia rates. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:5130-5136) DOI:10.1167/iovs.09-3455

The Prevalence of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in European Derived Populations

Abstract: Aim To estimate the prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in European derived populations. Method Systematic review and modelling of PACG prevalence data from population studies. PACG was defined according to the ISGEO definition requiring structural and/or functional evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Prevalence estimates were applied to the 2010 United Nations projected population figures to estimate case numbers. Results The prevalence of PACG in those 40 years or more is 0.4% (95% CI 0.3% to 0.5%). Age-specific prevalence values are 0.02% (CI 0.00 to 0.08) for those 40–49 years, 0.60% (0.27 to 1.00) for those 50–59 years, 0.20% (0.06 to 0.42) for those 60–69 years and 0.94% (0.63 to 1.35) for those 70 years and older. Three-quarters of all cases occur in female subjects (3.25 female to 1 male; CI 1.76 to 5.94). Conclusion This analysis provides a current evidence-based estimate of PACG prevalence in European derived populations and suggests there are 130 000 people in the UK, 1.60 million people in Europe and 581 000 people in the USA with PACG today. Accounting for ageing population structures, cases are predicted to increase by 19% in the UK, 9% in Europe and 18% in the USA within the next decade. PACG is more common than previously thought, and all primary glaucoma cases should be considered to be PACG until the anterior chamber angle is shown to be open on gonioscopy.