Moorfields Eye Hospital

About: Moorfields Eye Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Visual acuity & Glaucoma. The organization has 3721 authors who have published 6790 publications receiving 246004 citations.

Distribution of pigment epithelium autofluorescence in retinal disease state recorded in vivo and its change over time.

Abstract: · Background: Recently a technique of imaging the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been developed that takes advantages of its intrinsic fluorescence derived from lipofuscin The purpose of this study was to document the distribution of fundus autofluorescence in patients with various retinal diseases and its change over time · Methods: The intensity and spatial distribution of fundus autofluorescence was documented in 318 eyes from 159 patients with various retinal diseases using a confocal Laser Scanning Ophthalmoscope Thirty patients with macular dystrophies and 30 with age-related macular disease underwent serial examinations over a period of 1–3 years in order to monitor the changes over time of fundus autofluorescence · Results: Absent autofluorescence corresponded well spatially with outer retinal atrophy in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa and rod-cone dystrophy Abnormally high background autofluorescence was seen in the macular region in some patients with dominant and recessive retinitis pigmentosa and rod-cone dystrophies In areas of macular edema fundus autofluorescence was abnormal Fundus autofluorescence showed changes over time in most of the eyes with retinal diseases studied · Conclusion: Fundus autofluorescence allows documentation of areas of photoreceptor cell loss in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa and rod-cone dystrophies If abnormal high background autofluorescence in the surviving areas occurs only in some patients with retinitis pigmentosa, the technique may serve to distinguish the regional from the diffuse type of disease Over time, fundus autofluorescence may demonstrate change or may remain stable

Penetrating and Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Keratoconus: A Comparison of Graft Outcomes in the United Kingdom

Abstract: PURPOSE. To compare outcomes after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for keratoconus in the United Kingdom.METHODS. Patient outcome data were collected at the time of transplantation and at 1, 2, and 5 years after surgery. Data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox regression, and binary logistic regression to determine the influence of surgical procedure on graft survival and visual outcome.RESULTS. The risk of graft failure for DALK was almost twice that for PK (P = 0.02). Nineteen percent of the DALK failures occurred in the first 30 postoperative days compared with only 2% of PK failures. When these early failures were excluded, there was little difference between the 3-year graft survivals for DALK (92%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 85%-95%) and PK (94%; 95% CI, 92%-95%) (P = 0.8). Although the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was similar for the two procedures (P = 0.7), 33% of patients who underwent PK achieved a BCVA of 6/6 or better at 2 years compared with only 22% of those who underwent DALK (P < 0.001). Those with DALK were also likely to be more myopic (< -3 D) but there was little difference in scalar cylinder.CONCLUSIONS. DALK had a higher overall failure rate than PK. The difference was largely accounted for by early failures, which appeared to be related to the surgeon's experience. DALK recipients were less likely to achieve BCVA of 6/6 than were PK recipients and were more likely to have -3 D or worse myopia. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009; 50: 5625-5629) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3994

Cytokine production and mRNA expression by conjunctival T-cell lines in chronic allergic eye disease.

Abstract: Background Activated CD4(+) T cells, mast cells and eosinophils are the main cytokine-producing cell-types infiltrating the conjunctiva during chronic allergic eye diseases. Interactions between these cells are thought to play an important immunopathogenic role in these disorders (giant papillary conjunctivitis; vernal keratoconjunctivitis; atopic keratoconjunctivitis).Objective The objective was to compare the cytokine profiles of conjunctival T-cell lines from patients with different forms of chronic allergic eye disease.Methods T cells were isolated from conjunctival biopsies and non-specifically expanded into lines. The lines were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Cytokine production was quantified by immunoassays and more sensitive molecular techniques were used to investigate cytokine mRNA expression to identify the presence of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma transcripts.Results Following four to six rounds of stimulation, the conjunctival T-cell populations were CD3(+) (> 93%), with variable levels of CD4 and CD8 expression. All were HLA-DR+ (> 80%) with some HLA-DQ expression. Conjunctival T-cell lines from atopic keratoconjunctivitis produced selective increases in LFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-13 (P<0.01), those from vernal keratoconjunctivitis produced increased IL-5 (P<0.01) whereas T-cell lines from giant papillary conjunctivitis produced only low levels of cytokines. IL-4 was only detected at the mRNA level and was expressed in four out of five T-cell lines in the vernal keratoconjunctivitis group. In contrast there was moderate to strong expression of IFN-gamma in five out of six T-cell lines in atopic keratoconjunctivitis.Conclusion Different patterns of T-cell cytokine profiles were observed for each disease, with low-level, non-polarized cytokine production in giant papillary conjunctivitis, a TH2-like profile in vernal keratoconjunctivitis and a shift towards a TH1-like profile in atopic keratoconjunctivitis.

Silicone oil removal. I. The effect on the complications of silicone oil.

Abstract: The results of a retrospective study of the effects of silicone oil removal from 85 eyes in 85 patients are reported. Pars plana vitrectomy and fluid/silicone oil exchange had been undertaken for retinal detachments associated with giant retinal tears or with proliferative vitreoretinopathy in all cases. Clinically significant cataract developed in 60% of lenses that were clear at the time of oil removal, and 85% of pre-existing lens opacities progressed. Removal of oil from 19 eyes with uncontrollable glaucoma was combined with drainage surgery in 14 eyes. Postoperatively the intraocular pressure was controlled in 13. Corneal decompensation either improved or was unchanged in eight out of nine patients after silicone oil removal, and three patients had penetrating keratoplasty and maintained a clear corneal graft. Patients who did not have glaucoma or keratopathy at the time of silicone oil removal did not develop these complications.