Myriad Genetics

About: Myriad Genetics is a company organization based out in Munich, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Breast cancer. The organization has 562 authors who have published 586 publications receiving 56046 citations. The organization is also known as: Myriad Genetics, Inc..

Characterisation of homologous recombination deficiency in paired primary and recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer

Abstract: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is shown to predict response to DNA-damaging therapies in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC); however, changes in HRD during progression remains unknown. HRD scores were evaluated in paired primary and/or recurrent HGSOC samples (N = 107) from 54 patients with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. BRCA1/2 mutation, BRCA1 methylation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and HRD scores were characterised using tumour DNA-based next-generation sequencing assays. Among 50 evaluable pairs (N = 100 samples), high intra-patient correlation in HRD score was observed (r2 = 0.93). BRCA1/2 mutations, BRCA1/2 LOH, and HRD were maintained between primary and recurrent samples, except for one pair in which a BRCA1 reversion mutation was identified in the recurrent sample. Despite the reversion, both samples were classified as having high HRD scores ( ≥ 42). All samples with BRCA1/2 mutations exhibited high HRD scores; however, high HRD scores were more prevalent than BRCA1/2 mutations (55% vs. 30%, respectively). Markers of HRD were maintained between the primary and recurrent samples, regardless of other genomic changes that occurred during recurrence. HRD score/markers in primary tumours may be valuable and adequate for selection of platinum-based therapy and/or poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in recurrent HGSOC.

Compositions and methods for treating neurological disorders and diseases

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods and compositions for treating neurological disorders and diseases. In addition, methods for selecting therapeutic agents useful for treating neurological disorders and diseases are provided.

The emerging field of polygenic risk scores and perspective for use in clinical care.

Abstract: Genetic testing is used widely for diagnostic, carrier and predictive testing in monogenic diseases. Until recently, there were no genetic testing options available for multifactorial complex diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been invaluable in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with increased or decreased risk for hundreds of complex disorders. For a given disease, SNPs can be combined to generate a cumulative estimation of risk known as a polygenic risk score (PRS). After years of research, PRSs are increasingly used in clinical settings. In this article we will review the literature on how both genome-wide and restricted PRSs are developed and the relative merit of each. The validation and evaluation of PRSs will also be discussed, including the recognition that PRS validity is intrinsically linked to the methodological and analytical approach of the foundation GWAS together with the ethnic characteristics of that cohort. Specifically, population differences may affect imputation accuracy, risk magnitude and direction. Even as PRSs are being introduced into clinical practice, there is a push to combine them with clinical and demographic risk factors to develop a holistic disease risk. The existing evidence regarding the clinical utility of PRSs is considered across four different domains: informing population screening programs; guiding therapeutic interventions; refining risk for families at high-risk; and facilitating diagnosis and predicting prognostic outcomes. The evidence for clinical utility in relation to five well-studied disorders is summarized. The potential ethical, legal and social implications are also discussed.

Next-day cognition, psychomotor function, and driving-related skills following nighttime administration of eszopiclone

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate next-day driving ability, as assessed by brake reaction time (BRT), and cognitive/psychomotor function following nighttime administration of 3 mg eszopiclone. METHODS: Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over studies were performed in healthy volunteers (n = 32) and patients with primary insomnia (n = 32). Study participants received nighttime dosing of 3 mg eszopiclone or placebo. BRT and a psychometric test battery were used to assess the next-day effects of eszopiclone treatment. RESULTS: In both studies, driving ability and measures of cognitive and psychomotor function were not impaired the morning after eszopiclone, as compared to placebo. All eszopiclone subjects reported improved ease in getting to sleep and quality of sleep with no significant changes in behavior upon awakening. A significant increase in next-day feelings of sedation was reported in healthy volunteers, but not in patients with primary insomnia, following eszopiclone treatment relative to placebo. Sleep induction, maintenance, duration, and efficiency, as assessed by PSG, were significantly improved following eszopiclone treatment in patients with insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: Nighttime administration of 3 mg eszopiclone improved objective and subjective sleep measures in patients with insomnia (and subjective sleep measures in healthy patients) and did not impair next-day driving-related skills or measures of cognition in either study population relative to placebo. Language: en