New York Methodist Hospital

About: New York Methodist Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Brooklyn, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Myocardial infarction & Percutaneous coronary intervention. The organization has 948 authors who have published 936 publications receiving 29954 citations.

Validity of self‐reported sleep bruxism among myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients and controls

Abstract: Summary Sleep bruxism (SB), primarily involving rhythmic grinding of the teeth during sleep, has been advanced as a causal or maintenance factor for a variety of oro-facial problems, including temporomandibular disorders (TMD). As laboratory polysomnographic (PSG) assessment is extremely expensive and time-consuming, most research testing this belief has relied on patient self-report of SB. The current case–control study examined the accuracy of those self-reports relative to laboratory-based PSG assessment of SB in a large sample of women suffering from chronic myofascial TMD (n = 124) and a demographically matched control group without TMD (n = 46). A clinical research coordinator administered a structured questionnaire to assess self-reported SB. Participants then spent two consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory. Audiovisual and electromyographic data from the second night were scored to assess whether participants met criteria for the presence of 2 or more (2+) rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes accompanied by grinding sounds, moderate SB, or severe SB, using previously validated research scoring standards. Contingency tables were constructed to assess positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity and specificity, and 95% confidence intervals surrounding the point estimates. Results showed that self-report significantly predicted 2+ grinding sounds during sleep for TMD cases. However, self-reported SB failed to significantly predict the presence or absence of either moderate or severe SB as assessed by PSG, for both cases and controls. These data show that self-report of tooth grinding awareness is highly unlikely to be a valid indicator of true SB. Studies relying on self-report to assess SB must be viewed with extreme caution.

Impact of atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (from the HORIZONS-AMI [Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction] trial)

Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with worse outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and impact of new-onset AF after primary PCI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions from the Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial. HORIZONS-AMI was a large-scale, multicenter, international, randomized trial comparing different antithrombotic regimens and stents during primary PCI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions. Three-year ischemic and bleeding end points were compared between patients with and without new-onset AF after PCI. Of the 3,602 patients included in the HORIZONS-AMI study, 3,281 (91.1%) with sinus rhythm at initial presentation had primary PCI as their primary management strategy. Of these, new-onset AF developed in 147 (4.5%). Compared with patients without AF after PCI, patients with new-onset AF had higher 3-year rates of net adverse clinical events (46.5% vs 25.7%, p

The recovery of cognitive function after remifentanil-nitrous oxide anesthesia is faster than after an isoflurane-nitrous oxide-fentanyl combination in elderly patients.

Abstract: UNLABELLED We tested the hypothesis that remifentanil-nitrous oxide (N(2)O) anesthesia shortens postoperative emergence and recovery compared with an isoflurane-N(2)O-fentanyl combination in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. A total of 60 patients (>65 yr old) were randomly assigned to one of two groups for maintenance of anesthesia. After the induction with 3.6 +/- 1.2 mg/kg IV thiopental and endotracheal intubation facilitated with 1.4 +/- 0.5 mg/kg succinylcholine, patients were maintained with either 0.5%-1.5% isoflurane, 70% N(2)O, and up to 7 microg/kg fentanyl (iso/fent group) or 48 +/- 11 microg/kg remifentanil and 70% N(2)O (remi group). A mini-mental status examination was used to assess cognitive ability preoperatively, at 15, 30, and 60 min after arrival at the postanesthesia care unit and again 12-24 h postoperatively. The time from the conclusion of anesthesia to spontaneous respiration was similar in both groups. Times to eye opening (4.8 +/- 2.6 vs 2.3 +/- 1.1 min), extubation (6.8 +/- 3.8 vs 3.2 +/- 2.1 min), and verbalization (9.9 +/- 6.2 vs 3.9 +/- 2.6 min) were significantly shorter for the remi group (P < 0.05). Postoperative mini-mental status examination scores were significantly lower in the iso/fent group at 15 (16.3 +/- 5.8 vs 23. 7 +/- 3.3), 30 (20.2 +/- 5.2 vs 26.3 +/- 2.7), and 60 min (23.5 +/- 4.4 vs 27.5 +/- 2.0) (P < 0.001); however, the scores equalized after 12 h. Requirements for postoperative analgesics were similar in the two groups. More patients in the remi group were treated with antiemetics (21 vs 7, P = 0.06). Use of remifentanil-N(2)O for maintenance did not shorten the overall length of stay in the postanesthesia care unit; a stay is often related to multiple administrative issues, rather than cognitive recovery. IMPLICATIONS Maintenance of anesthesia with remifentanil-nitrous oxide (N(2)O), compared with isoflurane-N(2)O-fentanyl, can safely shorten postoperative recovery of cognitive function in a geriatric population. Earlier recovery may facilitate postoperative neurological assessment. Use of remifentanil-N(2)O for maintenance did not shorten the overall length of stay in the postanesthesia care unit, a stay often related to multiple administrative issues, rather than cognitive recovery.

A single dose of melatonin prevents the phase delay associated with a delayed weekend sleep pattern

Abstract: Study objectives This study was designed to test the hypotheses that a delayed weekend sleep pattern may lead to a phase delay of the endogenous circadian rhythm, and that melatonin administration can counteract the phase delay and prevent the sleep and functional impairments associated with this sleep pattern. Design A within-subject, counterbalanced design was used in which each subject participated in both placebo and melatonin conditions. Subjects' sleep-wake schedules were delayed by two hours on Friday and Saturday to simulate the delayed weekend sleep pattern. Six mg of melatonin or a placebo pill was administered double blind on Sunday late afternoon. Setting N/A. Participants Ten healthy volunteers (mean age = 22.1 years old). Measurements and results Salivary dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured on Friday and Monday nights. Subject's sleep was recorded with polysomnography on Sunday night and their levels of sleepiness, cognitive functioning and mood were assessed on Sunday night and Monday morning. Results show that the delayed weekend sleep pattern caused a 31.6 min delay of the endogenous melatonin rhythm. Melatonin administration counteracted the phase delay of endogenous melatonin onset. On Sunday, melatonin administration increased the sleepiness throughout the evening and reduced sleep onset latency at bedtime. On Monday morning, subjective sleepiness was decreased in the melatonin condition. Conclusion A delayed weekend sleep pattern did show a mild phase-delay effect on the endogenous circadian rhythm. A single dose of melatonin can acutely reverse the weekend drift.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of radiation‐induced sequelae in children: The University of Pennsylvania experience

Abstract: BACKGROUND. The role of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in the treatment of radiation-related sequelae in adults is well known. In contrast, its role in the management of radiation-related sequelae in children has not been well studied. In an effort to define its value better, the authors reviewed the University of Pennsylvania experience and hereby report the results of their analysis. METHODS. Between 1989 and 1994, ten patients who underwent radiation therapy for cancer as children were referred for HBO therapy. Six patients underwent HBO therapy as a prophylactic measure prior to maxillofacial procedures : dental extractions and/or root canals (four patients), bilateral coronoidectomies for mandibular ankylosis (one patient), and wound dehiscence (one patient). Therapeutic HBO was administered to four other patients : one patient for vasculitis resulting in acute seventh cranial nerve palsy and the other three after sequestrectomy for osteoradionecrosis (mastoid bone, temporal bone, and sacrum, respectively). Osteoradionecrosis was diagnosed both radiologically and histologically after exclusion of tumor recurrence. The number of treatments ranged between 9-40 dives (median, 30 dives). Treatments were given once daily at 2 atmosphere absolutes for 2 hours each. Adjunctive therapy in the form of debridement, antibiotics, and placement of tympanotomy tubes was administered to two patients. Ages at HBO treatment ranged from 3.5 to 26 years (median, 14 years). Six patients were male and four were female. The most commonly irradiated site was the head and neck region (eight patients ; brain stem gliomas [one], posterior fossa primitive neuroectodermal tumor [one], rhabdomyosarcomas [three], nasopharyngeal cancer [one], carcinoma of the parotid gland [one], and Hodgkin's disease [one]). The remaining two patients received radiation therapy for pelvic tumors (Ewings's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma). Radiation doses ranged between 4000 and 6660 centigray (cGy) (median, 5500 cGy). The interval between the end of radiation therapy and HBO treatment ranged between 2 months and 11 years (median, 1.5 years). The median follow-up interval after HBO therapy was 2.5 years (range, 2 months-4 years). RESULTS. Except for two patients who had initial anxiety, nausea, and vomiting, the HBO treatments were well tolerated. In all but one patient, the outcome was excellent. In the six patients who had prophylactic HBO, all continued to demonstrate complete healing of their orthodontal scars at last follow-up. In the four patients who received HBO as a therapeutic modality, all 4 had documented disappearance of signs and symptoms of radionecrosis and two patients demonstrated new bone growth on follow-up computed tomography scan. One patient with vasculitis and seventh cranial nerve palsy had transient improvement of hearing ; however, subsequent audiograms returned to baseline. CONCLUSIONS. The use of hyperbaric oxygen for children with radiation-induced bone and soft tissue complications is safe and results in few significant adverse effects. It is a potentially valuable tool both in the prevention and treatment of radiation-related complications.