NIMS University

About: NIMS University is a education organization based out in Jaipur, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicine & Health care. The organization has 382 authors who have published 310 publications receiving 1981 citations. The organization is also known as: National Institute of Medical Sciences.

Prevalence and antibiogram of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram negative bacilli and further molecular characterization of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Resistance to a wide variety of common antimicrobials has made the proliferation of Extended spectrum β-lactmase (ESBL) producing strains a serious global health concern that has complicated treatment strategies. The high proportion of ESBL producers among the Enterobacteriaceae and the complex molecular epidemiology with diverse types of ESBL genes are alarming. This study was undertaken to identify ESBL production in various Gram negative bacilli isolated and to further characterize ESBL producers among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp by PCR, which were initially screened by phenotypic method. Materials and Methods: A total of 722 isolates of Gram negative bacilli were isolated. Presence of ESBL positivity was detected using the double disk synergy test (DDST). Their antibiogram was studied. PCR analysis for β-lactamase (bla) genes of the family TEM, SHV and CTX-M was also carried out using designed primers in 20 ESBL isolates each of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Results: Among 722 Gram negative bacilli isolated 379 (52.49%) were ESBL producers. The major source of ESBL producers were respiratory tract samples, highest ESBL production was observed in Klebsiella sp. (67.04%). Resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics was observed among ESBL producers. Among ESBL producing genes prevalence of bla-CTX-M (82.5%) was highest, followed by bla-TEM (67.5%) and bla-SHV (57.5%) in the present study. The frequency of ESBL producing strains among clinical isolates has been steadily increasing. Advance drug resistance surveillance and molecular characteristics of ESBL isolates is necessary to guide the appropriate and judicious antibiotic use.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and gender differences

Abstract: In a comparative study, involving 500 subjects with 294 males and 206 females aged 30 years and above, data were collected from NIMS (National Institute of Medical Sciences) hospital and research centre and controls from the general population whose age and sex were matched with subjects during the years 2010 - 2011. Metabolic syndrome was present both in women and men corresponding to 29% and 23% of the women's and men's sample, respectively. The prevalence was higher in women than in men. In women, elevated BMI, low HDL cholesterol, increased waist circumference and hyperglycemia were significantly larger contributors to the metabolic syndrome while in men these were hypertension and elevated triglycerides. The contribution of several metabolic components to the metabolic syndrome is different in men and women. This might contribute to gender specific differences in the relative risk of metabolic complications such as insulin resistance.

Thermal studies on natural polysaccharide

Abstract: Objective To characterize thermal property of natural gums obtained from the seeds of Diospyros melonoxylon ( D. melonoxylon ) Roxb, Buchanania lanzan ( B. lanzan ) spreng and Manilkara zapota ( M. zapota ) (Linn.) P. Royen syn. Methods Natural gums were thermally characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) under nitrogen atmosphere. Major thermal transitions as well as activation energies of the major decomposition stages were determined. Elemental analysis was performed in order to determine the composition of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. Results DSC traces indicated a major intense exothermic transition (around 200 °C) followed by weaker exotherm(s). Thermogravimetric analysis showed two phase of weight loss. The first phase has minor weight loss in samples is attributed to the loss of adsorbed and structural water of biopolymers or due to desorption of moisture as hydrogen bound water to the saccharide structure. The second weight loss event may be attributed to the polysaccharide decomposition. The initial decomposition temperature (IDT) was calculated from thermograms obtained of TGA, seed Polysaccharide of D. melonoxylon (IDT 221.21 °C), B. lanzan (IPDT 170.4 °C) and M. zapota (IPDT 178.6 °C) were obtained. According to the integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) values calculated based on the TGA thermograms; D. melonoxylon (IPDT 563.3 °C), B. lanzan (IPDT 598.1 °C) and M. zapota (IPDT 600.6 °C) were obtained respectively. The elemental analysis study shows that the isolated natural Polysaccharides consist of certain percentage of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and hydrogen in all the gums. Conclusions The results of the present investigation reveal that the natural gums are thermally stable and these gums can be used as release modifiers in various dosage forms.