Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology

About: Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Ultimate tensile strength. The organization has 846 authors who have published 644 publications receiving 2702 citations.

Carbon-Based Textile Dry and Flexible Electrodes for ECG Measurement

Abstract: The electrocardiogram signals of humans heart are usually estimated using wet silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes. These wet electrodes cannot be reused and require extra skin preparation (application of conductive gel) which may cause skin aggravation in long run, and also during measurement of the electrocardiogram signals, it enhances a common-mode noise due to loose contact with skin. Therefore, this paper proposes the design, fabrication and testing of dry electrodes for recording the ECG signals which overcomes the problems associated with wet Ag/AgCl electrodes. These electrodes are adaptable, biocompatible, reusable and conduction gel-free. Carbon paste was coated on a flexible circular polymer substrate of different diameters (E1-20 mm, E2-16 mm, E3-1 mm) to prepare dry Electrocardiogram electrodes. The conducting performance of E1, E2, E3 and Ag/AgCl electrodes was analysed by measuring the skin–electrode impedance and observed that the skin impedance is inversely proportion to the electrodes area. The skin–electrode impedance results concluded that the electrodes with the largest diameter exhibited better performance in terms of the conductivity for acquisition of quality electrocardiogram signals. The skin impedance of dry electrodes (E1, E2, E3) and Ag/AgCl electrodes was measured and compared at a common frequency of 10 Hz. The raw electrocardiogram signal detected should be pre-processed through various signal processing units to overcome the high level noise. The aim of this work is to design dry electrodes and also pre-process the signals recorded by the dry electrocardiogram electrodes which can be further used for portable applications. Also, this paper presents the working of dry electrodes and its comparison with wet Ag/AgCl electrodes for medical and research purposes.

Multimodal Data Security Framework Using Steganography Approaches

Abstract: Information or data is a very crucial resource. Hence securing the information becomes a critical task. Transfer and Communication mediums via which we send this information do not provide data security natively. Therefore, methods for data security have to be devised to protect the information from third party and unauthorized users. Information hiding strategies like steganography provide techniques for data encryption so that the unauthorized users cannot read it. This work is aimed at creating a novel method of Augmented Reality Steganography (ARSteg). ARSteg uses cloud for image and key storage that does not alter any attributes of an image such as size and colour scheme. Unlike, traditional algorithms such as Least Significant Bit (LSB) which changes the attributes of images, our approach uses well established encryption algorithm such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for encryption and decryption. This system is further secured by many alternative means such as honey potting, tracking and heuristic intrusion detection that ensure that the transmitted messages are completely secure and no intrusions are allowed. The intrusions are prevented by detecting them immediately and neutralizing them.

Design and simulation of silicon and polymer based piezoelectric MEMS microphone

Abstract: A microphone is a transducer that measures an acoustic pressure and generates an electrical output. MEMS microphones have the advantages such as compact size, high signal-to-noise ratio, high sensitivity, quick response, and long term stability. Depending on the transduction principle microphones are classified as capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, optical and micro flow. An electret condenser microphone (ECM) works on the principle of piezoelectricity. When an acoustic pressure is applied on a piezoelectric material, it vibrates and charges are accumulated on the surface of the piezoelectric material. In this paper first the stress analysis is carried out on the silicon membrane and also on SU-8 membrane in response to acoustic pressure. The location of maximum stress is determined. The analysis is repeated by depositing the PZT-5H patches in the tensile and compressive stress regions of both membranes. The simulations have been carried out using Structural Mechanics and Piezoelectric Devices (PZD)Physics in COMSOL Multiphysics.

Design and simulation of readout circuit for mems sensor

Abstract: Output from any MEMS Sensor usually lacks the power that can be fed directly to any interface circuit. Hence there is a need to add additional circuitry in between the output of the MEMS sensor and the interface circuit. In this paper the authors have compared two combinations of modulator / demodulator circuitry which can be used in the readout circuitry for any MEMS sensors. The two combinations are Gilbert multiplier as modulator and demodulator and the second one is Gilbert Multiplier as Modulator and Chopper circuit as demodulator. A detailed analysis of the two combinations is presented in the paper. The simulations were carried out using gpdk 350nm technology file in Cadence tool. The layout has been generated for each block and DRC and back annotation has been done to note overall circuit delay as 118ns.