Showing papers by "North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology published in 2011"

Trends in temperature, diurnal temperature range and sunshine duration in Northeast India

Abstract: Trends in maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin) and mean (Tmean) temperatures; diurnal temperature range (DTR = Tmax − Tmin); and sunshine duration at eight sites in Northeast (NE) India were investigated. Three sites observed decreasing trends in DTR corresponding to annual, seasonal (pre-monsoon and monsoon) and monthly (September) time scales. On the other hand, DTR increases were also observed at other three sites in monsoon and post-monsoon seasons as well as in the months of June, October and December. The sites showing DTR decreases (increases) witnessed either increasing trends in Tmin (Tmax) or decreasing trends in Tmax (Tmin), with Tmax (Tmin) showing either no trend or increasing at a smaller rate than Tmin (Tmax). Temperature remained practically trendless in winter and pre-monsoon seasons over NE India. However, temperature increases were observed in monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Decreasing trends in sunshine duration were observed mainly on annual, seasonal (winter and pre-monsoon) and monthly (January, February and March) time scales. Concomitant decreases in sunshine duration may be one of the potential causes of the observed DTR decreases over NE India. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society

Remote sensing and GIS for identification of suitable sites for soil and water conservation structures

Abstract: Formulation of a proper watershed management plan requires reliable and up-to-date information about various factors such as morphologic (size and shape of the watershed, drainage parameters, topography), soil and their characteristics, land use, and land cover, etc. that affect the behavior of a watershed. Satellite based remote sensing technology and GIS meets both the requirements of reliability and speed and are ideal tools for generating spatial information needs. In this study, a locale-specific watershed development plan was generated for the case study area of a small agricultural watershed of Karso, Hazaribagh, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1C), Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS-III) satellite data along with other datasets, e.g. existing maps and field observation data have been utilized for generating a land use/land cover map and to extract information on morphological parameters (bifurcation ratio, elongation ratio, drainage density, ruggedness number, relief ratio, and circulatory ratio) and other thematic maps which are an essential prerequisites for watershed development. Morphological parameters of subwatersheds were derived to understand its usefulness for surface water development. The conceptual framework for plan and site suitability mapping for soil and water conservation structures is developed and subsequently, these parameters were integrated with other thematic information viz., land use/cover, drainage, slope, and soil in the GIS environment to arrive at a decision regarding a suitable site for having soil and water conservation structures (nala bund, check dam, and percolation tank) in its place adopting a holistic approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Univariate modelling of monthly maximum temperature time series over northeast India: neural network versus Yule–Walker equation based approach

Abstract: The present paper has adopted an autoregressive approach to inspect the time series of monthly maximum temperature (Tmax) over northeast India. Through autocorrelation analysis the Tmax time series of northeast India is identified as non-stationary, with a seasonality of 12 months, and it is also found to show an increasing trend by using both parametric and non-parametric methods. The autoregressive models of the reduced Tmax time series, which has become stationary on removal of the seasonal and the trend components from the original time series, were generated through Yule–Walker equations. The sixth order autoregressive model (AR(6)) is identified as a suitable representative of the Tmax time series based on the Akaike information criteria, and the prediction potential of AR(6) is also established statistically through Willmott's indices. Subsequently, autoregressive neural network models were generated as a multilayer perceptron, a generalized feed forward neural network and a modular neural network. An autoregressive neural network model of order four (AR-NN(4)), in the form of a modular neural network (MNN), has performed comparably well with that of AR(6) based on the high values of Willmott's indices and the low values of the prediction error. Therefore, AR-NN(4)-MNN will be a better option than AR(6) to forecast a time series, i.e. the monthly Tmax time series of northeast India, because AR-NN(4)-MNN requires fewer predictors for a superior forecast of a time series. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society

Development of artificial neural network models for the performance prediction of an inclined plate seed metering device

Abstract: Seed planting equipment with inclined plate seed metering devices is the most commonly used equipment for planting of peanut crop in India. For obtaining the high yield, it is very essential to drop the peanut seeds in rows maintaining accurate seed rate and seed spacing with minimum damage to seeds during metering. This mainly depends on the forward speed of the planting equipment, rotary speed of the metering plate and the area of cells on the plate. The relationship between these factors and the performance parameters viz., seed rate, seed spacing and percent seed damage can be established using regression analysis. But they may not be very accurate and consistent throughout the solution space. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to develop the feed forward artificial neural network (ANN) models for the prediction of the performance parameters of an inclined plate seed metering device. The data were generated in the laboratory by conducting experiments on a sticky belt test stand provided with a seed metering device and an opto-electronic seed counter. The generated data was used to develop both statistical and neural network models. The optimum architecture of the neural network models was determined using genetic algorithm (GA) as a single objective constrained optimization problem. The performance of the developed models was compared among themselves for 4 randomly generated test cases. The results show that the ANN model predicted the performance parameters of the seed metering device better than the statistical models. It is possible to determine the optimum levels of the input parameters to obtain the desired performance parameters of the seed metering device by performing reverse mapping of the developed ANN models.

TraceGray: An application-layer scheme for intrusion detection in MANET using mobile agents

Abstract: Many intrusion detection algorithms have been proposed to detect network attacks on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET). Most of such proposals require extensive modifications to routing algorithms or lower layers which might not be always feasible in practice. This paper proposes a simple but non-trivial scheme TraceGray, that uses mobile agents (MA) to carry out intrusion detection in a MANET without modifying either the underlying routing algorithms or other layers like the datalink layer. TraceGray works only in the application layer and detects multiple gray holes in a DSR protocol based MANET, while traversing the network from a given source to a destination. Since mobile agents work in the application layer, our approach requires no changes to any existing routing protocols or lower layers and is essentially protocol independent. The ns-2 based implementation show successful detection of multiple gray holes in networks with moderate mobility.

Design of a Low Power High Speed ALU in 45nm Using GDI Technique and Its Performance Comparison

Abstract: The paper presents a low power high speed Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in 45 nm technology using Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) technique and its performance comparison with CMOS and nMOS Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) techniques. The simulated results revealed better performance characteristics of various logic and arithematic functions of a 1-bit ALU using GDI techniqueas compared to conventional CMOS and nMOS PTL techniques. GDI technique allows reducing power dissipation and delay while maintaining low complexity of logic design. MICROWIND and DSCH 3.1 EDA tools were used for the schematic layout and simulation of ALU using BSIM4 model.

DWT and SVD based image watermarking scheme using noise visibility and contrast sensitivity

Abstract: This paper presents a robust and imperceptible methodology of watermark embedding in the transform domain using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The robustness is brought about by hiding the watermark in the Eigen values after computing the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on low frequency sub-band after DWT. While for the imperceptibility the Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) has been employed here along with the Noise Visibility Function (NVF). Human beings are sensitive to visual contrasts so CSF is used to take care of that while NVF characterizes the local image properties of texture, edge and smoothness to determine the optimal watermark locations and strength at the wavelet sub-bands for watermark embedding. The algorithm has been tested on 16 metrics out of which 10 are for imperceptibility and 6 for robustness for some popular attacks and the result has been found encouraging.

Flood Inundation Modeling Using Nakagami- m Distribution Based GIUH for a Partially Gauged Catchment

Abstract: Flood inundation extent is highly dependent on intensive rainfall and topography of floodplain. This paper presents a study to develop a flood inundation model for partially gauged upper Ganga catchment. For design flood computations, 100-year return period of 1 h duration rainfall is adopted. This is obtained by intensity duration frequency (IDF) relationship based on Self Recording Rain Gauge (SRRG) data of the study area. The SCS-CN method is used for rainfall excess computations. The Nakagami-m distribution has been used to compute Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) of different sub-catchments of upper Ganga river system because of non-availability of observed hydrograph. Routing of the hydrograph has been done by the Kinematic Wave (KW) approach. KW equations have been solved through Preissmann implicit method. The most sensitive KW parameters (i.e. overland roughness and channel roughness) have been estimated for a stretch on river Bhagirathi, a tributary of river Ganga. Nakagami-m distribution based GIUHs have been fed at the upper (i.e. input to the proposed model) as well as at downstream point (i.e. output to the proposed model) of that river stretch. Consequently, KW parameters have been calibrated by comparing the computed hydrograph with output hydrograph. Validation of estimated KW parameters has been carried out in the catchment of river Alaknanda which is another significant tributary of river Ganga. Thereafter, adopted KW parameters have been applied to calculate the design flood peak at the outlet of study area i.e. downstream of Haridwar city. Computations of overtopping water above the natural levees downstream of Haridwar city have been carried out considering the levee as broad crested weir. Topographic features of the floodplain have been obtained from freely available Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. Finally, extents of submerged areas in different flood hours corresponding to design rainfall have been developed by ArcGIS 9.2 software.

Phase Transition Studies of 6.O12O.6 and 7.O6O.7 Using Density Measurements

Abstract: The symmetric liquid crystal dimer homologous series, α,ω-bis-(4-n-alkylaniline benzylidene-4′-oxy) alkanes, show a rich variety of smectic polymorphism. We report here the nature of different transitions exhibited by two of these dimers using density measurements as a function of temperature. The compound 6.O12O.6 exhibits only nematic phase; while 7.O6O.7 exhibits smectic A and smectic F phases. All the phase transitions studied viz., isotropic – nematic, isotropic – smectic A, and smectic A – smectic F are confirmed to be of first order nature. The calculated density jumps, thermal expansion coefficient data and pressure dependence of transition temperatures are analysed in the light of available literature data.

Lysimeter based crop coefficients for estimation of crop evapotranspiration of black gram (Vigna Mungo L.) in sub-humid region

Abstract: Black gram is dominant pulse crop of the region. ?Crop coefficient is an important parameter, which needs to be determined for accurate estimates of the crop water requirement. ?Crop coefficient, the ratio of potential crop evapotranspiration to reference evapotranspiration, is an important parameter in irrigation planning and management. ?However, this information is not available for many important crops in the study region. ?A study was undertaken to develop crop coefficients for black gram crop, and a comparison is made of single and dual crop coefficient approaches to estimate actual crop evapotranspiration under the climatic conditions of Udaipur, India. ?Crop coefficient was developed from daily measured black gram evapotranspiration (ETBG) data by electronic weighing lysimeter and reference evapotranspiration calculated using standard Penman-Monteith method. ?The measured values of crop coefficient for the crop were 0.48, 1.18 and 0.33 during initial, mid-season and late-season stages. ?The evaluation of different approaches showed that daily ET BG estimate based on dual crop coefficient method have been found best (SE=0.40, r=0.96).? Furthermore, a quadratic curve (second-order polynomial) method were fitted well (SE=0.47, r=0.94) to predict crop coefficient values as function of days after sowing (DAS).? These locally developed and evaluated values can be used for proper irrigation planning in water scarcity area of Udaipur and other areas with similar agro-ecological conditions. Keywords: lysimeter, evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, electronic weighing lysimeter, reference evapotranspiration, black gram ( Vigna Mungo L. ), irrigation DOI: 10.3965/j.issn.1934-6344.2011.04.050-058 ? Citation: Pankaj K Pandey, Vanita Pandey. ?Lysimeter based crop coefficients for estimation of crop evapotranspiration of black gram ( Vigna Mungo L .) in sub-humid region. ?Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2011; 4(4): 50

Wood anatomical variations in some species of Quercus of Meghalaya

Abstract: The main aim of present study is to gather original information on anatomical features and variations in dimensions of wood elements of some Quercus species of Meghalaya. All species of Quercus show diffuse porous wood with indistinct growth rings except Q. acutissima which shows tendency towards semi ring porous and Q. semiserrata with fairly distinct growth rings. Vessels are solitary or radial multiple of two arranged in radial or diagonal pattern. All species of Quercus show presence of scalariform perforation plates and vasicentric tracheids. Aggregate rays are present only in Q. acutissima where as Q. lanceofolia and Q. semiserrata show the presence of multiseriate rays. Both homocellular and heterocellular rays are present in Quercus species except Q. acutissima and Q. fenestrata which show only heterocellular rays. Axial parenchyma is apotracheal diffuse in all species except Q. acutissima that shows diffuse in aggregate, banded and unilateral paratracheal parenchyma in addition to apotracheal diffuse. Chambered crystals are present in Q. dealbata and Q. fenestrata.Tissue proportion of different wood elements shows that fiber percentage is maximum in all species. Variance ratio (F test) indicates that there are statistically significant differences in wood elements dimension namely fiber length, fiber diameter, vessel diameter, vessel density and wood density. Also a positive and significant correlation exists between fiber diameter and wall thickness while other parameters are not correlated with each other.

Luffa aegyptiaca (Gourd) Fruit Juice as a Source of Peroxidase

Abstract: Peroxidases have turned out to be potential biocatalyst for a variety of organic reactions. The research work reported in this communication was done with the objective of finding a convenient rich source of peroxidase which could be used as a biocatalyst for organic synthetic reactions. The studies made have shown that Luffa aegyptiaca (gourd) fruit juice contains peroxidase activity of the order of 180 enzyme unit/mL. The Km values of this peroxidase for the substrates guaiacol and hydrogen peroxide were 2.0 and 0.2 mM, respectively. The pH and temperature optima were 6.5 and 60°C, respectively. Like other peroxidases, it followed double displacement type mechanism. Sodium azide inhibited the enzyme competitively with Ki value of 3.35 mM.

Cross slot multifrequency patch antennas

Abstract: Two simple single layer single feed cross slot patch antennas with air dielectric (er = 1) substrate providing multiple frequency operation is proposed.At first a cross slot rectangular patch antenna providing quad frequency operation is proposed and experimentally studied. The measured quad frequencies are 1.93, 2.57, 3.18, and 3.56 GHz. Another cross slot trapezium patch antenna providing quad frequency operation is proposed and experimentally studied. The measured quad frequencies are at 1.43, 1.81, 2.97, and 3.58 GHz. Trapezium patch antenna is found to be more compact in size and as well as reduction in resonant frequency compared to rectangular patch antenna. Measured values are in good agreement with simulated results. The measured radiation patterns at each measured resonant frequency are also shown. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:612–615, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25765

Inter species wood variation of Castanopsis species of Meghalaya

Abstract: Five species of Castanopsis namely C. armata, C. echinocarpa, C. hystrix, C. indica and C. tribuloides of Meghalaya were investigated to study the microscopic features and variation in their wood elements. It is observed that C. armata, C. hystrix and C. indica have semi ring porous wood with distinct growth rings while C. echinocarpa shows diffuse porous to semi ring porous wood with indistinct growth rings and C. tribuloides has semi ring porous to ring porous wood with distinct growth rings. Aggregate rays were observed only in C. armata. Both homocellular and heterocellular rays were present in all species. All Castanopsis species showed the presence of apotracheal diffuse, diffuse in aggregate, paratracheal scanty and vasicentric parenchyma. Tissue proportion measurements of different wood elements showed maximum percentage of fibers and minimum of parenchyma in all selected species. Mean minimum and maximum fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber wall thickness, vessel element length and vessel diameter were recorded as 1329.74 ± 9.03 (C. tribuloides)–1584.57 ± 7.79 μm (C. echinocarpa), 22.72 ± 2.76 (C. indica)–30.30 ± 7.89 μm (C. armata), 7.91 ± 1.77 (C. tribuloides)–8.95 ± 2.10 μm (C. hystrix), 722.28 ± 7.20 (C. tribuloides)–860.81 ± 13.52 μm (C. indica), 225.73 ± 29.49 (C. hystrix)–256 ± 31.06 μm (C. armata). Minimum and maximum vessel frequency were observed as 3.8 per mm2 (C. armata) and 5.2 per mm2 (C. tribuloides), while, minimum and maximum rays per mm were observed in C. hystrix and C. tribuloides. Variance ratio (F test) indicated the occurrence of significant differences among wood element dimensions except wall thickness of Castanopsis. Also, no correlation was observed between these wood elements except vessel frequency and wall thickness (r = −0.931*).

Channel capacity of adaptive transmission schemes using equal gain combining receiver over Hoyt fading channels

Abstract: Closed-form expressions for the channel capacity of an L-branch equal gain combining diversity receiver over Hoyt (Nakagami-q) fading channels is derived for adaptive transmission schemes. To obtain capacity expressions, probability density function of the combiner out put signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used. The capacity expressions are given in terms of Yacoub's integral, a general solution for which is presented in the literature recently. Further, an expression is derived for optimal cutoff SNR for the optimal power and rate adaptation scheme. A study on the effects of fading parameters and diversity order on the channel capacity of the systems for different techniques have been presented.

In-situ preparation of macrocyclic complexes of dioxomolybdenum(VI) involving a heterocyclic precursor

Abstract: Dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes [MoO2(mac)](acac)2 (where mac = tetraazamacrocyclic ligands derived from condensation of thenil with 1,2-diaminobenzene or 2,3-diaminopyridine and their reaction with β-diketones) have been prepared using dioxometal ion as kinetic template. Tentative structures of the complexes have been proposed on the basis of elemental analysis, infrared, and electronic data. All the dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes are six-coordinate octahedral ones.

ABER of dual pre-detection EGC receiver over correlated Hoyt fading channels

Abstract: Average bit error rate (ABER) performance of a dual pre-detection equal gain combining (EGC) diversity receiver has been analyzed over correlated Hoyt fading channels. Mathematical expressions for the probability density function of the receiver output signal-to-noise ratio and the ABER for binary, coherent and non-coherent modulations have been presented. Numerically evaluated results have been found to be closely matching with the computer simulation results. The ABER performance of the pre-detection EGC receiver has been compared with the maximal ratio combining receiver for different modulation schemes.

Hybrid image watermarking scheme using SVD and PDFB based contourlet transform

Abstract: Copyright protection of intellectual property is a very large and growing business. This is due to the easier availability of all multimedia data with just a click of a mouse, resulting to the increase of piracy. Watermarking is one of the popular methods of authentication to help protect intellectual property rights. Of the various forms of multimedia data image is one of the most popular variant. Here a method of digital image watermarking is presented using singular value decomposition (SVD) which one of the very popular mathematical computation tools. Along with it a lot of transforms have been used earlier like discrete wavelet transform (DWT), DCT, Fourier transform, etc. to provide hybrid techniques. But here an unconventional transform introduced in the middle of this decade, called contourlet transform (CT) has been used. This transform being similar to DWT fits well to provide a robust watermarking scheme along with the SVD. Here the combination of pyramidal and directional filter bank (PDFB) in CT has been used.

Spread Spectrum Embedding of Colluder Traceable Codeword in Multimedia

Abstract: With digital multimedia distribution, intellectual property rights (IPR) are at a more risk than ever, due to the possibility of unlimited copying without fidelity loss. Encryption and copy protection mechanisms do not fully efficiently deal with the issue. Encryption usually protects the data only on the transport channel, and as soon as the data are decrypted for exhibit or playback, they can be copied. Copy protection mechanisms are difficult to realize in open systems as data are open to all. Thus, both encryption and copy protection offer only limited security. Watermarking has been proposed as a last line of defense in the protection of IPR. Watermarking methods embed information irremovably and invisibly into the host data. The watermark typically contains information about source and recipient of the distributed data. Thus, if pirated copies of the data are distributed, it can still be determined who owns the copyright and who the original, authorized recipient was. Thus, it allows tracing back illegally produced copies of the data. In the time of watermarking it is possible to assign some unique codeword to every copy to be distributed, by which it is possible to detect any alteration made to the watermarked copy. This paper presents spread spectrum watermarking of a specially designed colluder traceable codeword with help of combinatorial design in digital image.

Channel capacity of adaptive receivers with L-SC systems in Hoyt (Nakagami-q) fading channels

Abstract: Capacity expressions are derived for L-branch selection combining diversity systems over Hoyt (Nakagami-q) fading channels for adaptive transmission technique. To obtain the capacity expressions probability density function of the receiver out put signal-to-noise ratio is used. A study on the effects of fading parameter and diversity order on channel capacity have been presented for different adaptive transmission techniques. Also, a comparison of channel capacity has been done with maximal ratio combining receiver.

Effect of load level on the performance of a biodiesel run dual fuel CI engine using second law analysis

Abstract: With the continuous depletion of petroleum fuel and the contribution of these fuels to pollute the environment, use of petroleum-based fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable. A huge research is going on through out the world to search for suitable and environmental friendly alternative sources of these fossil fuels. The demand for biodiesel as one of the alternative sources of fuel is increased very rapidly. The performance results obtained from a single cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine operating on diesel and biodiesel-diesel dual fuel mode are presented in this paper. The dual fuel performance has been compared with neat diesel at various load level varying from 1 kg to 10 kg with almost steady engine speed of 1500 rpm and compression ratio of 17.5. The second law analysis also called `Exergy' analysis has been performed for both diesel and dual fuel mode at different loads. The second law analysis includes brake work, coolant heat transfer, exhaust losses and exergy efficiency. The data are recorded using a computerized engine test rig. Results indicates that within the range of parameters studied here, it is possible to achieve a maximum of about 20% diesel substitution using dual fuel mode under same working condition and without any engine modification.

Performance of L-MRC Receiver over Equally Correlated Hoyt Fading Channels

Abstract: Performance of an L branch maximal ratio combining receiver has been analyzed in equally correlated Hoyt fading channels. For the combiner output signal-to-noise ratio, analytical expressions for the probability density function, its average value, nth moment and outage probability have been obtained. Further, for the MRC receiver, expressions for average bit error rate for binary, coherent, and noncoherent modulations have been presented. Both numerical evaluation and computer simulation results have been generated to validate analytically obtained expressions. Numerical results have been plotted to illustrate the effect of channel correlation and L on the receiver performance.

On the implementation of a information hiding design based on saliency map

Abstract: In this paper, an adaptive spatial domain image watermarking scheme is proposed which embeds watermark information to the uneven bit depth salient image pixels. Watermarked image thus produced has better visual transparency with respect to human visual system (HVS) with high payload capacity. In proposed scheme, salient pixels are determined using the bottom-up Graph-Based Visual Saliency (GBVS) model. Experimental results reveal that proposed scheme has less perceptual error as well as improved robustness than existing spatial domain embedding scheme.

Tensile properties of ultrafine grained Mg-3%Al alloy studied at elevated temperature

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the tensile behavior of ultrafine grained Mg-3%Al alloy. The bulk ultrafine grained Mg alloy was synthesized via consolidation of mechanical alloying. The grain size of the sample was calculated from X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. Tensile properties of ultrafine grained samples tested at temperatures of 25°C to 250°C are compared with that of a coarse grain microcrystalline sample. Plastic deformation of the ultrafine grained sample exhibits a combination of work hardening (15–48% plastic strain) and perfect plastic behavior characterized by a constant flow stress. At room temperature, the sample showed a gain in strength of about two times and enhanced ductility compared to the microcrystalline sample. The strain rate sensitivity was observed to be three times higher in the present ultrafine grained sample. A stress drop with increasing test temperatures was observed in both the samples. The effect of temperature on flow behavior in te...

A VLSI Based Scheme for Implementation of BIBD

Abstract: Combinatorial design theory is an area of combinatorics that is devoted to studying the problem of selecting subsets of object from a larger set of objects such that certain relationships between these subsets are satisfied. BIBD pattern is useful in vast areas like agriculture, education, and consumer product evaluation experiment, error control coding, digital finger-printing, water-marking and also they are used in organ metallic and biological field too. Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating integrated circuits by combining thousands of transistor-based circuits into a single chip, which involves packing more and more logic devices into smaller and smaller areas. This chip gives relax to the software by minimizing a part of execution of software. Here VLSI design methodology is used to fit a circuit for balanced incomplete block design (BIBD). Our proposed scheme generates and simulates a BIBD patterns.

1 GB at 1 MBPS: Cost of information society

Abstract: This paper provides a snapshot of costs involved in a domestic internet connection in the developing world to understand the basis of the growth of information society. Using data taken from various internet service providers and converting it to US Dollars using both direct conversion rate as well as purchasing power parity, the cost of net from an individual's point of view is analysed. The study suggests that basic internet is still costly in major parts of world to encourage meaningful growth of information society.