Showing papers by "Ohio State University published in 1990"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze a firm owned by atomistic shareholders who observe neither cash flows nor management's investment decisions and find that management is forced to invest too little when cash flow is low and too much when it is high.
3,687 citations
TL;DR: A historical overview of the field of organizational justice can be found in this article, with a focus on research and theory in the distributive justice tradition as well as the burgeoning topic of procedural justice.
3,138 citations
TL;DR: The VAS method has potential utility for the measurement of a variety of clinical phenomena of interest to nurse investigators and conceptual, psychometric, and statistical aspects of the VAS are considered.
Abstract: Visual analogue scales (VAS) have been used in the social and behavioral sciences to measure a variety of subjective phenomena. The VAS method has potential utility for the measurement of a variety of clinical phenomena of interest to nurse investigators. In this review a description of the various forms of the VAS and an historical overview of their development are presented. In addition, conceptual, psychometric, and statistical aspects of the VAS are considered. Finally, strengths and limitations of the VAS method are addressed.
2,336 citations
TL;DR: This article provides an in-depth review of the two most common forms of familial colorectal cancer, and the identification of those at risk and the use of appropriate colonoscopic screening.
1,921 citations
TL;DR: This article found that when the basis for the pay cuts was thoroughly and sensitively explained to employees, feelings of inequity were lessened, and the theft rate was reduced as well.
Abstract: Employee theft rates were measured in manufacturing plants during a period in which pay was temporarily reduced by 15%. Compared with pre- or postreduction pay periods (or with control groups whose pay was unchanged), groups whose pay was reduced had significantly higher theft rates. When the basis for the pay cuts was thoroughly and sensitively explained to employees, feelings of inequity were lessened, and the theft rate was reduced as well. The data support equity theory's predictions regarding likely responses to underpayment and extend recently accumulated evidence demonstrating the mitigating effects of adequate explanations on feelings of inequity.
1,648 citations
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) as discussed by the authors is a standardized measure of memory function that was developed to evaluate patients' memory functions in relation to their other cognitive abilities, and has been widely accepted as a standard for memory assessment.
Abstract: In 1945 David Wechsler published the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) as “a rapid, simple, and practical memory examination” (p. 87). His explicit purpose was to develop a quantitative scale that would assist clinicians in evaluating patients’ memory functions in relation to their other cognitive abilities. While the WMS was never intended to be a comprehensive measure of memory function, it was widely accepted and quickly became the clinical standard for memory assessment. Despite a long list of conceptual and psychometric issues that arose over the years concerning the content and structure of the WMS (Erickson & Scott, 1977; Prigatano, 1978), it has remained the most frequently used standardized measure of memory function (Chelune, Ferguson, & Moehle, 1986; Seretny, Dean, Gray, & Hartlage, 1986).
1,619 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990TL;DR: Elements of Satellite Surveying The Global Positioning System Adjustment Computations Least Squares Adjustment Examples Links to Physical Observations The Three-Dimensional Geodetic Model GPS Observables Propagation Media, Multipath, and Phase Center Processing GPS Carrier Phases Network Adjustments Ellipsoidal and Conformal Mapping Models Useful Transformations Datums, Standards, and Specifications Appendices References Abbreviations for Frequently Used References Indexes as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Elements of Satellite Surveying The Global Positioning System Adjustment Computations Least-Squares Adjustment Examples Links to Physical Observations The Three-Dimensional Geodetic Model GPS Observables Propagation Media, Multipath, and Phase Center Processing GPS Carrier Phases Network Adjustments Ellipsoidal and Conformal Mapping Models Useful Transformations Datums, Standards, and Specifications Appendices References Abbreviations for Frequently Used References Indexes.
1,569 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model of grocery shopper response to price and other point-of-purchase information was developed and hypotheses were tested by using observations and interviews, and the findings suggest that shopper...
Abstract: A model of grocery shopper response to price and other point-of-purchase information was developed and hypotheses were tested by using observations and interviews. The findings suggest that shopper...
1,118 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a connectionist architecture which automatically develops compact distributed representations for variable-sized recursive data structures, as well as efficient accessing mechanisms for them.
884 citations
TL;DR: Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a newly recognized disease that occurs in some patients with lymphoproliferative neoplasms and occasionally, solid tumors that shares clinical and histologic features with erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and pemPHigus vulgaris.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS We describe five patients with underlying neoplasms in whom painful mucosal ulcerations and polymorphous skin lesions developed, usually with progression to blistering eruptions on the trunk and extremities. Histologic examination showed vacuolization of epidermal basal cells, keratinocyte necrosis, and acantholysis. Immunofluorescence testing revealed atypical pemphigus-like autoantibodies in perilesional epithelium and serum from all five patients. We studied the antigenic specificities of the autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, using extracts of 14C-labeled human keratinocytes. IgG purified from the serum of one patient was passively transferred to four neonatal mice to test for pathogenicity. RESULTS Immunofluorescence testing showed that the autoantibodies bound to the surface of tissues containing desmosomes, including complex and simple epithelia, and myocardium. An identical and unique complex of four polypeptides with molecular weights of 250, 230, 210, and 190 was immunoprecipitated by all serum samples. The 250-kd polypeptide comigrated with desmoplakin I (a protein found in the desmosomes of all epithelia), and the 230-kd antigen comigrated with the antigen of bullous pemphigoid. Cutaneous blisters, a positive Nikolsky's sign, and epidermal and esophageal acantholysis developed in all mice into which the autoantibody was injected. Electron microscopy showed epidermal acantholysis similar to lesions of experimentally induced pemphigus vulgaris. CONCLUSION These five patients with cancer had a novel acantholytic mucocutaneous disease characterized by autoantibodies that were pathogenic after passive transfer. The autoantibodies from these patients reacted with an antigen complex composed of desmoplakin I and the 230-kd antigen of bullous pemphigoid and two as yet unidentified epithelial antigens. We suggest the term "paraneoplastic pemphigus" for this disease.
830 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that the more attention media pay to a particular domain, the more the public will incorporate what they know about that domain into their overall judgment of the president, and that intervention in Central America loomed larger in the public's assessment of President Reagan's performance after the Iran-Contra disclosure than before.
Abstract: The disclosure that high officials within the Reagan administration had covertly diverted to the Nicaraguan Contras funds obtained from the secret sale of weapons to Iran provides us with a splendid opportunity to examine how the foundations of popular support shift when dramatic events occur. According to our theory of priming, the more attention media pay to a particular domain—the more the public is primed with it—the more citizens will incorporate what they know about that domain into their overall judgment of the president. Data from the 1986 National Election Study confirm that intervention in Central America loomed larger in the public's assessment of President Reagan's performance after the Iran-Contra disclosure than before. Priming was most pronounced for aspects of public opinion most directly implicated by the news coverage, more apparent in political notices' judgments than political experts', and stronger in the evaluations of Reagan's overall performance than in assessments of his character.
TL;DR: A new competitive-learning algorithm based on the “conscience” learning method is introduced that is shown to be efficient and yields near-optimal results in vector quantization for data compression.
TL;DR: It is revealed that the literature has not progressed sufficiently beyond articulating the major issues in manufacturing strategy and three causes are identified: a paucity of theory construction, little empirical research, and insufficient efforts in adopting ideas and methods from related fields.
Abstract: Traditionally, research in manufacturing strategy has not explicitly recognized the distinction between process and content research. In this paper, however, separate conceptual models for process and content are extracted from the literature. These models are used to: (1) articulate the distinction between process and content research; (2) synthesize the predominant process and content models; (3) evaluate the existing research; and (4) propose future research directions from both a process and content perspective. The research reported in this paper reveals that the literature has not progressed sufficiently beyond articulating the major issues in manufacturing strategy. Three causes for this lack of progress are identified: (1) a paucity of theory construction; (2) little empirical research; and (3) insufficient efforts in adopting ideas and methods from related fields.
TL;DR: The growth characteristics and acetate production of several Escherichia coli strains were compared by using shake flasks, batch fermentations, and glucose-feedback-controlled fed-batch fermentations to assess the potential of each strain to grow at high cell densities and indicated that the growth of the E. coli strains was likely to be inhibited by the acetate they produced when grown on media containing glucose.
Abstract: The growth characteristics and acetate production of several Escherichia coli strains were compared by using shake flasks, batch fermentations, and glucose-feedback-controlled fed-batch fermentations to assess the potential of each strain to grow at high cell densities. Of the E. coli strains tested, including JM105, B, W3110, W3100, HB101, DH1, CSH50, MC1060, JRG1046, and JRG1061, strains JM105 and B were found to have the greatest relative biomass accumulation, strain MC1060 accumulated the highest concentrations of acetic acid, and strain B had the highest growth rates under the conditions tested. In glucose-feedback-controlled fed-batch fermentations, strains B and JM105 produced only 2 g of acetate.liter-1 while accumulating up to 30 g of biomass.liter-1. Under identical conditions, strains HB101 and MC1060 accumulated less than 10 g of biomass.liter-1 and strain MC1060 produced 8 g of acetate.liter-1. The addition of various concentrations of sodium acetate to the growth medium resulted in a logarithmic decrease, with respect to acetate concentration, in the growth rates of E. coli JM105, JM105(pOS4201), and JRG1061. These data indicated that the growth of the E. coli strains was likely to be inhibited by the acetate they produced when grown on media containing glucose. A model for the inhibition of growth of E. coli by acetate was derived from these experiments to explain the inhibition of acetate on E. coli strains at neutral pH.
TL;DR: In this article, a solution to the problem of robustness optimization in the gap metric is presented, and the least amount of combined controller uncertainty that can cause instability of a nominally stable feedback system is determined.
Abstract: The application of the gap metric to robust stabilization of feedback systems is considered. In particular, a solution to the problem of robustness optimization in the gap metric is presented. The problem of robust stabilization under simultaneous plant-controller perturbations is addressed, and the least amount of combined plant-controller uncertainty, measured by the gap metric, that can cause instability of a nominally stable feedback system is determined. Included are a detailed summary of the main properties of the gap metric and the introduction of a dual metric called the T-gap metric. A key contribution of this study is to show that the problem of robustness optimization in the gap metric is equivalent to robustness optimization for normalized coprime factor perturbations. This settles the question as to whether maximizing allowable coprime factor uncertainty corresponds to tolerating the largest ball of uncertainty in a well-defined metric. >
TL;DR: In this article, the potential benefits and risks of involvement in supply chain management/partnership relationships are discussed from the perspective of both the shipper and the service provider (warehousers and transportation firms).
Abstract: The paper begins with an overview of some of the forces that have shaped supply chain management and partnership relationships Next the potential benefits and risks of involvement in supply chain management/partnership relationships are discussed from the perspective of both the shipper and the service provider (warehousers and transportation firms) Results from a major survey of shippers, warehousers and transportation providers are used to illustrate the risks and benefits Means of minimizing the potential risks are also suggested The paper concludes with a discussion of issues in supply chain management that would benefit from further analysis and research These issues include determination of whether a firm should use a supply chain management approach, the management structure to use in supply chain management, and modelling supply chain management systems
TL;DR: This model specifies how to determine whether a psychophysiological relation is an outcome, concomitant, marker, or invariant, and it describes important limitations in inferences of psychological significance based on physiological signals when dealing with each.
Abstract: A century has passed since the publication of William James's Principles of Psychology, yet most of the questions James raised about the relation between physiological events and molar psychological or behavioral processes, such as emotion, remain unanswered. The sluggish progress in capitalizing on physiological signals to address general psychological questions is due in part to shortcomings in the quantification of physiological sig- nals in humans and, perhaps more important, to the way in which investigators have been thinking about the re- lation between physiological signals and psychological operations. In this article, we illustrate these points, and we provide a conceptual framework to foster research and analysis of psychological phenomena based on physiolog- ical signals. Psychological operations and physiological responses are defined in terms of configural and temporal properties, and psychophysiological relations are concep- tualized in terms of their specificity (e.g., one-to-one versus many-to-one) and their generality (e.g., situation or person specific versus cross-situational and pancultural). This model yields four classes of psychophysiological relations: (a) outcomes, (b) concomitants, (c) markers, and (d) in- variants. Finally, the model specifies how to determine whether a psychophysiological relation is an outcome, concomitant, marker, or invariant, and it describes im- portant limitations in inferences of psychological signifi- cance based on physiological signals when dealing with each.
TL;DR: It is proposed that gamma-tubulin attaches microtubules to the spindle pole body, nucleatesmicrotubule assembly, and establishes microtubule polarity in vivo, and is essential for microtubULE function in general and nuclear division in particular.
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonparametric frontier approach is used to calculate the overall, technical, pure technical, allocative, and scale efficiencies for a sample of 322 independent banks, drawn from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation tapes on the Reports of Condition and Reports of Income (Call Reports) for the year 1986.
Abstract: A nonparametric frontier approach is used to calculate the overall, technical, pure technical, allocative, and scale efficiencies for a sample of 322 independent banks. The sample was drawn from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation tapes on the Reports of Condition and Reports of Income (Call Reports) for the year 1986. The results indicated a low level of overall efficiency. The main source of inefficiency was technical in nature, rather than allocative. Separate efficiency frontiers were constructed to test the effect of branching. However, the distributions of efficiency measures for branching and non-branching banks were not found to be different.
TL;DR: A poorly crystallized oxyhydroxysulfate of Fe has been identified as the primary component of ochreous precipitates from sulfate-rich mine waters having pH values in the range of 25 to 40.
TL;DR: In this paper, the psychological traits of growth oriented female and male entrepreneurs were measured and tested for significant differences, and the results showed that the psychological propensities of women and men are more similar than they are different.
TL;DR: In this paper, a digital simulation technique and the method of harmonic balance were used to develop steady state solutions for the internal sinuosidal excitations in a spur gear pair.
TL;DR: Calcium balances in adolescent females with different calcium intakes, and a 2-y intervention study of calcium supplementation were performed, suggesting that inadequate calcium intake may translate into inadequate calcium retention and a reduction in peak bone mass.
TL;DR: In a recent meta-analysis of the accumulated research on involvement and persuasion, Johnson and Eagly as discussed by the authors concluded that it was useful to distinguish between value-and outcome-relevant involvement.
Abstract: In a recent meta-analysis, Johnson and Eagly (1989) questioned our conceptualization of and evidence for the effects of involvement on persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1979, 1986). In particular, they concluded that (a) what we had termed issue involvement represented two distinct types of involvement (outcome- versus value-relevant), (b) each type of involvement had unique effects on persuasion, and (c) outcome involvement effects may be obtained only by 1 group of researchers. We argue that although 2 distinct research traditions of involvement have emerged, our original position that the 2 categories of involvement induce similar processes in persuasion situations remains viable. Evidence from Johnson and Eagly's meta-anatysis shows that as both types of involvement increase, argument quality becomes a more important determinant of attitudes. The greater message rejection found with involvement in value as compared with outcome studies can be explained in terms of confounding factors. Finally, we note that the outcome involvement effects that we reported initially have been replicated by other investigators, including Johnson and Eagly. In a recent article in this journal, Johnson and Eagly (1989) reported a meta-analysis of the accumulated research on involvement and persuasion in which they concluded that it was useful to distinguish between value- and outcome-relevant involvement.l In addition, they suggested that although effects for the first type of involvement were robust, effects for the latter type of involvement may be obtained only by one group of researchers. In this article, we question both of these conclusions and provide a brief critique of their meta-analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a new and direct method for attacking the Novikov conjecture, which yields a proof of the conjecture for Gromov's (word) hyperbolic groups.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The theoretical advantage of BCNT is that it is a two component or binary system, consisting of 10 B and thermal neutrons, which when combined together generate high LET radiation capable of selectively destroying tumor cells without significant damage to normal tissues.
Abstract: The theoretical advantage of BCNT is that it is a two component or binary system, consisting of 10 B and thermal neutrons, which when combined together generate high LET radiation capable of selectively destroying tumor cells without significant damage to normal tissues. In order for BCNT to succeed a critical amount of 10 B and a sufficient number of thermal neutrons must be delivered to individual tumor cells
TL;DR: This paper explored the cognitive and behavioral consequences of passionate concern about government policy issues and found that people whose policy attitudes are especially important to them are likely to think frequently about those attitudes, perceive competing candidates as being relatively polarized on the issue, and to form presidential candidate preferences on the basis of those attitudes.
Abstract: This article describes the findings of a program of research exploring the cognitive and behavioral consequences of passionate concern about government policy issues. American citizens vary a great deal in terms of the personal importance they attach to their attitudes on particular policy issues. Citizens whose policy attitudes are especially important to them are likely to think frequently about those attitudes, to perceive competing candidates as being relatively polarized on the issue, and to form presidential candidate preferences on the basis of those attitudes. Also, policy attitudes that citizens consider personally important are highly resistant to change and are therefore especially stable over long periods of time. The American public appears to be structured into many small issue publics, each composed of citizens who are passionately concerned about a single issue. Most Americans fall into very few issue publics, the particular ones being determined by each individual's unique self-interests, social identifications, and cherished values. The implications of these findings for the workings of democracies are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between the UV absorptivity of nine different dissolved humic substances, measured at a wavelength of 272 nm, and their aromatic C content, as determined by 13 CPMAS NMR, was evaluated.
Abstract: (...) A rapid method of estimating the aromatic C content of humic acids would be useful in studies of the fate of nonpolar organic solutes in soils and natural waters. The relationship between the UV absorptivity of nine different dissolved humic substances, measured at a wavelength of 272 nm, and their aromatic C content, as determined by 13 C CPMAS NMR, was evaluated. (...)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the contributions of several areas of conceptual literature and proposed a scheme for interpreting decisions in which a government decides to change policy direction, indicating the magnitude of the shift from minor adjustment changes, through both program and goal changes, to fundamental changes in a country's international orientation.
Abstract: We are in a period of profound change in international relations and foreign policy. These developments call attention to the state of our knowledge about change processes in governmental decisionmaking. This essay reviews the contributions of several areas of conceptual literature and proposes a scheme for interpreting decisions in which a government decides to change policy direction. Foreign policy changes can be placed on a continuum indicating the magnitude of the shift from minor adjustment changes, through both program and goal changes, to fundamental changes in a country's international orientation. These degrees of change are examined with respect to four change agents: (1) leader driven; (2) bureaucratic advocacy; (3) domestic restructuring; and (4) external shock. The phases of decisionmaking mediate between sources of change and the magnitude of change in policy. The essay concludes with an examination of propositions that suggest conditions under which the phases of decisionmaking can increase the likelihood of major change.
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of highly recurrent low-frequency sea level pressure teleconnection patterns were identified by performing rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) on a long-term (1899-1986) Northern Hemisphere gridded dataset.
Abstract: Spatial patterns of low-frequency sea level pressure (SLP) variability are identified by performing rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) on a long-term (1899–1986) Northern Hemisphere gridded dataset. The analysis is limited to the region 160°E eastward to 40°E due to missing data early in the century. The objective is to identify a comprehensive set of highly recurrent SLP teleconnection patterns; to examine some aspects of their seasonality; and to identify the associated mean winter pressure fields and cyclone frequencies occurring at times of opposite eigenvector polarity. The results are further described in the context of the Southern Oscillation and known midtropospheric teleconnection patterns. Four low-frequency variability patterns are identified over the Atlantic-European sector, including (i) the North Atlantic 0scillation (NAO), and spatial patterns with SLP variability centers over (ii) the eastern Atlantic (EATL), (iii) southern Europe and the northern Mediterranean basin (S...