Showing papers by "Ryerson University published in 1995"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on an analysis of whether or not the terms of bank credit differ between men and women business owners, based on a large sample of borrowing experiences, and find that men and...
Abstract: This paper reports on an analysis of whether or not the terms of bank credit differ between men and women business owners. Based on a large sample of borrowing experiences, it is found that men and...
221 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the Importance/Performance Analysis technique and the service gap technique to measure quality service in the hotel industry and found significant differences between management and employee perception of service auality.
Abstract: This study compared the Importance/Performance Analysis technique and the service gap technique to the measurement of quality service in the hotel industry. A 5 factor instrument was developed and administered to management and employees of 7 Toronto mid-range and luxury hotel properties in order to capture the service uroviders' ~ersuectiveo n service aualitv (N = 861). Simificant difierences between management and employee perception of service auality were found. Imulications for management usmg both techniques are discussed.
106 citations
TL;DR: Increased estimated cerebrovascular resistance, falling MFV, and constant MABP are evidence of an increase in cerebral vascular tone with falling flow, suggesting a downward shift in the cerebral autoregulation curve.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Presyncope, characterized by symptoms and signs indicative of imminent syncope, can be aborted in many situations before loss of consciousness occurs. The plasticity of cerebral autoregulation in healthy humans and its behavior during this syncopal prodrome are unclear, although systemic hemodynamic instability has been suggested as a key factor in the precipitation of syncope. Using lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to simulate central hypovolemia, we previously observed falling mean flow velocities (MFVs) with maintained mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). These findings, and recent reports suggesting increased vascular tone within the cerebral vasculature at presyncope, cannot be explained by the classic static cerebral autoregulation curve; neither can they be totally explained by a recent suggestion of a rightward shift in this curve. METHODS: Four male and five female healthy volunteers were exposed to presyncopal LBNP to evaluate their cerebrovascular and cardiovascular responses by use of continuous acquisition of MFV from the right middle cerebral artery with transcranial Doppler sonography, MABP (Finapres), and heart rate (ECG). RESULTS: At presyncope, MFV dropped on average by 27.3 +/- 14% of its baseline value (P < .05), while MABP remained at 2.0 +/- 27% above its baseline level. Estimated cerebrovascular resistance increased during LBNP. The percentage change from baseline to presyncope in MFV and MABP revealed consistent decreases in MFV before MABP. CONCLUSIONS: Increased estimated cerebrovascular resistance, falling MFV, and constant MABP are evidence of an increase in cerebral vascular tone with falling flow, suggesting a downward shift in the cerebral autoregulation curve. Cerebral vessels may have a differential sensitivity to sympathetic drive or more than one type of sympathetic innervation. Future work to induce dynamic changes in MABP during LBNP may help in assessing the plasticity of the cerebral autoregulation mechanism.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the thermodynamic performance of a water-electrolysis process for producing hydrogen, based on current-technology equipment, using both energy and exergy analyses.
69 citations
TL;DR: A new method was developed to determine correctly the normal horizontal working area curves for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of male and female populations, where the relevant anthropometric parameters were poorly correlated.
Abstract: A new model was developed for the determination of the normal horizontal working area by extending Squires' concept. The elbow not only moves freely straight ahead, but also to the right and left of the operator in describing the working area. The parametric equations developed in this research enabled us to determine working area curves which lie on both sides of the body median. Experimental results showed that the relevant anthropometric parameters were poorly correlated. A new method was developed to determine correctly the normal horizontal working area curves for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of male and female populations. When compared to the corresponding curve generated by the new method, Squires' curve for the 10th percentile male considerably overestimated the normal horizontal working area to the right of the body median and underestimated it to the left.
21 citations
TL;DR: How parents perceive the relationship with the pediatric staff nurse necessitated by the hospitalization of their child with cancer is described and the effect nursing care has on parents' hospital experiences is revealed.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, identical castings of sand, permanent mold, and lost foam processes were produced by pouring aluminum alloy A356 at 700, 750, 800, 850, and 900 °C.
14 citations
TL;DR: This paper introduces the combination of an energy-process model with the geometric distributed lag demand, called the energy-GDL process model, as well as its solution technique, and its procedure of modelling and equilibrium-seeking.
12 citations
TL;DR: Various complexities that arise in the application of legal and/or clinical criteria to the actual assessment of competence/capacity are discussed, and a particular way of understanding the nature of such criteria is recommended.
Abstract: Various complexities that arise in the application of legal and/or clinical criteria to the actual assessment of competence/capacity are discussed, and a particular way of understanding the nature of such criteria is recommended.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a macro-micro model was developed to simulate the formation of the primary and the eutectic phases in A356 alloy, and the castings were simulated using this model with a constant maximum nuclei density (constant n 0 ) and with the maximum nucleI density values obtained experimentally (varying n 0 ).
01 May 1995
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a fairly large class of transverse electric eddy current problems with rotational symmetry admits simple numerical solutions and admits analytical solutions in certain cases.
Abstract: It is shown that a fairly large class of transverse electric (TE) eddy current problems with rotational symmetry admits simple numerical solutions and admits analytical solutions in certain cases. The case of a short cylindrical shell coaxial structure with an ac line current is considered, as an example, in detail. Two possible analytical solutions are presented as well as numerical results. >
TL;DR: Findings suggest that, like their American counterparts, Canadian counsellors tend toward a practitioner bias against shorter-term treatment based on misconceptions about its efficacy.
Abstract: The American counselling/psychotherapy outcome research documenting the effectiveness or brief, time-limited treatments is substantial, however, this appears to have had little influence on changing the views of practitioners. One respected researcher has concluded, for example, that a science/practice schism has developed where practitioners continue to believe that brief counselling is superficial and to underestimate the effects of their own shorter-term work. A study was undertaken to determine if counsellors at a large urban Canadian university counselling centre also had lower expectations of change for those clients who received fewer treatment sessions. It was found that the counsellors significantly underestimated treatment gains relative to their clients' reports, and that this discrepancy was greater for those clients seen for fewer sessions. Counsellor satisfaction was also lower with clients seen for fewer sessions. These findings suggest that, like their American counterparts, Canadian counsellors tend toward a practitioner bias against shorter-term treatment based on misconceptions about its efficacy.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that Western aid is unlikely to make any significant impact on the process of reforms and stabilization of eastern Europe if it is to continue unmodified, and that donor countries lack coherent strategy and political will to devote substantial resources to the goal of stabilizing eastern Europe.
Abstract: Aid to eastern Europe is designed specifically for macro-economic stabilization and projects in infrastructure, nuclear weapons and nuclear waste disposal, improvement of the environment, training, transfer of technology and acquisition of know-how related to the functioning of democratic institutions, market economies and administrative systems. Most of these aid programmes are conditional upon adoption of far reaching economic and political reforms. Unfortunately, the donor countries lack coherent strategy and political will to devote substantial resources to the goal of stabilization of eastern Europe. Western aid is often considered in eastern Europe as overly cautious and overdue. Ethnic conflicts, the depth of economic decline and the sheer size of this region contribute to the confusion and shortsightedness of aid policies. Western aid is unlikely to make any significant impact on the process of reforms and stabilization of eastern Europe if it is to continue unmodified.
TL;DR: How Canada's first national blood donation program originated during World War II is examined, focusing on the genesis of Charles H. Best's serum project at the University of Toronto, and the federal government's decision in 1940 to sponsor it as the nation's most viable blood banking option.
Abstract: This article examines how Canada's first national blood donation program originated during World War II. It focuses on the genesis of Charles H. Best's serum project at the University of Toronto, and the federal government's decision in 1940 to sponsor it as the nation's most viable blood banking option. While Best's personal initiatives were crucial, his project's success was also a result of the larger scientific, political, and institutional circumstances of Canadian medicine. The article also analyzes why the federal government gave responsibility for blood collection to the Canadian Red Cross Society. It shows how the organization's traditional association with military medicine, its more recent involvement with community health services (including blood transfusion), and its flexible national structure suited it for this task. Moreover, Ottawa's willingness to assign this role to a volunteer agency was an indication of the structural deficiencies in Canada's primitive health-care system. The decisions of 1940 flowed from the immediate wartime pressures and individual initiatives. They reflected as well the deeper scientific, institutional, and cultural realities of the time.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a 10 percent change in two tax incentives were analysed for the chemical and pharmautical industries, and the benefits of the tax credit for physical investment (increased investment) far exceeded it costs (forgone tax revenue).
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of contract farming practices in a rural community shows how farmers have been able to maintain their incomes by maximizing the use of the limited land and labour resources.
Abstract: Within the particular context of Japanese agriculture, contract farming has become an effective way of preserving traditional agricultural forms within a highly industrialized and developed economy. This case study of contract farming practices in a rural community shows how farmers have been able to maintain their incomes by maximizing the use of the limited land and labour resources. Each contract crop, however, imposes distinctive constraints on farmers, shown by the differences in the management of tobacco and processing-tomato farms.
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence of supersonic flow of an ideal gas over planar and axisymmetric bodies is determined solely by the values of free stream Mach number, specific heat ratio of the gas and transverse-to-longitudinal curvature of the shock surface.
Abstract: For supersonic flow of an ideal gas over planar and axisymmetric bodies we consider the transonic region bounded by the sonic line, the body surface, the downstream surface of the shock wave and the limiting characteristics. Using curved shock theory, we establish the conditions under which the shock surface is (type I), or is not (type II), a boundary of the transonic region. It is found that the existence of type I or type II flow is determined solely by the values of free stream Mach number, specific heat ratio of the gas and transverse-to-longitudinal curvature of the shock surface. When the curvature ratio is greater than 1, only type II flow is possible irrespective of the specific heat ratio. When the curvature ratio is less than −2/(γ — 1) then only type I is realized. When the curvature ratio is between 1 and −2/(γ — 1) the appearance of type I or type II is determined by the free stream Mach number. With proper choice of curvatures the results apply to general, three dimensional, shock waves as well.
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the strength of wave characteristics is a complex function of specific heat ratio, the upstream Mach number and shock angle and vary directly with the shock curvature.
Abstract: The strength of characteristic waves is related to the local gradient and streamline curvature. This relationship and the equations giving the pressure gradient and streamline curvature are used to determine the relative strengths (the reflection coefficient) of characteristics just downstream of a two-dimensional curved shock wave. It is shown that the characteristics’ strengths are a complex function of the specific heat ratio, the upstream Mach number and shock angle and vary directly with the shock curvature. The reflection coefficient, which is independent of shock curvature, is used to characterise four different types of shock wave whose existence depends on the specific heat ratio of the gas and the upstream flow Mach number. The nature of reflection at the shock’s downstream surface may change up to four times and this is posed as the explanation for the inflected shocks that have been observed both experimentally and computationally. It is concluded that such approximate analytical methods as the Tangent-Wedge should not be used when strong curved shocks are present and that the nature of wave reflections behind a weak shock in air is not properly simulated by tests with helium.