Showing papers by "State University of Campinas published in 1982"
TL;DR: This paper describes an interactive software tool for long term transmission system expansion planning based on the DC power-flow model that has been implemented in the transmission department of ELETROBRAS (the holding company of the Brazilian electric sector).
Abstract: This paper describes an interactive software tool for long term transmission system expansion planning. All network synthesis is based on the DC power-flow model. The ranking of new additions is based on a "least-effort" criterion that takes into account the pattern of flow distribution in the network. An automatic network synthesis algorithm can be used for static studies. The reinforcement criterion is based on the cost/benefit analysis of "least-effort paths" in the network. Disconnected buses are conveniently handled by the superposition of a dummy network with very low transmission capacity over the actual network. Sensitivity analysis is extensively used. The program has been implemented in the transmission departmentof ELETROBRAS (the holding company of the Brazilian electric sector). Three case studies are presented and discussed.
202 citations
TL;DR: The chapter discusses that common beans contain from 18% to 35% protein, however, their biological value is much lower than expected on a protein and amino acid composition basis.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the family Leguminosae includes approximately 600 genera, with about 13,000 species. In legume seeds, the cotyledons form the bulk of the seed and synthesize most of the proteins. Research on identification and quantification of the storage proteins in beans (Phaseolus) goes back several decades. These investigators referred to three proteins in Phaseolus (phaseolin, phaselin, and conphaseolin). The chapter discusses that bean proteins were first studied by Osborne. He found that the extractable proteins were mostly globulins, a fact which was later confirmed and emphasized by other investigators, who found three globulins in Phaseolus seeds. The biological value of bean proteins in general is low as compared to most other food proteins. According to Boyd, hemagglutinating activity was first described by Stillmark in 1888 in extracts of castor bean (Ricinus communis) and the first plant lectin found to be blood group specific was from lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Proteins that inhibit a-amylases from animals and insects have been reported in a variety of plants. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are normally harvested with about 20% moisture in the seeds and dried to about 10% water content before storage or consumption. The chapter discusses that common beans contain from 18% to 35% protein, however, their biological value is much lower than expected on a protein and amino acid composition basis.
117 citations
107 citations
TL;DR: Traditional forms of guaraná agriculture practised by the Saterê-Mawé Indians compare favourably with the plantation system favoured by government agronomists, and Indigenous techniques of hand-processing guaranán are shown to produce better quality in the finished product than those practices adopted by industrial concerns.
84 citations
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an extracellular α-galactosidase of Aspergillus oryzae was induced remarkably well by the addition of soybean carbohydrate to culture medium.
Abstract: Production of extracellular α-galactosidase of Aspergillus oryzae was induced remarkably well by the addition of soybean carbohydrate to culture medium. Addition of stachyose or raffinose induced slight production. Soybean carbohydrate, stachyose, and raffinose also served well for the synthesis of invertase. Maximum hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (PNPG) by the enzyme occurred at pH 4.0, and optimum temperature for hydrolysis of PNPG was 50° C. The enzyme seemed to be stable from 30-50° C. The mixture of α-galactosidase and invertase totally hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose at 50° C, pH 4.0 in 2 hr. The mixed preparation of the enzyme substantially hydrolyzed galactooligosaccharides in soybean milk at 50° C, pH 6.3 in 2 hr.
75 citations
01 Sep 1982
TL;DR: Some aspects of stability, initialization and initial condition independence are studied, and two numerical examples are considered in order to emphasize the advantages of the given procedure: the decentralized Kalman filter and the optimal power-frequency control.
Abstract: In this paper, several aspects of decentralized control theory applied to dynamic systems are studied. First of all, some classical definitions about matricial functions and new results on gradient calculations are presented. In the following we generalize to matricial problems the method of gradient projection of Rosen. Finally, some aspects of stability, initialization and initial condition independence are studied in detail, and two numerical examples are considered in order to emphasize the advantages of the given procedure: the decentralized Kalman filter and the optimal power-frequency control.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, 14 patients with active schistosomiasis mansoni in spite of previous treatment with oxamniquine and/or hycanthone were treated with praziquantel, single oral dose of 45 to 50 mg/kg body weight.
Abstract: Fourteen patients with active schistosomiasis mansoni in spite of previous treatment with oxamniquine and/or hycanthone were treated with praziquantel, single oral dose of 45 to 50 mg/kg body-weight. All underwent clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic examination before and after treatment. Untoward effects (dizziness, drowziness, nausea and abdominal pain) were observed in ten. Laboratory findings disclosed no significant alteration and the electrocardiograms showed no abnormalities. Monthly follow-up examinations of 13 patients for six consecutive months showed parasitological cure in all. Before praziquantel treatment strains of Schistosoma mansoni were isolated from two patients, one treated three times with oxamniquine and the other with hycanthone once and oxamniquine twice. Progenies of these strains were maintained in Biomphalaria glabrata and mice. Groups of these infected mice were then treated with oxamniquine, hycanthone, niridazole and praziquantel and results compared with the BH strain maintained in our laboratory for many years. Schistosomicidal activity was assessed by the localization of worms in the portal vein system and oogram changes. Progenies from the strains isolated in this study were resistant to oxamniquine and hycanthone but sensitive to niridazole and praziquantel. The BH strain was sensitive to all four drugs. The serial runs of S. mansoni strains through intermediate and definitive hosts have not influenced their reactions to these schistosomicides.
71 citations
TL;DR: The reactivities of glucose, fructose, and sucrose with glycine at 60°C and pH 3.5, were compared over 280 hr as discussed by the authors, and it was shown that initially more fructose than glucose was consumed, but the reverse was true after 60 hr.
Abstract: The reactivities of glucose, fructose, and sucrose with glycine (1:1 molar ratio) at 60°C and pH 3.5, were compared over 280 hr. While fructose initially browned at a faster rate, it was overtaken by glucose after 80 hr. Initially more fructose than glucose was consumed, but the reverse was true after 60 hr. Sucrose was readily hydrolyzed under these reaction conditions and underwent Maillard browning reactions, its color and appearance being similar to the glucose solutions at the later stages of the experiment. Glucose and sucrose solutions developed considerable haze while the fructose-glycine solution remained clear.
64 citations
TL;DR: The discrete stochastic transportation-location problem as discussed by the authors is a mixture of the classical plant location problem and the Stochastic transportation problem, where the goal is to minimize the sum of expected holding and shortage costs, linear shipping costs, and fixed construction costs.
Abstract: The discrete Stochastic Transportation-Location Problem, a mathematical model that captures the impact of uncertainty on location decisions, is a mixture of the classical plant location problem and the stochastic transportation problem. With demand at each destination a random variable, the problem is to minimize the sum of expected holding and shortage costs, linear shipping costs, and fixed construction costs. We discuss the use of Generalized Benders Decomposition to solve the resultant mixed-integer nonlinear program; this technique yields convex stochastic transportation subprograms, whose optimal multipliers generate constraints cuts for a master integer location problem. The selection of optimal multiplier vectors likely to yield rapid convergence is emphasized. Limited computational experience is found to be encouraging.
56 citations
TL;DR: The growth of Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) larvae was compared on three different oligidic diets and mice carcass and the period of most rapid growth was different for each dietary media.
Abstract: The growth of Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) larvae was compared on three different oligidic diets and mice carcass. The following performances in terms of gain in body weight were obtained: mice carcass (61.5 mg), whole dried milk plus whole dried egg (56.5 mg), whole dried milk plus casein (56 mg) and whole dried milk (55 mg). The period of most rapid growth was also different for each dietary media. This is the first time C. chloropyga has been reared on oligidic diets.
TL;DR: From data on form dichroism it is concluded that when studying the macromolecular orientation of collagen preparations stained with azo dyes, the choice of the mounting medium deserves consideration.
Abstract: A detailed quantitative analysis of the anisotropic properties of Sirius Red F3B, Picrosirius, and Chlorantine Fast Red crystals, and of their complexes with a macromolecularly oriented protein either in a pure form or as part of a tissue structure was carried out. Collagen I was used as the protein model. Linear dichroism and dispersion of birefringence were investigated in dye aggregates, in stained filaments of collagen I and in collagen bundles in sections of tendon. A positive linear dichroism, the characteristics of which varied as a function of the dye type used, was demonstrated for the dye aggregates and stained substrates. However, even thin regions of the stained tendon collagen bundles showed very high absorbances, differing from the pattern reported previously, for collagen stained with another sulphonated azo dye, Xylidine Ponceau. Consequently, not all these dyes enable protein concentration and orientation to be determined in collagen-containing structures. From the linear dichroism patterns it is assumed that the long axis of the molecules of these azo dye is mostly parallel to that of filaments of pure collagen I and statistically parallel to the long axis of collagen bundles of tendon sections. The dye aggregates and, stained pure collagen I and tendon collagen bundles exhibited birefringent images with interference colours that varied as a function of thickness and packing state of the preparations, which is in agreement with reports in the literature. The optical retardations of the collagen bundles increased by a factor of 5–6 times after staining with Picrosirius. From data on form dichroism it is concluded that when studying the macromolecular orientation of collagen preparations stained with azo dyes, the choice of the mounting medium deserves consideration.
TL;DR: The effectiveness of alcoholic fermentation was compared by measuring alcoholic yields from various starch mashes, both cooked and uncooked, by bacterial ..cap alpha..-amylase.
Abstract: The effectiveness of alcoholic fermentation was compared by measuring alcoholic yields from various starch mashes, both cooked and uncooked. Alcohol yields from cooked and liquefied starch by bacterial ..cap alpha..-amylase were 93.9% for corn, 92.0% for cassava, 90.6% for potato, and 73.0% for babassu, whereas alcohol yields from raw starch were 90.0% for corn, 89.0% for cassava, 48.9% for babassu, and 11.4% for potato. (JMT)
TL;DR: A much higher percentage of cesarean deliveries for private patients than for other women were scheduled in advance of hospitalization, and financial considerations play an important role in these practices.
TL;DR: In particular, the authors considers the CPT operation as an actual (even if antichronous) Lorentz transformation and shows that it is possible to teach another, far observer (by transmitting only instructions, and no physical objects) their own conventions about the choices right/left, matter/antimatter, and positive/negative time direction.
Abstract: Special Relativity can be based on the whole proper group of both ortho- and antichronous Lorentz transformations, and a clear physical meaning can be given also to antichronous (i.e., nonorthochronous) Lorentz transformations. From the active point of view, the latter requires existence, for any particle, of its antiparticle within a purely relativistic, classical context. From the passive point of view, they give rise to frames “dual” to the ordinary ones, whose properties—here briefly discussed—are linked with the fact that in relativity it is impossible to teach another, far observer (by transmitting only instructions, and no physical objects) our own conventions about the choices right/left, matter/antimatter, and positive/negative time direction. Interesting considerations follow, in particular, by considering—as it is the case—theCPT operation as an actual (even if antichronous) Lorentz transformation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple procedure for obtaining stabilization of a class of continuous and discrete linear systems subjected to control structure constraints is presented, giving more attention to the so-called decentralized control.
Abstract: In this paper we present a simple procedure for obtaining stabilization of a class of continuous and discrete linear systems subjected to control structure constraints, giving more attention to the so-called decentralized control. Contrary to the continuous case where much work has been done, the solution presented here for the discrete case is one of the first to be presented. Some examples are treated and, for the continuous case, some comparisons are made with other methods found in the literature.
TL;DR: Cotton leaves can be recommended as a suitable diet for mass rearing of this insect species and it can be expected that this insect will soon become one of the important pests threatening cotton and other economic plantations in Brazil.
Abstract: Some biological effects of feeding larvae of the armyworm Spodoptera latifascia with leaves of three plant species (cotton, soybean and lettuce) have been studied. Some indicative measurements were utilized to determine the host suitability of these three plant species. Cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum) were found to be better than soybean (Glycine max) for the development and growth of this insect. Lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa) were incapable of sustaining this insect. Moreover, the stress of the latter diet was associated with a latent microbial disease, a mixed infection caused by Vairimorpha sp. and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). Cotton leaves can be recommended as a suitable diet for mass rearing of this insect species. Due to recent outbreks of S. latifascia observed in the States of Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina and Parana and because of the frequent applications of wide spectrum chemical insecticides, it can be expected that this insect will soon become one of the important pests threatening cotton and other economic plantations in Brazil.
TL;DR: Theoretical studies of photoexcitation and ionization processes in the acetylene molecule are reported in this paper, which employ Franck-Condon and static exchange approximations, and implicitly invoke vibrational and rotational closure.
TL;DR: The enzyme showed specificity for its substrates: lysine, alpha-ketoglutarate, and NADPH, and formed the reaction product saccharopine in the developing endosperm of maize.
Abstract: Lysine-ketoglutarate reductase activity was detected and characterized in the developing endosperm of maize (Zea mays L.). The enzyme showed specificity for its substrates: lysine, α-ketoglutarate, and NADPH. Formation of the reaction product saccharopine was demonstrated. The pH optimum of the enzyme was close to 7, and the Km for lysine and α-ketoglutarate were 5.2 and 1.8 millimolar, respectively.
TL;DR: Proper n-valued Łukasiewicz algebras are obtained by adding some binary operators, fulfilling some simple equations, to the fundamental operations of n-valued algesbras as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Proper n-valued Łukasiewicz algebras are obtained by adding some binary operators, fulfilling some simple equations, to the fundamental operations of n-valued Łukasiewicz algebras. They are the s-algebras corresponding to an axiomatization of Łukasiewicz n-valued propositional calculus that is an extention of the intuitionistic calculus.
TL;DR: The fact that pollen tube growth proceeds to the ovule following both compatible and incompatible pollinations suggests that the incompatibility mechanism is based on the non-fusion of gametes in the embryo sac, as in the Theohroma-type, originally known only in the related Theobroma cacao.
Abstract: Summary
The neotropical, monoecious, forest species Sterculia chicha has been shown to have flowers which are adapted for pollination by Diptera, such as medium-sized species of the sapromyo-philous genera Acroglossa, Cachliomya, Gaemnochaetopsis, Ornidia and Parasarcnphaga. Controlled pollination experiments show that the species is self-incompatible. The fact that pollen tube growth proceeds to the ovule following both compatible and incompatible pollinations suggests that the incompatibility mechanism is based on the non-fusion of gametes in the embryo sac, as in the Theohroma-type, originally known only in the related Theobroma cacao.
01 Jul 1982
TL;DR: A review of work on high resolution Auger lineshapes of metals and alloys can be found in this article, where the authors explain the nature of the process, the types of Auger spectra (i.e., band-like versus quasi-atomic), current theories and their relation to excited state electronic structure, some connections with photoemission, and the present level of understanding of available Auger data.
Abstract: Auger spectroscopy has played a fundamental role in the development of modern surface science. Its characteristics of speed and surface sensitivity permit, for example, its wide application to problems of chemical identification and concentration analysis. Basic to many of these applications is the assumption of “finger printing”, or the insensitivity of the Auger lineshape to the chemical environment. Verification of the validity of this assumption requires understanding of the lineshape. We present a review of work on high resolution Auger lineshapes of metals and alloys. By appealing to basic physical arguments, we explain, for example, the nature of the process, the types of Auger spectra (i.e., “band-like” versus “quasi-atomic”), current theories and their relation to excited state electronic structure, some connections with photoemission, and the present level of understanding of available Auger data. Among the consequences of this understanding which we will discuss is the possibility of using the Auger spectrum of a noble metal constituent of an alloy to determine some important, previously unmeasured quantities: the relative Fermi energy and dipole barrier in an alloy with respect to those in the pure noble metal.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show how the calculation of reflection and transmission of guided waves can be simplified by making the continuous part of the wave number spectrum discrete, and apply the method to the calculated reflection coefficient of TE waves of a slab waveguide.
Abstract: We show how the calculation of reflection and transmission of guided waves can be simplified by making the continuous part of the wave-number spectrum discrete. We apply the method to the calculation of the reflection coefficient of TE waves of a slab waveguide.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used HPLC and enzymatic methods of analysis to determine the soluble sugar composition of the corn kernel in a shrunken (high sugar) variety, Xtra Sweet 77, and a normal sweet variety, Jubilee, after freezing a corn-on-cob product at two levels of commercial harvest maturity.
Abstract: Soluble sugar composition of the corn kernel in a shrunken (high sugar) variety, ‘Xtra Sweet 77′, and a normal sweet variety, ‘Jubilee’ was determined after freezing a corn-on-cob product at two levels of commercial harvest maturity by HPLC and enzymic methods of analysis. Sucrose, glucose and fructose were found in measurable amounts by both methods. The less mature sample of either variety contained the higher level of each sugar, at a sucrose:glucose:fructose ratio of approximately 15:1:1 in ‘Jubilee’ and 20:1:1 in ‘Xtra Sweet 77′. Sensory evaluation showed ‘Xtra Sweet 77’ which contained nearly twice the total sugars of ‘Jubilee’ to be sweeter. Sweetness differences between maturity samples within a variety were not significant, nor was there a consistent preference shown for the higher sweetness or overall quality of the ‘Xtra Sweet 77’ samples. Sensory perception of sweetness was most highly correlated with sucrose content.
TL;DR: In this article, the volume fraction of the graphitic particles distributed among microvoids was derived for coal under heat treatment in the range 500-800°C and the effective barrier height for tunneling between grains was obtained.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the infrared reflectivity spectra of SrTiO3, at various temperatures, down to 15 K. A classical dispersion model was used to fit the reflectivity spectrum, considering both uncoupled and coupled modes.
TL;DR: These results, coupled with available biological data obtained with selectively labeled indole‐3‐acetic acid, support the hypothesis that formation of triplet indole'3‐aldehyde is at the root of the biological effects of indole•3‐ACetic acid.
Abstract: Triplet indole-3-aldehyde generated by the peroxidase catalyzed aerobic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid adds to t-RNAphe with an efficiency which can reach 20% of the theoretical value based upon the substrate. The reaction occurs with uridine groups and is of the Paterno-Buchi type. Magnesium ions reduced addition and increased the sensitized emission from the 4-thiouridine group. Our results, coupled with available biological data obtained with selectively labeled indole-3-acetic acid, support the hypothesis that formation of triplet indole-3-aldehyde is at the root of the biological effects of indole-3-acetic acid.