Showing papers by "Stockholm University published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for obtaining the coefficients in a large Cl expansion is proposed, where the expansion coefficients are obtained directly from the list of two-electron integrals by means of an iterative procedure.
468 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a test involving five different approaches to estimating the demand for a public good in a setting which permitted a real collective choice and in which each subject was committed to actual payments when relevant.
413 citations
TL;DR: During the past decade, experimental evidence has been brought forward in many laboratories that lymphocytes are capable of destroying appropriate target cells in vitro and that humoral antibodies may induce cytotoxicity of thymus-independent lymphoid cells.
Abstract: During the past decade, experimental evidence has been brought forward in many laboratories that lymphocytes are capable of destroying appropriate target cells in vitro. These cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes have been assumed to reflect their effector role in tissue damaging immune responses such as occur in allograft rejection, tumor surveillance and certain autoimmune diseases (Perlmann & Holm 1969). Lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity in vitro is complex and may involve a number of different pathways. The contention that a cytotoxic reaction is lymphocyte induced does not necessarily imply that the lymphocytes which start the reaction also are the cytotoxic effector cells, nor that the latter are lymphocytes at all. In addition, even in those instances in which there is evidence that both inducerand effector cells are lymphocytic, lymphocytes of different origin and function may participate in the cytotoxic reaction. Work with mice in alloimmune situations, involving the H2 system, has provided evidence that thymus derived lymphocytes (T-cells) are required for cytotoxicity (Blomgren et at. 1970, Cerottini et al. 1970a,b, Golstein et al. 1972a). In a few instances available data suggest that T-cells may be both inducerand effector cells (Golstein et al. I972a,b). Recent evidence also indicates that humoral antibodies may induce cytotoxicity of thymus-independent lymphoid cells (Harding et al. 1971, Van Boxel ct al.
278 citations
TL;DR: Protein B2 is an iron-containing subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, whose light absorption spectrum has similarities to that of oxyhemerythrin, but in addition shows a sharp peak at 410 nm, which would suggest that it is due to a free radical.
248 citations
TL;DR: Maintenance of lymphocyte cytotoxicity, as measured in this system, appears to require the presence of either viable tumour or tumour‐derived material, which is inhibited however by large viable tumours and also metastases.
Abstract: As tested in vitro in a microcytotoxicity assay, purified peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder have a specific destructive effect on primary cultures of autologous and allogeneic tumour target cells, as well as on bladder carcinoma cell lines. No specific effect is observed on cells derived from normal tissues or tumour cells of other histogenic origin. Serial tests made on individual patients have shown that the incidence of lymphocyte cytotoxicity varies with the clinical staging of the disease. While 88% of patients with localized tumours, stage T1-T2, have a response before treatment, the corresponding figure for those with T3-T4 stage tumours is 41%. Local radiotherapy in tumour doses of 3,500–8,400 R either destroyed or diminished existing cytotoxicity. The response remained depressed as long as irradiation was continuous. After therapy all patients with T2 stage tumour redeveloped a response, usually within 7 days. While 80% of T3 patients had cytotoxicity at this time, the incidence in T4 cases was 50%. In some T3 and T4 patients no response redeveloped after radiotherapy or conversely a response was induced by the treatment. Patients lacking cytotoxicity after therapy invariably had distant metastases and/or large residual tumours detected within 3 months. Weak post-therapy cytotoxicity was usually accompanied by development of recurrent tumour or distant metastases during a 9-month observation period; this was not seen in patients whose post-irradiation cytotoxicity was strong during this time. In the absence of viable tumour the post-irradiation response seems to wane with time. Evidence for this comes from patients tested 1-10 years after radiotherapy. Here the presence of cytotoxic lymphocytes was usually associated with viable tumour. The majority of patients clinically tumour free had no response. Maintenance of lymphocyte cytotoxicity, as measured in this system, therefore appears to require the presence of either viable tumour or tumour-derived material. This cytotoxicity is inhibited however by large viable tumours and also metastases.
Immunite cellulaire envers L'epithelioma vesical humain. I. correlation avec le stade clinique et la radiotherapie
Un test de microcytotoxicite in vitro a montre que les lymphocytes purifies du sang peripherique de malades atteints d'epithelioma vesical ont un effet destructeur specifique sur les cultures primitives de cellules-cibles de tumeurs autologues et allogeneiques, ainsi que sur les lignees cellulaires d'epithelioma vesical. Aucun effet specifique n'a ete observe sur des cellules provenant de tissus normaux ou de tumeurs d'autre origine histogene.
Une serie de tests effectues sur chaque malade a montre que l'incidence de la cytotoxicite lymphocytaire varie selon le stade clinique de la maladie. Alors que 88% des malades porteurs de tumeurs localisees aux stades T1-T2 reagissent avant le traitement, le pourcentage correspondant pour les malades atteints de tumeurs aux stades T3-T4 est de 41%.
La radiotherapie locale en doses de 3,500 a 8,400 rad a detruit ou attenue la cytotoxicite existante. La reponse est restee faible tant que la radiotherapie a ete continue. Apres le traitement, tous les malades porteurs de tumeurs au stade T2 ont developpe une nouvelle reponse, en general dans les 7 jours qui ont suivi. Alors qu'a ce moment on observait une cytotoxicite chez 80% des malades au stade T3, l'incidence etait de 50% au stade T4. Dans quelques cas T3 ou T4, aucune reponse n'est reapparue apres la radiotherapie ou bien, au contraire, le traitement a provoque une reponse.
Les malades ne presentant aucune cytotoxicite apres le traitement avaient invariablement des metastases distantes et/ou de grosses tumeurs residuelles dans les 3 mois qui suivaient. Une faible cytotoxicite post-therapie s'est generalement accompagnee du developpement de tumeurs recurrentes ou de metastases distantes au cours d'une periode d'observation de 9 mois, contrairement a ce que l'on a constate chez les malades presentant une forte cytotoxicite post-irradiation pendant cette periode.
En l'absence de tumeur viable, la reponse post-irradiation semble disparaǐtre avec le temps. La preuve en est apportee par les malades examines 2 a 10 ans apres la radiotherapie. Dans ces cas, la presence de lymphocytes cytotoxiques etait generalement associee a une tumeur viable. La majorite des malades qui, d'apres l'examen clinique, n'avaient plus de tumeurs, ne reagissaient pas.
D'apres ces observations, la persistance de la cytotoxicite lymphocytaire semble donc exiger la presence d'une tumeur viable ou d'elements d'origine tumorale. Cette cytotoxicite est cependant inhibee par de grosses tumeurs viables ainsi que par des metastases.
223 citations
TL;DR: Forty musical excerpts were judged in terms of emotionally coloured adjectives using a check-list procedure and different types of sorting procedures and nonmetric multidimensional scaling was applied.
Abstract: Wedin L. A multidimensional study of perceptual-emotional qualities in music. Scand. J. Psychol., 1972, 13, 241–257.—Forty musical excerpts were judged in terms of emotionally coloured adjectives using a check-list procedure and different types of sorting procedures. Similarities were estimated by rank correlation or simple confusion indices and nonmetric multidimensional scaling was applied. Three dimensions were txtracted and labelled Intensity-Softness, Pleasantness-Unpleasantness and Solemnity-Triviality. These qualities were then related to the stimulus qualities judged in more “technical” terms like tempo, pitch, modality etc.
187 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relation between the pH and the total amount of acid or of base respectively is studied based on chemical analyses of some 2, 000 rainwater samples, and a regular deviation is observed between the empirically found and theoretically calculated relation.
Abstract: Based on chemical analyses of some 2 000 rainwater samples, the relation between the pH and the total amount of acid or of base respectively is studied. Considering the carbon dioxide-water system the theoretical relation between pH and total amount of acid or bicarbonate is calculated. A regular deviation is observed between the empirically found and theoretically calculated relation. Starting from chemical analyses of the most important compounds in atmospheric precipitation, a quantitative hypothesis is formulated of how these compounds originally were associated with acids or bases. It is further assumed that these have netralized each other and that the system has come to an equilibrium with the carbon dioxide pressure of the atmosphere. Good agreement is obtained between the predicted amount of acid or base and the measured one, and this is taken as a clear indication of the validity of the model. This model on the stoichiometric relation between acids and bases turns out to be a useful tool both for an interpretation of the amount of acid found in precipitation and in estimating future deposition of acid by precipitation. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1972.tb01581.x
178 citations
TL;DR: The reliability of the measurements was tested and the results obtained in both groups indicated that the discriminating capacity was not affected by the disorder.
Abstract: The aim of the investigation was to study isometric biting forces at ‘maximal’ as well as at submaximal levels as defined in subjective terms. Special attention was paid to differences between subjects with and without manifest mandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (MPD). Thirty-one female subjects with manifest MPD constituted the patient group and 30 healthy females the control group. The reliability of the measurements was tested and the results obtained in both groups indicated that the discriminating capacity was not affected by the disorder. Except for the lowest force level (approximating the absolute threshold), substantial force differences between the groups were obtained. These differences increased with the force levels, and the patients generally produced only one-half to two-thirds of the forces produced by the control subjects. No significant differences were found between forces produced on the right and left sides respectively in the control group, nor were such differences found in the pa...
140 citations
TL;DR: A new type of immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) has been used for the detection of antibodies against Salmonella O antigens and the results show that ELISA is specific and highly sensitive.
Abstract: A new type of immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) has been used for the detection of antibodies against Salmonella O antigens. The results show that ELISA is specific and highly sensitive. When compared with the Widal reaction, passive hemagglutination, and quantitative precipitation, ELISA was shown to be more sensitive. In addition, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies were both detected approximately as efficiently with ELISA.
139 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the decay properties of even-mass Au isotopes obtained from the decay of on-line mass-separated Hg isotopes are presented. And the experimental data are compared with the available theoretical predictions.
127 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation of the end-point region of the tritium β-spectrum is described, and the data obtained are analyzed with regard to their implications with respect to neutrino mass and neutrinos degeneracy.
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical investigation is presented on the distribution of dry and precipitation periods at a Swedish station, and it is shown that the expected length of time from an arbitrary moment to the onset of the next precipitation period is about 90 and 35 hours for summer and winter conditions respectively.
Abstract: A statistical investigation is presented on the distribution of dry and precipitation periods at a Swedish station. It is shown that the expected length of time from an arbitrary moment to the onset of the next precipitation period is about 90 and 35 hours for summer and winter conditions respectively. Based on the results of these investigations we have derived expressions for the expected length of life of an aerosol particle in the lower layers of the troposphere. Estimates of effective precipitation scavenging coefficients give expected lengths of life of the order 100–300 hours in summer and 35–80 hours in winter. The connection between the distribution of the length of life of particles in the atmosphere and the distribution of particles on the ground away from a source, is discussed and the importance of studying such age distributions is emphasized. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1972.tb01571.x
TL;DR: The size of the l Laurate-induced type I spectral change indicates a greater extent of binding of laurate to P 450 k than of the fatty acid to the liver hemoprotein, suggesting a specificity of rat kidney cortex microsomes for laurates hydroxylation.
TL;DR: The results favour the interpretation that the maintenance of a cellular response to this tumour is dependent on the presence of tumour material in the body.
Abstract: A group of patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated by local resection or total cystectomy were studied in regard to tumour specific cytotoxicity of their lymphocytes. Only one in a group of five, treated by transurethral resection, had cytotoxic lymphocytes when tested within 1 yr after surgery. This patient alone in the group had a residual growing tumour at the time of testing. Total cystectomy in five patients led to complete disappearance of cytotoxicity in two and almost complete disappearance in a third. One patient was negative both before and after surgery. These four patients were free of macroscopic tumour when tested 4–8 weeks after surgery. The patient whose lymphocytes were strongly cytotoxic after surgery had suspected residual tumour foci in the urethra at 5 weeks after operation. Preoperative irradiation of the tumour produced a systemic response which was maintained after total cystectomy in three of four patients for at least 3–7 months. The patient who was negative when tested after cystectomy was in poor general health. All four patients were clinically tumour-free at the time of post-operative lymphocyte sampling. These results favour the interpretation that the maintenance of a cellular response to this tumour is dependent on the presence of tumour material in the body. Stimulation of the immune response measured may be produced or maintained by localized primary tumours or by material released systemically as a result of tumour necrosis.
Immunite Cellularire Envers L'epithelioma Vesical Humain. II. Effet De La Chirurgie Et De L'Irradiation Pre-Operatoire
Un groupe de malades atteints d'epithelioma vesical et ayant subi une resection locale ou une cystectomie totale a ete etudie du point de vue de la cytotoxicite specifique des lymphocytes envers la tumeur. Sur un groupe de 5 malades ayant subi une resection transuretrale, un seul sujet avait encore des lymphocytes cytotxiques un an apres la resection, Il etait aussi le seul a avoir une tumeur residulle qui se developait au monent de l'examen. Cinqu sujets ont subi une cystectomie totale qui a entraine la disparition complete de la cytotoxicite chez deux d'entre eux et une disparition presque totale chez un troisieme. Un malade etait negatif avant et apres l'operation. Aucune tumeur macroscopique n'a ete observee chez ces quatrae sujets lors d'un examen effectue 4 a 8 semaines apres l'operation. Chez le malade dont les lymphocytes etaient fortement cytotoxiques apres l'intervention chirurgicale, on a soupconne la presence de foyers tumoraux residuels dans l'uretre 5 semaines apres l'operation. L'irradiation preoperatoire de la tumeur a entraine une reponse generale qui a persiste apres une cystectomie totale chez 3 sujets sur 4 pendant au moins 3 a 7 mois. Le malade qui etait negatif lors de l'examen effectue apres la cystectomie avait un etat de sante general mediocre. Au moment des tests lymphocytaires post-operatoires, il a ete cliniquement reconnu que les 4 malades etaient debarasses de leur tumeur.
Ces resultats renforcent l'hypothese selon lequelle la presistance d'une reponse cellulaire a cette tumeur depend de la presence de material tumoral dans le corps. La stimulation de la reponse immunitaire mesuree peent etre produite ou maintenue par des tumeurs primitives localisees ou par des elements liberes dans tout l'organisme a la suite d'une necrose tumorale.
TL;DR: Eels exposed to sea water and fresh water containing 0·1 ppm pentachlorophenol caused changes that indicated a hypermetabolic state with accelerated utilization of tissue energy reserves and an enlargement of the liver suggested a disturbed liver function.
Abstract: 1. 1. Eels ( Anguilla anguilla L.) were exposed to sea water and fresh water containing 0·1 ppm pentachlorophenol (PCP). The accumulation of the pesticide as well as the effects on different metabolites in blood, muscle and l liver were studied. 2. 2. PCP exposure caused changes, which indicated a hypermetabolic state with accelerated utilization of tissue energy reserves. 3. 3. An altered cholesterol metabolism, a decreased activity of liver glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and an enlargement of the liver suggested a disturbed liver function. 4. 4. The effects of PCP seemed to persist in spite of a recovery period in clean water for about 2 months.
TL;DR: The dimensionality of the perception of instrumental timbre for single tones was investigated through multidimensional scaling according to Ekman's vector model of similarity, and it was found that initial transients were important for the identifiability of instrumental tones but their presence or absence did not influence the dimensional structure.
Abstract: Wedin L. & Goude G. Dimension analysis of the perception of instrumental timbre. Scand. J. Psychol., 1972, 13, 228–240.—The dimensionality of the perception of instrumental timbre for single tones was investigated through multidimensional scaling according to Ekman's vector model of similarity. Three factors were extracted and they were identified with certain characteristics of the spectrum envelopes. It was found that initial transients were important for the identifiability of instrumental tones but their presence or absence did not influence the dimensional structure. The “perceptual structure” was found to be different from the “cognitive structure” (= knowledge about the classification of the instruments), and the results are general for both trained and naive listeners.
TL;DR: The semiconductor-metal transition in the phase V 1− x W x O 2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.060 ) has been studied by magnetic and electrical measurements over the temperature range 80 −400 K as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the atmospheric sulfur budget for Northern Europe is discussed and compared with global averages, and a tentative model for the variation of deposition with distance from a source is suggested, which gives an estimated turnover time for anthropogenic sulfur of 2-4 days.
Abstract: The atmospheric sulfur budget for Northern Europe is discussed and compared with global averages. It is found that in this area the anthropogenic sulfur sources outweight natural sources. A comparison between deposition and emission of sulfur within different regions in Northern Europe shows that the dispersion of sulfur has a continental character; i.e. since, on average, sulfur is transported more than 1 000 km before it is deposited, one country can be appreciably influenced by another, in this respect. A tentative model for the variation of deposition with distance from a source is suggested. Application of this model gives an estimated turnover time for anthropogenic sulfur of 2–4 days. As a quantitative example, the distribution between various sources of the sulfur deposition in Sweden has been estimated. The calculations indicate that about half of the sulfur originates from foreign anthropogenic emissions, whilst the other half is caused by Swedish emissions and a natural background. Just as Sweden is influenced by the surrounding industrial countries, it is furthermore clear that a large part of the sulfur emitted in Sweden is deposited outside the country. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1972.tb01540.x
TL;DR: The capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 9 is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units, containing D -glucuronic acid, D -galactose, and L -rhamnose in the ratios 1:1:3, and a structure for these units is proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the π andσ lone pair electron system of the phthalocyanine molecule has been studied by a semi-empirical SCF-MO method and the position of the lowest electronically allowedn-π¯¯¯¯* transition is predicted to be found in the region of the strong Soret band.
Abstract: Theπ andσ lone pair electron system of the phthalocyanine molecule has been studied by a semiempirical SCF-MO method. Electronic transitions of bothπ-π
* andn-π
* types have been considered. The excited states have been calculated by means of the method of superposition of configurations where all singly excited states are included. Assignments for the electronic spectrum of phthalocyanine could be made in good agreement with experiment. The position of the lowest electronically allowedn-π
* transition is predicted to be found in the region of the strong Soret band.
TL;DR: Daily measurements of soot and sulfate aerosols at urban and nonurban locations in Southern Sweden are used to demonstrate that an appreciable long range transport of these substances takes place with source regions in the SE-SW directions.
TL;DR: It is suggested that although lipid solubility is required for a substance to reach the microsomal cy tochrome P-450, other properties of the molecule are of importance for determining the affinity with which it will interact with this cytochrome.
TL;DR: The effects of serotonin and some other monoamines, of antiserotonins, aromatic amino acids and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and mechanical stimulation, on the muscular and myoid activities of the pluteus larva are described.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the mitochondria are structurally (as well as enzymatically) most developed for oxidative capacity two to three weeks after birth of the animal and also after cold acclimation in the adult.
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalization of Erdos and Turan's inequality on B 2 -sequences of integers to B 2 −sequences with integer components is presented. But the result is only applicable to the case when the dimension tends to infinity.
TL;DR: This paper is an attempt to develop and summarize criteria for selection of one of several rival models using the optimization techniques widely applied in steady state kinetics.
TL;DR: The data suggest that the hemagglutinin is made up of 6 identical or closely similar polypeptide chains, each containing 1 intrachain disulfide bond and 1 carbohydrate binding site, and is formed by the interaction of non‐covalent forces between 3 dimers.
Abstract: Equilibrium centrifugation shows that the hemagglutinin has a mol. wt. of 79, 000 ± 4, 000. It contains approximately 18 moles of half cysteine, all as disulfide bonds. Unfolding agents alone (7 M guanidine.HCl) dissociate the hemagglutinin into a subunit of mol. wt. 26, 000–30, 000. Complete reduction (DTT in 7 M guanidine.HCl) gives a single component with a mol. wt. of approximately 13, 000. Partial reduction (DTT, 8 M urea or 7 M guanidine.HCl + protective haptens D-GalNAc or D-GNAC) cleaves 3 to 4 SS-bonds giving a single component with a mol. wt. of 12, 500–16, 700. Tryptic digestion gives rise to 13–14 peptides, three of which contain cysteine. Partially reduced hemagglutinin contains an intact carbohydrate binding site. The data suggest that the hemagglutinin is made up of 6 identical or closely similar polypeptide chains, each containing 1 intrachain disulfide bond and 1 carbohydrate binding site. The subunits are arranged in pairs in which a single disulfide bond links the monomers together. Native hemagglutinin is formed by the interaction of non-covalent forces between 3 dimers.
TL;DR: It is concluded that cross-fertilization is possible in the marine bryozoans in general and the mode of fertilization in the phylactolaematous b Bryozoans remains unknown.
Abstract: Sperm release through the tentacles is observed in a number of gymnolaematous and stenolaematous bryozoans. It is concluded that cross-fertilization is possible in the marine bryozoans in general. The mode of fertilization in the phylactolaematous bryozoans remains unknown.
TL;DR: Mucoran, an acidic heteropolysaccharide isolated from the cell walls of the fungus Mucor rouxii, was purified by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and was subjected to methylation by the Hakomori procedure, indicating extensive depolymerization, probably via β-elimination, during exposure to dimethylsulfinyl carbanion.
TL;DR: The three-dimensional structure of oligomycin B, as determined from singlecrystal X-ray diffraction data, is reported, which indicates that the molecule consists of a large, 25or 26-membered, heterocyclic ring containing 3 double-bonds.