Showing papers by "Swedish National Defence College published in 2017"
TL;DR: In this paper, multiple lines of evidence for the role of GCs in the incidence of diseases with as yet unknown etiology (causation) are identified and Integrated medical geology promises a more holistic understanding of the occurrence, mobility, bioavailability, bio-accessibility, exposure and transfer mechanisms ofGCs to the food-chain and humans, and the related ecotoxicological impacts and health effects.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors aim to enable and spur systematic research of how democracies can respond to the spread of distorted information by Russian information warfare, and propose a systematic approach to respond to disinformation.
Abstract: How can European democratic states respond to Russian information warfare? This article aims to enable and spur systematic research of how democracies can respond to the spread of distorted informa ...
34 citations
TL;DR: The authors adapts and applies a securitisation framework to produce an analytical explanation for the heightened geopolitical status of climate change over the past decade, as demonstrated by the evidence from the United Nations.
Abstract: This article adapts and applies a securitisation framework to produce an analytical explanation for the heightened geopolitical status of climate change over the past decade, as demonstrated by the
22 citations
TL;DR: The design of combat aircraft with high military effectiveness, affordability and military suitability requires balancing the efforts of many engineering disciplines during all phases of the developmen ...
20 citations
TL;DR: In the existing literature, compensation is often understood to be an inferior source of cohesion in military organisations as mentioned in this paper, which is not the case in the case of the militias who fought for Charles Taylor's War of Independence.
Abstract: In the existing literature, compensation is often understood to be an inferior source of cohesion in military organisations. Through an investigation of the militias who fought for Charles Taylor’s...
20 citations
TL;DR: Anarchy and hierarchy are two central concepts of international relations theory but as conventionally defined they cannot describe political life for most of Western history as discussed by the authors, and neither concept descr...
Abstract: Anarchy and hierarchy are two central concepts of international relations theory but as conventionally defined they cannot describe political life for most of Western history. Neither concept descr ...
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look at the ways in which the professional norms and values of traditional journalism are specifically challenged by social media use in times of terror, using the 22 July 2011 attacks as a case study.
Abstract: Over the past decade, the frequency of terror attacks around the world has increased. In the context of the 22 July 2011 terror attacks in Norway, social media use by citizens, and even victims, became an essential feature of reporting. Social media confronted the legacy media’s way of covering crisis events. It raised questions about traditional journalism’s ability to handle audience’s as, not only news consumers, but also producers. In the present article, we look at the ways in which the professional norms and values of traditional journalism are specifically challenged by social media use in times of terror, using the 22 July 2011 attacks as a case study. We find that Norwegian journalists initially held to their professional roles, and to the classic self-representational principles of journalism, including objectivity, autonomy and immediacy. When they integrated social media into their traditional platforms and modes of coverage, they framed it as a “source” of sorts. As the 22 July 2011 event cov...
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe an experiment where a measure called Shared Prio (SP) was used to measure shared understanding in teams, which is a measure that is easy to use and easy to comprehend.
Abstract: Objective, easy to use, and easy to comprehend assessment methods for measuring shared understanding in teams are hard to find. This paper describes an experiment where a measure called Shared Prio ...
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis scheme and a mission system model were applied to the evaluation of the military utility of efforts to reduce infrared signature in the conceptual design of survivable aircraft.
12 citations
TL;DR: A cluster analysis yielded three meaningful leader profiles and showed that this pattern was found in all three profiles, irrespective of how favorably they were rated before the onset of the intervention.
Abstract: The aim was to evaluate effects of leadership courses based on the developmental leadership model at the leadership behavioral level. A longitudinal design was employed with assessments before, one and six months after the leadership courses. The sample consisted of 59 leaders who made self-ratings and were rated by at least three subordinates on each occasion. Leadership behaviors were measured with the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ). A limited increase of favorable leadership behaviors and a significant reduction of unfavorable leadership behaviors were found, particularly according to the subordinates' ratings. A cluster analysis yielded three meaningful leader profiles and showed that this pattern was found in all three profiles, irrespective of how favorably they were rated before the onset of the intervention.
12 citations
01 Jun 2017
TL;DR: The Russian National Security Strategy of 2015 aims at achieving autarky from Western influences on global security, the rule of law and global trade by applying a holistic approach to global security and international trade.
Abstract: The Russian National Security Strategy of 2015 aims at achieving autarky from Western influences on global security, the rule of law and global trade Russia aims at attaining this by applying a ho
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present findings from three staff exercises that have significant impact on leadership and possibilities for good team learning that relate to a team learning model, which have great potential to be of value in planning and improving leadership education and training in both military and civilian contexts.
Abstract: Cooperation in multinational military operations is one of the main tasks for the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF), which means that Swedish officers need to be able to meet international military staff standards. For this reason, the SAF and the Swedish Defence University organize an annual international staff exercise which aims to train officers in and increase their knowledge of North Atlantic Treaty Organization staff methods and procedures. The essence of successful staff work is good leadership and effective team work. In this article, we present findings from three staff exercises that have significant impact on leadership and possibilities for good team learning that relate to a team learning model. These findings have great potential to be of value in planning and improving leadership education and training in both military and civilian contexts.
TL;DR: In the last decade, scholars have increasingly directed their attention to the streets to examine the dynamics of power and resistance as discussed by the authors, with the tremendous visibility of popular mobilization in the last ten years.
Abstract: With the tremendous visibility of popular mobilization in the last decade, scholars have increasingly directed their attention to the streets to examine the dynamics of power and resistance. Among ...
20 Oct 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, a grounded theory method was used and result patterns were generated for six specific time periods distributed before, during, and after an international peace enforcement mission, and a theoretical model was developed showing that everyday uplifts combined with adaptive coping can be sufficient to limit stress reactions related to daily hassles.
Abstract: The aim of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of how daily hassles and uplifts interact with each other and with stress reactions over time in military personnel. Interviews were conducted with 15 Swedish veterans five years after an international peace enforcement mission. The grounded theory method was used and result patterns were generated for six specific time periods distributed before, during, and after the mission. A theoretical model was developed showing that everyday uplifts combined with adaptive coping can be sufficient to limit stress reactions related to daily hassles. The model was supported by the fact that, five years after the mission, none of interviewees had received a PTSD diagnosis or needed professional psychological treatment. The last-mentioned outcome is noteworthy in itself given the severe stress often encountered in peace enforcement missions and previous research observations of high PTSD incidence, suicide rates, criminality, and substance abuse in mission participants.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that hybridization is a contingent result of the dynamics of some conflicts but not others, and that weaker powers seek a situa cation when faced with opponents with great power.
Abstract: In this article, I argue that hybridization is a contingent result of the dynamics of some conflicts but not others. In particular, faced with opponents with great power, weaker powers seek a situa ...
TL;DR: The security behavior of small states has traditionally been explained by different takes of realism, liberalism, or constructivism - focusing on the behavior that aims toward safeguarding sovereig... as mentioned in this paper...
Abstract: The security behavior of small states has traditionally been explained by different takes of realism, liberalism, or constructivism - focusing on the behavior that aims toward safeguarding sovereig ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated and analyzed piracy off West Africa with the aim to understand how different operations and security measures affect the consequences of piracy and identified several different intents and showed that most attacks are relatively close to shore and correspond to areas of high ship density.
Abstract: Piracy is one of the most frequent maritime threats. However, despite the importance of how maritime piracy is to be reduced, it is substantially less investigated than maritime safety. Piracy off Somalia is the most investigated case of piracy, but those results are not necessarily generalizable. Piracy off West Africa has been shown to be more diverse, successful and dangerous. This study investigates and analyses piracy off West Africa with the aim to understand how different operations and security measures affect the consequences of piracy. This study has identified several different intents and shows that most attacks are relatively close to shore and correspond to areas of high ship density. Attacks with the intent of theft at night-time are generally performed close to shore, and more complicated attacks against ships under way are more common during daytime and farther from shore. Five types of measures are found to have high effectiveness if the attack is detected during approach; after boarding, only two measures have high effectiveness. Of the effective measures, it can be concluded that all but one are dependent on detecting the attack. Therefore, detecting the pirates is key but must be accompanied by a set of measures because no measure alone can protect a ship given the operational conditions off West Africa. The risks associated with piracy off West Africa are estimated to be of the same magnitude as the risks posed by Somali piracy at its peak.
TL;DR: In this article, the adaptability among lower-level military leaders in unexpected threatening situations was investigated using a grounded theory approach, and 16 Ss were used to solve the problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates adaptability among lower-level military leaders in unexpected threatening situations. Two studies were performed. In the first, a grounded theory approach was used, and 16 S...
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to explore the framing of victims and authorities in Swedish press during the narcolepsy crisis, occurring in the aftermath of the A(H1N1) vaccination campaign.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the framing of victims and authorities in Swedish press during the narcolepsy crisis, occurring in the aftermath of the A(H1N1) vaccination campaign. Reporting ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the existing literature on emotion and strategic leadership in a systematic review and synthesize it into a theoretical model, which is then used to synthesize the model.
Abstract: The aim was to explore the existing literature on emotion and strategic leadership in a systematic review and to synthesize it into a theoretical model. A literature review on emotion in connection ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined factors that contribute to three aspects of preparedness among municipal leaders: perceived municipal preparedness, perceived individual preparedness and motivation for preparedness work.
TL;DR: Risk management is a decision-support process and a vital tool for military planning and decision-making as discussed by the authors, and several nations utilize risk-based approaches to analyze the level of security in military systems.
Abstract: Risk management is a decision-support process and a vital tool for military planning and decision-making. Today, several nations utilize risk-based approaches to analyze the level of security in mi ...
TL;DR: In this article, public discussions about the division of responsibilities between state and citizen in crises have led to reformulated policies, and these are interpreted and put into practice by crisis managers.
Abstract: Public discussions about the division of responsibilities between state and citizen in crises have led to reformulated policies. These are interpreted and put into practice by crisis managers. Henc ...
TL;DR: It is suggested that military counterinsurgency doctrine can inspire a discussion of cancer that uniquely embraces both cancer cell evolution and tumour microenvironment.
Abstract: Oncological therapy resembles a military force that eliminates the central power of a country (dominant clone of a cancer) to create a vacuum where insurgents (subclones) thrive and instigate rebellion (relapse). We suggest that military counterinsurgency doctrine can inspire a discussion of cancer that uniquely embraces both cancer cell evolution and tumour microenvironment.
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TL;DR: In 2006, the shift to electoral participation catapulted the Islamic resistance movement in Palestine, Hamas, from its former role as violent spoiler straight into governmental office as discussed by the authors, and it was the f...
Abstract: In 2006, the shift to electoral participation catapulted the Islamic resistance movement in Palestine, Hamas, from its former role as violent spoiler straight into governmental office. It was the f...
06 Oct 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the relationship and mediation effects between the Big Five personality dimensions, and political skill with military staff members' perceived performance, and found that conscientiousness acted as a statistically significant mediator between an individual's use of political skills and their perceived performance.
Abstract: The purpose was to explore the relationship and mediation effects between the Big Five personality dimensions, and political skill with military staff members’ perceived performance. The sample included 185 Armed Forces International staff members from several military education facilities. The results indicated that the PSI and several personality dimensions were positively correlated with individuals’ perceived performance. In addition, the personality dimension Conscientiousness acted as a statistically significant mediator between an individual’s use of political skills and their perceived performance. Practical considerations and future research directions are suggested. This article has been retracted. A retraction article relating to this can be found here: http://doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.94
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated individual emotion-focused coping strategies and institutionalized norms as regards emotion regulation in a short-and long-term perspective in relation to acute stressful situations that contain moral dilemmas.
Abstract: The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of individual emotion-focused coping strategies and institutionalised norms as regards emotion regulation in a short-and long-term perspective in relation to acute stressful situations that contain moral dilemmas. 15 participants at different hierarchical levels in the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) were interviewed. Several individual emotion regulation strategies and organisational norms for emotional expressiveness were identified. These were integrated into a theoretical model. The study contributes by explicating a context-specific emotion culture that gives limited space for emotional expression as it is necessary to remain firm and cold in acute situations that include moral dilemmas. Leaders must be able to minimise emotional displays in order to contribute to operational efficiency (termed emotional containing capacity). Potential conflicts between a well-developed emotional containing capacity in acute situations and long-term adaptation to organisational norms in daily life after missions and practical implications are discussed.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the continuation of the conflict and the breaking up of Yugoslavia and discuss the role of ethnic Serb domination in the break-up of the country.
Abstract: This chapter deals with the continuation of the conflict and the breaking up of Yugoslavia. By 1990, Federal Yugoslavia was unpopular. Most Yugoslavs wanted to move from communism to democracy, yet they associated federation with communism and Serb domination.
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the authors deal with why social theory can be relevant in the context of military operations and give some examples of what have been done before in this matter, specifically the concept Effect-Based Operations (EBO).
Abstract: This chapter deals with why social theory can be relevant in the context of military operations. The chapter does also give some examples of what have been done before in this matter, specifically the concept Effect-Based Operations (EBO). The French sociologist and theorist Pierre Bourdieu is also introduced here.
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: This chapter touches on concepts of information warfare, for example COIN-theory, and frames the field theory as a valid example of both method and theory regarding information warfare.
Abstract: This chapter touches on concepts of information warfare, for example COIN-theory. Field theory as information warfare is the main topic. The purpose is to frame the field theory as a valid example of both method and theory regarding information warfare. This is especially important as a lot of the practice regarding information warfare is not anchored in a social theory but mostly in a best practice way of acting. That is all well but a theory provides a wider range of generalising and thus options of free-thinking.