Showing papers by "Universidade de Ribeirão Preto published in 2019"

Antioxidant Activity of an Aqueous Leaf Extract from Uncaria tomentosa and Its Major Alkaloids Mitraphylline and Isomitraphylline in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Abstract: Uncaria tomentosa (Rubiaceae) has a recognized therapeutic potential against various diseases associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of an aqueous leaf extract (ALE) from U. tomentosa, and its major alkaloids mitraphylline and isomitraphylline. The antioxidant activity of ALE was investigated in vitro using standard assays (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP), while the in vivo activity and mode of action were studied using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. The purified alkaloids did not exhibit antioxidant effects in vivo. ALE reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wild-type worms, and was able to rescue the worms from a lethal dose of the pro-oxidant juglone. The ALE treatment led to a decreased expression of the oxidative stress response related genes sod-3, gst-4, and hsp-16.2. The treatment of mutant worms lacking the DAF-16 transcription factor with ALE resulted in a significant reduction of ROS levels. Contrarily, the extract had a pro-oxidant effect in the worms lacking the SKN-1 transcription factor. Our results suggest that the antioxidant activity of ALE in C. elegans is independent of its alkaloid content, and that SKN-1 is required for ALE-mediated stress resistance.

Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract from the Leaves of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke: A Study on Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Abstract: Medicinal plants such as Aloysia polystachya are often used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases, including anxiety- and depression-related humor disturbances. In folk medicine, A. polystachya is used to treat digestive and respiratory tract disturbances, as a sedative and antidepressant agent, and as a tonic for the nerves. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant and anxiolytic effect from the hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of Aloysia polystachya (HELAp) in zebrafish. The extract was analyzed through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS) and the main compound detected was acteoside. HELAp was administered orally (10 mg/kg) and through immersion (mg/L). The anxiolytic activity was evaluated through the scototaxis (light–dark) test using caffeine as an anxiogenic agent and buspirone as a positive control. The parameters assessed were: period spent in the white compartment (s), latency (s), alternations (n), erratic swims (n), period of freezing (s), thigmotaxis (s), and risk evaluation (n). The antidepressant effect was evaluated through the novel tank diving test using 1% ethanol, unpredictable chronic stress, and social isolation as depressors; fluoxetine was used as a positive control. The parameters assessed were: period spent at the top of the tank, latency, quadrants crossed, erratic swim, period of freezing, and distance of swam. The main chemical compound of HELAp was acteoside. The administration of the extract on zebrafish managed to revert the anxiogenic effect of caffeine without impairing their locomotion. Additionally, the treatment exerted antidepressant activity similarly to fluoxetine. Overall, the results suggest a significant anxiolytic and antidepressant activity to the extract, which is probably due to the presence of the major compound, acteoside.

Unnatural spirocyclic oxindole alkaloids biosynthesis in Uncaria guianensis

Abstract: Spiro-oxindole scaffolds have been studied due to their promising therapeutic potential. In the Amazon rainforest there are two important Uncaria species known as “cat’s claw”, which biosynthesize spirocyclic oxindole alkaloids; Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. and Uncaria guianensis (Aublet) Gmell. We carried out a precursor-directed biosynthesis approach with U. guianensis and successfully obtained oxindole alkaloid analogues with molecular mass corresponding to the addition of a methyl or fluorine group on the oxindole ring using tryptamine analogue precursors. Two of these novel oxindole alkaloid analogues (3b-7-methyl-isomitraphylline and 3c-6-fluoro-isomitraphylline) were isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Having established a substrate feeding protocol for these plantlets, the biosynthetic route for mitraphylline (1), rhynchophylline (2), isomitraphylline (3) and isorhynchophylline (4) was also investigated using 13C-precursors (1-13C-D-glucose, 2-13C-tryptophan, 1-13C-DL-glyceraldehyde, and methyl-13C-D-methionine).

Effect of sonic and ultrasonic activation on physicochemical properties of root canal sealers.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of ultrasonic and sonic activation on physicochemical properties of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, ADSeal, GuttaFlow Bioseal, and GuttaFlow 2 sealers. Methodology: Three experimental groups were formed: no activation (NA), ultrasonic activation (UA), and sonic activation (SA). The sealers were manipulated according to the manufacturers’ instructions. A 3-mL syringe was adapted to receive 1 mL of sealer. Activation was performed with a 20/.01 ultrasonic insert (20 s/1W) in the UA group. A size 35.04 sonic tip was used (20 s/10,000 cycles/min-1) in the SA group. The molds for physicochemical analysis were filled and evaluated according to ANSI/ADA specification no. 57: setting time (ST), flow (FL), dimensional change (DC), solubility (SB), and radiopacity (RD). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's tests (P<0.05). Results: Regarding ST, only AH Plus and GuttaFlow 2 in the NA group met the ANSI/ADA standards. All FL values were greater than 20 mm in diameter, as determined by ANSI/ADA. The tested sealers and protocols did not comply with the ANSI/ADA standards for DC. As for SB, only MTA Fillapex, regardless of the activation protocol, did not follow the ANSI/ADA standards. All of the investigated sealers, regardless of the activation protocol, presented radiographic density higher than 3 mm Al, as proposed by ANSI/ADA. Conclusions: UA and SA promoted changes in the physicochemical properties of the evaluated root canal sealers, mainly in ST and F. Thus, it is important to evaluate the physicochemical properties of endodontic sealers associated with activation techniques prior to clinical application in order to determine whether the properties follow the parameters set by ANSI/ADA, ensuring safety and quality of root canal filling.

Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott Fruits Increase Stress Resistance and Exert Antioxidant Properties in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mouse Models.

Abstract: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott is a popular Asian tree widely used in traditional medicine. The current study explored the potential stress resistance and antioxidant activities of its fruits. Phytochemical profiling of the hydroalcoholic fruit extract was done via high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-mass/mass (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS). Twenty four phenolic constituents were tentatively identified in the extract. The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) nematode model in addition to trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity mouse model were used for in vivo evaluation of its antioxidant properties. The ability of the extract to enhance stress resistance was manifested through increasing survival rate by 44.7% and decreasing basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by 72.3% in C. elegans. In addition, the extract increased the levels of the stress response enzyme superoxide dismutase-3 (Sod-3) by 55.5% and decreased the expression of heat shock protein-16.2 (Hsp-16.2) in nematodes, which had been challenged by juglone, by 21%. Using a mouse model, the extract significantly decreased the expression of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, an elevation in the levels of the antioxidant marker glutathione (GSH), SOD and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzymes were observed. Our findings imply that Styphnolobium japonicum has the potential to be used in future studies focusing on diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Restorative Possibilities Using Zirconia Ceramics for Single Crowns.

Abstract: Two clinical cases are presented to explore technical differences and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using veneered or monolithic zirconia to manufacture posterior single crowns. The first case describes the clinical steps in manufacturing a monolithic crown on a mandibular left second premolar using high translucency zirconia. It shows the use of a conservative tooth preparation based on the superior mechanical properties that this material presents as well as the final optical characteristics achieved by shading and staining. In the second case, a conventional bilayer restorative treatment was made using zirconia framework followed by veneering with feldspar ceramic on a mandibular left first molar. Recent literature indicates that each of these restorative alternatives presents specific advantages and disadvantages. Factors such as mechanical performance, fracture, esthetic characteristics, clinical success, complication rates, adhesion and antagonist wear performance are discussed comparing the two restorative assemblies. The data highlight that monolithic crowns prevent a major problem reported on bilayer restorations: the chipping of veneering ceramic. Monolithic crowns also allow minimally invasive tooth preparations, thus increasing tooth remnant preservation. However, data that support esthetic performance similarity between monolithic and bilayer assemblies are lacking, thus the predictability of use is restricted for the posterior region, as cases demanding high esthetic appeal continue to fundamentally use bilayer restorations. Failures were not found, and patient satisfaction was reported in both techniques after the 12-month follow up.

Trans-chalcone activity against Trichophyton rubrum relies on an interplay between signaling pathways related to cell wall integrity and fatty acid metabolism.

Abstract: Trichophyton rubrum is the main etiological agent of skin and nail infections worldwide. Because of its keratinolytic activity and anthropophilic nature, infection models based on the addition of protein substrates have been employed to assess transcriptional profiles and to elucidate aspects related to host-pathogen interactions. Chalcones are widespread compounds with pronounced activity against dermatophytes. The toxicity of trans-chalcone towards T. rubrum is not fully understood but seems to rely on diverse cellular targets. Within this context, a better understanding of the mode of action of trans-chalcone may help identify new strategies of antifungal therapy and reveal new chemotherapeutic targets. This work aimed to assess the transcriptional profile of T. rubrum grown on different protein sources (keratin or elastin) to mimic natural infection sites and exposed to trans-chalcone in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antifungal activity of trans-chalcone. Overall, the use of different protein sources caused only slight differences in the transcriptional profile of T. rubrum. The main differences were the modulation of proteases and lipases in gene categories when T. rubrum was grown on keratin and elastin, respectively. In addition, some genes encoding heat shock proteins were up-regulated during the growth of T. rubrum on keratin. The transcriptional profile of T. rubrum exposed to trans-chalcone included four main categories: fatty acid and lipid metabolism, overall stress response, cell wall integrity pathway, and alternative energy metabolism. Consistently, T. rubrum Mapk was strongly activated during the first hours of trans-chalcone exposure. Noteworthy, trans-chalcone inhibited genes involved in keratin degradation. The results also showed effects of trans-chalcone on fatty acid synthesis and metabolic pathways involved in acetyl-CoA supply. Our results suggest that the mode of action of trans-chalcone is related to pronounced changes in fungal metabolism, including an imbalance between fatty acid synthesis and degradation that interferes with cell membrane and cell wall integrity. In addition, this compound exerts activity against important virulence factors. Taken together, trans-chalcone acts on targets related to dermatophyte physiology and the infection process.

Isolation and Identification of Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Aloysia polystachya and Its Activity as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase-A

Abstract: Aloysia polystachya is used as a sedative and antidepressant by the indigenous populations of Argentina and Paraguay, but the compounds associated with these activities have not been determined. We have separated and identified the main constituents of the hydroethanolic extract of A. polystachya by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and confirmed the presence of acteoside, isoacteoside, 6'-acetylacteoside, and 4’,4’’’,5,5’’-tetrahydroxy-6,6’’,3’’’-trimethoxy-[C7–O–C7’’]-biflavone by NMR spectroscopy. Inhibitory activities of the hydroethanolic extract and purified phenylethanoid glycosides against monoamine oxidase-A were assessed using a standard fluorometric assay. The hydroethanolic extract inhibited monoamine oxidase-A activity in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 9.2 µg/mL, while the selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor clorgyline exhibited an IC50 of 0.06 µg/mL (0.22 µM). Acteoside was the strongest inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A (IC50 value of 5 µM), whereas isoacteoside and 6'-acetylacteoside showed IC50 values of around 10 µM. The results showed that phenylethanoids from a hydroethanolic extract of A. polystachya have been found to have inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase-A. It is likely that the mode of action of the acteosides is multi-targeted, involving the downregulation of inflammatory molecules and neutralization of oxidation reactions as well as inhibition of monoamine oxidase-A.

Comparison of olive leaf, olive oil, palm oil, and omega-3 oil in acute kidney injury induced by sepsis in rats.

Abstract: Background Hypotension, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are all observed in experimental models of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanolic extract of Brazilian olive leaf (Ex), Brazilian olive oil (Olv), Ex + Olv (ExOlv), and palm oil (Pal) in comparison to the effects of omega-3 fish oil (Omg) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Materials Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (seven per group), which were either untreated (control) or treated with LPS, LPS + Ex, LPS + ExOlv, LPS + Olv, LPS + Omg, or LPS + Pal. Results Lower values of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were observed in the LPS-treated group, and these values were not affected by Ex, Olv, ExOlv, Pal, or Omg treatment. Mortality rates were significantly lower in rats exposed to LPS when they were also treated with Ex, ExOlv, Olv, Pal, or Omg. These treatments also decreased oxidative stress and inflammation (Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta) and increased interleukin-10 levels and cell proliferation, which were associated with decreased apoptosis in kidney tissue. Conclusion Ex and Pal treatments were beneficial in septic rats, since they increased survival rate and did not aggravate inflammation. However, the most effective treatments for septic rats were Olv in comparison to Omg. These natural food substances could enable the development of effective therapeutic interventions to sepsis.

New strategies and developments for peri-implant disease

Abstract: The aim of this illustrated review is to present the new strategies and developments to treatment and diagnosis of periimplant diseases. Periimplant disease is a subject of great concern for modern dentistry. The numbers of implant exhibiting biological complications grows as implant dentistry expands thought-out the world. Diagnosis and treatment of those diseases are still controversial and difficult. We present novel treatment for infection control and biological rationale of additional use of guided bone regeneration, with an illustrative explanation of the treatments presented with two cases.

Undernutrition impairs the quality of growth plate and trabecular and cortical bones in growing rats1.

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the effects of dietary restriction on the growth plate and long bone tissue in growing rats. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: Control (Con) and Diet-restricted (Res). After weaning, the Res rats were offered 50% of the chow ingested by the control (ad libitum food intake). The animals were subdivided into two subgroups with follow-ups up to 56 or 70 days. After euthanasia, the growth plate of tibias was analyzed by histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography, and mechanical test. The trabecular and compact bones were evaluated by histomorphometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and micro-computed tomography (μCT). Real-time PCR was used to analyze gene expression. Results: Although dietary restriction did not alter gene expression, several phenotypic changes were seen in the growth plate; i.e., decrease in volume, reduction in total area and height, decrease in the area ossified zones, mechanical weakening, reduction in mass of trabecular and cortical bone, lower bone density, deterioration of the trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, and trabeculae with lower collagen deposition. Conclusion: Dietary restriction had severe detrimental effects on the growth plate and trabecular and cortical bone.

Avaliação de Habilidades de Comunicação em Ambiente Simulado na Formação Médica: Conceitos, Desafios e Possibilidades

Abstract: RESUMO Na comunidade academica internacional, a comunicacao eficaz entre profissionais de saude, pacientes e seus familiares e reconhecida como condicao indispensavel para a qualidade dos cuidados em saude. No Brasil, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduacao em Medicina estabelecem que o egresso deve ser preparado para se comunicar por meio de linguagem verbal e nao verbal, com empatia, sensibilidade e interesse, promovendo o cuidado centrado na pessoa e uma relacao horizontal e compartilhada com o paciente. Para alcancar esses objetivos, faz-se preciso a implementacao de atividades curriculares que promovam o desenvolvimento dessa habilidade e avaliem a sua aquisicao durante a graduacao em Medicina. A habilidade em se comunicar adequadamente nao pode ser aprendida apenas por observacao e tende a declinar ao longo do curso. Recomenda-se que seu ensino se estenda de modo coerente a todos os niveis de formacao, incluindo os internatos e programas de residencia. Na avaliacao de habilidades de comunicacao, especialistas recomendam que seja instituida uma matriz que permita repetidas oportunidades de avaliacao e feedback, reforcando o uso das habilidades mais basicas de entrevista ate as mais complexas, como a comunicacao de mas noticias. Dessa maneira, para um ensino e avaliacao eficientes, sao necessarios metodos e instrumentos com solida fundamentacao teorica. Atividades em ambiente simulado com a participacao de pacientes padronizados tem sido amplamente utilizadas para o ensino e a avaliacao dessa habilidade durante a consulta clinica. Nesse contexto, programas de desenvolvimento docente sao fundamentais para que estrategias eficazes de ensino e avalicao sejam implementadas e permitam ao futuro medico a aquisicao de habilidades essenciais ao etico exercicio profissional. Este artigo propos-se a uma revisao narrativa sobre avaliacao de habilidades de comunicacao em ambiente simulado apresentando seus conceitos, desafios e possibilidades. Tambem aborda aspectos praticos para a organizacao desse tipo de avaliacao.

A imunidade parlamentar segundo o supremo tribunal: análise do precedente sobre a prisão do senador delcídio amaral frente aos direitos da personalidade

Abstract: A imunidade parlamentar merece estudo apos os dezesseis anos da modificacao levada a efeito pela Emenda Constitucional no 35/2001, diante do aumento de precedentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal acerca do tema, com foco na decisao de decretacao da prisao preventiva do Senador Delcidio Amaral, apreciando a tese adotada no caso concreto, principalmente sob o prisma da interpretacao sistematica. Quanto a metodologia, o presente artigo baseou-se em pesquisa bibliografica e documental (Acordaos dos Tribunais Superiores) valendo-se dos metodos indutivo, dedutivo, socio-historico e dialetico.

Maytenin Plays a Special Role in the Regulation of the Endophytic Bacillus megaterium in Peritassa campestris Adventitious Roots.

Abstract: Peritassa campestris (Celastraceae) root bark accumulates potent antitumor quinonemethide triterpenes (QMTs). When grown in their natural habitat, plants of the family Celastraceae produce different QMTs such as celastrol (3) and pristimerin (4). However, when they are inserted in in vitro culture systems, they accumulate maytenin (1) as the main compound. Recently, Bacillus megaterium was detected as an endophytic microorganism (EM) living inside P. campestris roots cultured in vitro. We hypothesized that compound (1) controls EM growth more efficiently, and that the presence of EMs in the root culture causes compound (1) to accumulate. For the first time, this work has explored plant–microorganism interaction in a species of the family Celastraceae by co-culture with an EM. Live endophytic bacteria were used, and QMT accumulation in P. campestris adventitious roots was our main focus. The antimicrobial activity of the main QMTs against endophytic B. megaterium was also evaluated. Our results showed that compound (1) and maytenol (5) were more effective than their precursors QMTs (3) and (4) in controlling the EM. Co-culture of B. megaterium with roots significantly reduced bacterial growth whereas root development remained unaffected. Compound (1) production was 24 times higher after 48 hr in the presence of the highest B. megaterium concentration as compared to the control. Therefore, P. campestris adventitious roots affect the development of the endophyte B. megaterium through production of QMTs, which in turn can modulate production of compound (1).

Understanding and contextualizing teen dating violence

Abstract: Objective: To describe and analyze teen dating violence with adolescents of a public school in a city in the state of Sao Paulo. Method: Qualitative research, anchored by the Paradigm of Complexity. Data collection was carried out with 16 students of the 11st year of high school, through focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was based on the thematic modality. Results: There emerged three themes, which made it possible to understand that the myth of romantic love has still present in intimate relationships; as an aspect of these myths, jealousy is revealed as inherent in relationships, while time triggering teen dating violence at the same. Digital social networks have been throughout this process; the family and the school emerge as contexts that expose adolescents to vulnerability, including the experience of other violence manifestations. Conclusion and implications for practice: Multidimensional, retroactive and interdependent nature of the aspects related to teen dating violence were identified. Promotion of healthy dating relationships from the deconstruction of romantic love myths; safe use of virtual social networks by adolescents; actions to promote healthy parenting and articulation of health-school-family, with the empowerment of these spaces as factors to protect violence involving adolescents are necessary.

Bone callus formation is highly disrupted by dietary restriction in growing rats sustaining a femoral fracture

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effects of food restriction on fracture healing in growing rats. Methods: Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: (1) Control and (2) Dietary restriction. After weaning the dietary restricted animals were fed ad libitum for 42 days with 50% of the standard chow ingested by the control group. Subsequently, the animals underwent bone fracture at the diaphysis of the right femur, followed by surgical stabilization of bone fragments. On days 14 and 28 post-fracture, the rats were euthanized, and the fractured femurs were dissected, the callus was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry, mechanical tests, and gene expression. Results: Dietary restriction decreased body mass gain and resulted in several phenotypic changes at the bone callus (a delay in cell proliferation and differentiation, lower rate of newly formed bone and collagen deposition, reductions in bone callus density and size, decrease in tridimensional callus volume, deterioration in microstructure, and reduction in bone callus strength), together with the downregulated expression of osteoblast-related genes. Conclusion: Dietary restriction had detrimental effects on osseous healing, with a healing delay and a lower quality of bone callus formation.

Effect of Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe Leaves, Methanolic Extract and Guaijaverin on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels in a Type II Diabetic Rat Model

Abstract: This study aimed to isolate and identify flavonoids with hypoglycemic activity in Costus spiralis leaves. The methanolic extract (ME) was rich in flavonoids, while the powdered leaves (PL) contained considerable amounts of macro- and microelements. Oral acute treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 18 h with the C. spiralis PL, ME and isolated guaijaverin (GUA) lowered glycemia, improved oral glucose tolerance and inhibited liver lipid peroxidation. GUA and ME lowered plasma levels of low-density and non-high density lipoproteins; GUA also lowered total cholesterol levels. PL, ME and GUA did not significantly alter the plasma levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, creatinine and aspartate transaminase, and the total protein levels in the kidney and liver tissues. Therefore, C. spiralis leaves are promising raw materials and rich sources of bioactive flavonoids for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs due to their hypoglycemic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidant actions.

A visão dos sucessores de organizações familiares do agronegócio

Abstract: Por ter um papel relevante na economia brasileira, o agronegocio e bem representado por empresas familiares, e quando estas passam pelo processo de sucessao familiar, enfrentam dificuldades e, as vezes acoes sem sucesso. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mapear as percepcoes durante o processo sucessorio em 12 empresas familiares na regiao de Ribeirao Preto, tendo como referencia a visao dos sucessores, identificando os fatores facilitadores e restritivos. Como metodologia, a atual pesquisa elegeu o metodo descritivo, o qual adotou carater qualitativo, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade, alem de observacao nao participante para coleta de dados.

Sales and Operations Planning: a comparison between the demand-driven and traditional approaches

Abstract: Supply Chain Management (SCM) is an important concept to establish links among companies. With the aim to reach the SCM goals, companies must define processes that links the decisions areas. In this context, a process to be dealt is the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP). The S&OP is a tactical planning process, executed on monthly-basis and led by senior management with the aim to balance demand, production, distribution, procurement and finance, to ensure the plans and performance are aligned to support the business strategic plan. In this sense, a literature review was presented in this paper in order to compare the traditional approach and the demand-driven approach for the S&OP. As expected, because of the more complex environment to be dealt in a demand-driven environment, the S&OP evolved to be able to be executed properly. However, further studies in this area should be developed in order to obtain a final framework for the demand-driven S&OP, to analyse applications in industries, to understand performance implications and to develop a performance framework for the demand-driven S&OP.

Os direitos coletivos e sua defesa em juízo: breves comentários acerca do momento atual da tutela dos direitos transindividuais

Abstract: Trata-se de uma singela investigacao acerca dos direitos coletivos positivados no Ordenamento Juridico brasileiro, com o escopo de apontar o estagio atual do assunto. Mediante reflexoes comparadas, busca-se delinear as virtudes e fragilidades da tutela coletiva no Brasil, demonstrando, especialmente, aqueles pontos ainda nao resolvidos pela doutrina e jurisprudencia nacional.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: clinical cases and physiotherapy

Abstract: The aims of this article are to present cervical spondylotic myelopathy, a spinal condition caused by bony, ligament and disc alterations that results in spinal cord compression leading to progressive degeneration of the spinal cord, and to describe the possible physiotherapeutic interventions. The pathology has different forms of progression and affected areas, which contributes to the diversity of clinical presentations. This work presents two evaluations of three patients diagnosed with this disease, at different times, to compare the severity, the affected regions, and the evolution of each one. Subsequently, it describes the most appropriate physiotherapeutic treatment for this illness, demonstrating its wide variability according to the signs and symptoms presented. Level of Evidence: IV. Case series.

Effects of Light Quality and Chemical Elicitors on the Growth Parameters and Rosmarinic Acid Content of in vitro Cultures of Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.

Abstract: Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit is a folk medicinal species in Northeast Brazil. In this work, seedlings of H. pectinata were cultured in vitro under diverse light quality spectra and under the influence of two distinct chemical elicitors, salicylic acid and silver nitrate (SN), at concentrations of 30 and 60 μM. Growth parameters, biomass and rosmarinic acid (RA) content were evaluated. RA may be associated with the functional properties of this plant. In the light quality experiments, the highest level of rosmarinic acid was found under red light (161.65 ± 8.64 μg g DW (dry weight)) at 20 days (4.26-fold higher than the control white light). Among the evaluated elicitors, elicitation with 60 μM SN at 3 days and 30 μM SN at 6 days favored the highest rosmarinic acid content (6361.70 ± 216.96 and 4542.98 ± 92.53 μg g DW, respectively), with relatively high biomass yield and a similar number of leaves and height as those of control seedlings. This approach is new for H. pectinata.

The evolution of learning in a semipresential discipline - Analysis based on data mining concepts / A evolução do aprendizado em uma disciplina semipresencial - Análise baseada em conceitos da mineração de dados

Abstract: Davenport (2014) stated that the data is extremely broad and electronically generated, and therefore requires specially prepared tools to deal with any and all information that can be found, analyzed and harnessed in a timely manner. To obtain data and use them properly, enables a company to improve a product, create a more efficient marketing strategy, cut costs, increase its production, avoid wastage, overcome a competitor, make services more satisfactory, check the performance of a student, among others. This study aims to analyze the use of 113 students based on their grade and the number of accesses in a virtual learning environment, enrolled in a semipresencial discipline in the first half of 2017. The data were extracted from an AVA installed from of Moodle and initially tabulated in a spreadsheet, with subsequent analysis and implementation in the R software. The results demonstrate an improvement in the students' scores associated with the number of accesses. Indicating that with some adjustments learning can evolve.

Assistência de enfermagem ao recém-nascido com síndrome do desconforto respiratório

Abstract: A sindrome do desconforto respiratorio (SDR) ou doenca da membrana hialina (DMH) e uma das patologias mais comuns entre os recem-nascidos pre-termo e e responsavel pelo maior indice de mortalidade neonatal. Caracteriza-se pela deficiencia do surfactante, hormonio responsavel pela maturacao dos pulmoes, caracterizado principalmente por sinais e sintomas como: dispneia, gemido expiratorio, cianose, batimentos de asas nasais, retracao esternal, tiragem intercostal e subcostal e crises de apneia, com surgimento entre as primeiras horas de vida ate 48 horas apos o nascimento. Seu tratamento e feito a partir da oferta de oxigenoterapia e administracao de surfactante. O presente estudo e de carater descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado atraves de pesquisa bibliografica, que tem como objetivo descrever a assistencia prestada aos recem-nascidos com sindrome do desconforto respiratorio, revendo a fisiopatologia, sinais e sintomas, possiveis complicacoes, o tratamento e a assistencia de enfermagem como um todo, envolvendo a prescricao de cuidados e a realizacao destes cuidados prescritos e a assistencia humanizada, onde a assistencia se estende aos pais do recem-nascido. Estas sao de extrema importância para a melhora desse RN e diminuicao da ansiedade e medo dos pais.

Análise sobre o interrogatório judicial na Lei de Drogas: conflito dos princípios da especialidade, do contraditório e da ampla defesa

Abstract: A atual Lei 11.343/2006 é o instrumento normativo competente para tratar sobre situações que envolvam drogas ilícitas, seja na sua questão material ou processual. Mediante esta informação, cabe apontar que o presente estudo tem como objetivo tratar sobre situações conflitantes entre normas especiais (tratadas pela supradita lei) e demais princípios constitucionais gerais (ampla defesa e contraditório), mas que por sua vez encontram meios para atuação no procedimento penal. Com a apresentação de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema proposto, busca-se a apresentação de forma construtiva sobre a regulamentação legal e a sua aplicação nos procedimentos processuais. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho por sua vez, além da revisão acima narrada, utilizou-se de artigos científicos, jurisprudência e legislações processuais, sejam elas vigentes ou revogadas. Ou seja, guiou-se pelo método dedutivo, e que de forma significativa resulta na conclusão que quando possível, o princípio da especialidade deve ser respeitado e utilizado, mas não para este caso em tela, já que a ampla defesa e o contraditório, além de princípios estruturantes do Estado Democrático de Direito, é nada mais, nada menos que um defensor da dignidade daqueles que estão nos átrios brasilianos.

A banalização dos princípios da razoabilidade e da proporcionalidade no controle difuso de constitucionalidade e separação de poderes

Abstract: Em âmbito nacional, a utilizacao dos principios e regras correlacionadas a proporcionalidade e a razoabilidade vem levantando uma serie de controversias e embates juridicos. E observada na jurisprudencia brasileira uma ampla banalizacao dos mesmos, que sao recorridos de modo demasiado e na maior parte dos casos sendo aplicados como sinonimos, o que nao e permitido pela estrutura, metodologia e origem tanto da proporcionalidade quanto da razoabilidade. O presente estudo busca aprofundar as consequencias de tal banalizacao no âmbito da aplicacao de tais principios no contexto juridico atual, sobretudo no âmbito do controle difuso de constitucionalidade e no respeito ao principio da separacao de poderes, elementos que assim como os principios da proporcionalidade e razoabilidade, sustentam e orientam o funcionamento do Estado Democratico de Direito a partir do pleno respeito e observância as normas e principios constitucionais. O estudo em questao parte de premissas envolvendo os principios juridicos em carater geral, bem como os principios de estudo especifico e o controle difuso de constitucionalidade e a separacao de poderes, passando de questoes gerais para a questao especifica, aprofundando como a banalizacao de tais principios promove impactos na desobediencia ao principio constitucional da separacao de poderes e consequentemente no controle difuso de constitucionalidade.

Implantação de cidades digitais como exercício de cidadania e de proteção dos consumidores

Abstract: O mundo esta em constante evolucao das tecnologias de informacao e comunicacao (TICs), integrando pessoas, promovendo desenvolvimento economico, social e melhoria na qualidade de vida. Para acompanhar essa evolucao tecnologica, as cidades precisam ser planejadas para atender as demandas do mercado e da sociedade, seguindo conceitos de inclusao e desenvolvimento. Diante deste quadro, o objetivo deste estudo e analisar como as cidades digitais podem contribuir para o exercicio da cidadania com inclusao e prestacao de servicos aos consumidores de servicos publicos, criando possibilidades nos espacos urbanos com acoes tipicas de cidades digitais sustentaveis como mobilidade urbana, prestacao de servicos e atencao ao ser humano e, como estas podem afetar o desenvolvimento economico e social. A pesquisa orientou-se pelo metodo hipotetico-dedutivo lastreada em livros, artigos, legislacao, dados estatisticos e outros.