Showing papers by "University of Aberdeen published in 1969"
415 citations
194 citations
TL;DR: Screening of 2511 Aberdeen children revealed 121 who had asthma, a prevalence-rate of 4·8%, and children with severe asthma were mostly from social classes IV and v, and tended to come from families of 4 or more children.
187 citations
TL;DR: Ratings are presented for 650 stimuli from word-association lists on each of five scales: good—bad, pleasant—unpleasant, emotional—neutral, concrete—abstract, and easy to associate to—difficult to associateTo.
Abstract: Ratings are presented for 650 stimuli from word-association lists on each of five scales: good—bad, pleasant—unpleasant, emotional—neutral, concrete—abstract, and easy to associate to—difficult to associate to. The ratings are shown to be highly reliable, and to agree well with previously collected norms of a similar character. The intercorrelations of the five scales with one another and with word frequency are reported.
147 citations
TL;DR: The response of the chromosomes in root-tip cells of Vicia faba seedlings has been studied and it was concluded that although HN2 produces lesions in chromosomes independently of cell phase at the time of treatment, structural changes are only produced when the cells undergo DNA synthesis.
Abstract: The response of the chromosomes in root-tip cells of Vicia faba seedlings has been studied following the exposure of roots to 30 min combined treatments with [$^{3}$H]thymidine and 10$^{-6}$M nitrogen mustard (HN 2). Autoradiographs were prepared from squash preparations of root-tips sampled up to 3 days after exposure and metaphase cells were scored for the presence of labelling and for chromosomal aberrations. Only chromatid-type aberrations were induced by HN 2 treatment; chromosome-type aberrations characteristic of cells exposed to ionizing radiations whilst in the pre-DNA synthesis (G$\_{1}$) phase of interphase were not observed. At the first mitosis following treatment chromatid structural changes were observed in cells that were exposed to HN 2 whilst in the G$\_{1}$ and DNA synthesis (S) phases of interphase, but no aberrations were found in cells exposed whilst in the post-DNA synthesis (G$\_{2}$) phase. In the second mitosis following treatment chromatid-type aberrations were observed in cells that were originally exposed to HN 2 whilst in the G$\_{2}$ phase and were visibly undamaged at the first mitosis. The frequency of aberrations observed at the second mitosis in cells that were treated whilst in S or G$\_{2}$ was significantly higher than in S cells observed at the first mitosis. From these changes in response with cell phase and from the type of aberrations produced, it was concluded that although HN 2 produces lesions in chromosomes independently of cell phase at the time of treatment, structural changes are only produced when the cells undergo DNA synthesis. The nature of the lesions is discussed and it is suggested that chromatid aberrations arise as a result of misreplication of DNA at the sites of alkylation, and that a proportion of the original lesions may be repaired. It is concluded that the high frequency of intrachange relative to interchange aberrations and the localization of aberrations to the heterochromatic regions of the chromosomes are consequences of the requirement for simultaneous replication in chromosome regions that are involved in aberration. The results are compared with those obtained in X-irradiated cells and the relative frequencies of intrachange types induced by HN 2 are shown to be similar to the frequencies observed after X-irradiation of S cells but not of G$\_{2}$ cells. However, the intrachange frequencies do not conform with those predicted on Revell's exchange hypothesis for aberration formation and it is suggested that this lack of agreement is due to the formation in S cells of some isochromatid aberrations through a process of misreplication at a single lesion.
143 citations
132 citations
TL;DR: Results remove doubts raised by nonstereospecific effects of chloramphenicol on higher plant cells and support the concept that chloroplasts have evolved from prokaryotes.
Abstract: Chloroplast ribosomes from tobacco leaves show the same stereospecificity of inhibition by chloramphenicol as bacterial ribosomes do. Cytoplasmic ribosomes from the same leaves are unaffected by chloramphenicol. These results remove doubts raised by nonstereospecific effects of chloramphenicol on higher plant cells and support the concept that chloroplasts have evolved from prokaryotes.
122 citations
TL;DR: Observations on the extinction of phototactic and light-dependent feeding behaviour, using both white and coloured light, enabled visual thresholds and spectral sensitivity to be determined and it was found that the larval cones have spectral properties similar to those of adult teleosts.
Abstract: 1. Plaice and sole larvae have a pure-cone retina and no retinomotor responses. 2. Observations on the extinction of phototactic and light-dependent feeding behaviour, using both white and coloured light, enabled visual thresholds and spectral sensitivity to be determined. 3. Visual threshold decreased (that is, sensitivity increased) with age. The values for extinction of negative phototaxis ranged from 10 -4 -10 -6 m.c. 4. Sole larvae could feed in the dark from the early post-hatching stage, plaice larvae only at metamorphosis. Thus light intensity thresholds for feeding were only determinable in younger plaice larvae. The values ranged from 10°-10 -2 m.c. 5. The spectral sensitivity curves were plateau-like and photopic in nature. Thus the larval cones have spectral properties similar to those of adult teleosts. The differences in threshold obtained by the two techniques are probably a measure of the extent of recruitment of high-threshold cones required for image formation in feeding. 6. No evidence of a dermal light sense was found.
118 citations
TL;DR: It is found that cell elongation, cell enlargement and cell wall extensibility in a variety of tissues are related to protein synthesis in plants.
Abstract: IT is of interest to determine which metabolic changes in plants are linked directly to protein synthesis. Efforts have recently been made to demonstrate that protein synthesis is directly implicated in the ripening of pears1; the development of a malate decarboxylatioii system2, a lipid synthesizing system3 and ethylene biosynthesis4 in apple peel; the induction of isocitritase in germinating peanut5, nitrate reductase in radish cotyledons6 and cauliflower leaf7, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase8 and fatty acid synthetase9 in potato disks; gibberellic acid-promoted invertase activity in Avena internodes10 and α-amylase and ribonuclease activity in barley aleurone11; and, finally, cell elongation12, cell enlargement13 and cell wall extensibility14 in a variety of tissues.
111 citations
81 citations
TL;DR: The distribution of spinochrome pigments in the spines and test of over thirty species of echinoids has been surveyed and the data are presented along with other information taken from the literature.
TL;DR: In this article, the additive shielding effects of various substituents on the Me resonance frequencies have been deduced from NMR signals of triterpenes of the ursane, oleanane, and lupane series.
TL;DR: In this paper, a technique was devised which made it possible to rear about 12 % of newly hatched larvae of the pilchard Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) to a point well beyond the yolk-sac stage.
Abstract: After initial trials a technique was devised which made it possible to rear about 12 % of newly hatched larvae of the pilchard Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) to a point well beyond the yolk-sac stage. A survival rate of this order was considered quite satisfactory for larvae which are so small at hatching.
TL;DR: In a survey of 140 patients in the gynaecology wards of a large general hospital, the subjects were asked whether they suffered from any of the common hay-fever type allergies, for example, to flowers, bedding dust, etc, an incidence of 20 per cent was established.
Abstract: In a survey of 140 patients in the gynaecology wards of a large general hospital, the subjects were asked whether they suffered from any of the common hay-fever type allergies, for example, to flow...
TL;DR: In this article, force constants and normal coordinates for the cyclopropane molecule are reported for all the fundamental vibration frequencies and E ǫ Coriolis zeta constants of cyclops-H 5 and D 6, as well as Zeta constants for C 3 H 6, and the choice of valence symmetry coordinates are discussed.
TL;DR: Evidence is presented which indicates that cellulose is an excellent carbon source for protocorm growth in a variety of orchid-fungus systems including both temperate and tropical orchids.
Abstract: Summary
Orchid endophyte fungi are known to utilize cellulose and translocate carbon compounds into protocorms. Evidence is presented which indicates that cellulose is an excellent carbon source for protocorm growth in a variety of orchid-fungus systems including both temperate and tropical orchids. One per cent cellulose powder as compared with 1% dextrose as a carbon source enhanced the development of protocorms and led to a more sparse, controlled growth of the fungal endophyte and, subsequently, a diminished tendency to parasitism and death of the protocorms. It is not yet known whether cellulose is equally useful for root-bearing mature orchids but it may be the principal carbon source in nature for orchids in the symbiotic protocorm stage.
TL;DR: Examination of the internal skeleton of amphioxus supports the view of Ebner and Joseph2, who proposed a muscular nature of the notochord.
Abstract: As is evident from every textbook of zoology, the internal skeleton or notochord of amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) has been considered as a passive supporting organ by all but a very few investigators. Our examination, using modern techniques, however, supports the view of Ebner1 and Joseph2, who proposed a muscular nature of the notochord (Fig. 1).
TL;DR: In this paper, a preliminary analysis of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Er3+ (4f11) in LiYF4 has been made, with the aid of previous work on Er3 + in LaF3, various states have been identified.
Abstract: A preliminary analysis of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Er3+ (4f11) in LiYF4 has been made. With the aid of previous work on Er3+ in LaF3, various states have been identified. The Racah parameters giving the best overall agreement between the predicted `free ion' spectrum and the spectrum of Er3+:LiYF4 are identical with those for LaF3, that is E1 = 6747 cm-1, E2 = 31?63 cm-1, E3 = 635?8 cm-1 and ? = 2345 cm-1. An attempt has also been made to determine the nature of the crystal-field potential by considering the rare earth site as a tetragonally distorted cube. The most suitable crystal-field parameters were found to be B20 = -115 cm-1, B40 = -171 cm-1, B44 = -661 cm-1, B60 = +25?5 cm-1 and B64 = -168 cm-1.
TL;DR: Onithochiton neglectus a common littoral chiton possesses large numbers of small eyes embedded in the outer layer of the shell, the tegmentum, which it is thought that the lamellate bodies are also sensory.
Abstract: Onithochiton neglectus a common littoral chiton possesses large numbers of small eyes embedded in the outer layer of the shell, the tegmentum. These are arranged in a definite pattern on each shell valve. Each eye lies in a pocket, and is surrounded by pigment laid down in the shell. There is a lens, cup of retina cells and an optic nerve running in an optic canal through the shell. Glial elements are present. The retina cells give rise centrally to a packed array of microvilli, a rhabdom. Cilia are present at the edge of the rhabdom; they have a 9 + 2 arrangement of ciliary filaments and do not appear to be involved in the formation of microvilli. Cells at the periphery of the eye cup give rise to large whorls of membranes, lamellate bodies. These bodies are derived from the membranes of cilia having a 9 + 2 pattern, and form into an extra-cellular space. Nerve processes from the retina cells pass into the optic canal. On the basis of previous work it is thought that the lamellate bodies are also sensory. These structures are discussed in relation to other microvillar and lamellate structures described from photoreceptors.
TL;DR: The renal excretion of conjugated AP AP was significantly reduced in patients with renal disease, and this reduction was correlated with the glomerular‐filtration rate.
Abstract: Phenacetin metabolism was investigated in 11 patients with renal disease, 9 of whom had previously abused analgesics. Comparative studies were carried out in 6 healthy adult volunteers. Following an oral dose of 1.8 Gm. of phenacetin, the mean plasma concentrations of phenacetin and unconjugated N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol (APAP) were similar in the patients with renal disease and the healthy volunteers. Absorption often appeared to be slow and irregular. There was marked individual variation in the plasma concentration of phenacetin and free AP AP, and the values observed at one and 2 hours varied by a factor of 4 when the healthy volunteers received different preparations of phenacetin. The 24 hour urinary recovery of phenacetin, p‐phenetidine, 2‐sulfonyloxy‐4‐ethoxyaniline, and free AP AP was essentially the same in the patients with renal disease and healthy volunteers. The renal excretion of conjugated AP AP was significantly reduced in patients with renal disease, and this reduction was correlated with the glomerular‐filtration rate. AP AP, 2‐hydroxyphenacetin, and 3‐amino‐7‐ethoxyphenoxazone were identified on thin‐layer chromatograms of glusulasehydrolyzed urine extracts, and other unidentified metabolites were observed.
TL;DR: The synthesis of sulphurylase by turnip, lettuce, tomato, and Lemna plants grown under aseptic conditions is neither induced by sulphate nor repressed by cystine, and in the latter respect sulphate activation in plants differs from than in micro-organisms.
Abstract: ATP-sulphurylase was detected in extracts of roots and leaves of several species of higher plant. The enzyme occurs in the supernatant fraction, has a pH optimum of 8.0 and an absolute requirement for Mg2+ ions. Sulphurylase activity is inhibited by selenate and molybdate but not by cysteine, methionine, glutathione, or thiol reagents. The synthesis of sulphurylase by turnip, lettuce, tomato, and Lemna plants grown under aseptic conditions is neither induced by sulphate nor repressed by cystine, and in the latter respect sulphate activation in plants differs from than in micro-organisms. APS-kinase could not be detected in extracts of any tissue although its product was stable under the conditions used. Sulphate reduction in higher plants may thus proceed via adenylysulphate and not via phosphoadenylylsulphate as in many micro-organisms.
TL;DR: The peak renal tubular cell response coincided with the onset of massive tubular necrosis, and the subsequent fall in cell counts was associated with diminishing tubular Necrosis and increasing tubular regeneration.
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-cultural and cross-language comparison of dogmatism scores is presented, with a focus on cross-culture and cross language comparison of Dogmatism Scores.
Abstract: (1969). A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Language Comparison of Dogmatism Scores. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 19-24.
TL;DR: In this article, the Stockbarger technique was used to grow LiYF 4 at a rate of 0.6 mm/hr in a temperature gradient of 100°C/m from a melt of 48% YF 3 and 52% LiF under a pressure of 500 mm nitrogen.
TL;DR: Increases in ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase activity were detected in both the nuclear and ribosomal fractions of chick embryo cells infected with fowl-plague virus.
Abstract: Increases in ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase activity were detected in both the nuclear and ribosomal fractions of chick embryo cells infected with fowl-plague virus. These were observed only in the presence of all four nucleoside triphosphates and were not affected by actinomycin D. The RNA polymerase activity of the ribosomal fraction was shown to be associated with a component of infected cells of sedimentation coefficient approximately 70S. This component also contained infected cell-specific RNA and protein molecules.
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal structure of thaumasite, a hydrated calcium silicate sulphate carbonate mineral, was determined and the results showed the presence of [Si(OH)6]2− ions.
Abstract: WE have determined the crystal structure of thaumasite, a hydrated calcium silicate sulphate carbonate mineral. The results are interesting because they show the presence of [Si(OH)6]2− ions. Six-coordination of silicon by hydroxyl has not previously been proved to occur, though its existence has been postulated for silicate ions in aqueous solution1.
TL;DR: In this article, the molecular composition of plant hemicelluloses is considered in terms of polymolecularity, polydispersity and polydiversity, and the terms pure and total hemicellularity are defined in a way suitable for use in this and later papers.
TL;DR: In this article, the specific conductance and electroosmotic permeability of a homogeneous cation exchange membrane are reported as functions of composition and concentration of the ambient solutions of NaBr, CsBr, and SrBr2 and their mixtures at 25°C.
TL;DR: In this paper, the total hemicellulose (with galactose:glucose:arabinose:xylose ratio 2·8:11·4:10:23·5) was extracted from the holocellulose of the leaves of young oat plants, Avena sativa (var. Blenda), by treatments with 5 and 24% KOH.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results indicate that it is inappropriate to study the effect of growth on hemicellulosic composition solely by considering pure hemicelloarsuloses.