Showing papers by "University of Auckland published in 1972"
TL;DR: Preliminary evidence justifies further trials, but that further work is needed before any new routine procedure is established, as there may be an increased risk of fetal death in pregnancies complicated by severe hypertensionedema-proteinuria syndromes and treated with betamethasone.
Abstract: A controlled trial of betamethasone therapy was carried out in 282 mothers in whom premature delivery threatened or was planned before 37 weeks9 gestation, in the hope of reducing the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by accelerating functional maturation of the fetal lung. Two hundred and thirteen mothers were in spontaneous premature labor. When necessary, ethanol or salbutamol infusions were used to delay delivery while steroid or placebo therapy was given. Delay for at least 24 hours was achieved in 77% of the mothers. In these unplanned deliveries, early neonatal mortality was 3.2% in the treated group and 15.0% in the controls (p 0.01). There were no deaths with hyaline membrane disease or intraventricular cerebral hemorrhage in infants of mothers who had received betamethasone for at least 24 hours before delivery. The respiratory distress syndrome occurred less often in treated babies (9.0%) than in controls (25.8%, p 0.003), but the difference was confined to babies of under 32 weeks9 gestation who had been treated for at least 24 hours before delivery (11.8% of the treated babies compared with 69.6% of the control babies p. 0.02). There may be an increased risk of fetal death in pregnancies complicated by severe hypertensionedema-proteinuria syndromes and treated with betamethasone, but no other hazard of steroid therapy was noted. We conclude that this preliminary evidence justifies further trials, but that further work is needed before any new routine procedure is established.
2,252 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dislocation cell structure was developed in polycrystalline OFHC copper by deforming tensile specimens 10 per cent, one at each of the following temperatures: 25, 250, 400, 500, 550, 600, 650 and 700°C.
409 citations
TL;DR: A method for separating the single-stranded DNA fragments from denatured bacteriophage T5 DNA and measuring their molecular weights is developed and it is envisaged that the major fragments are delineated by “primary” interruptions present in every duplex molecule in the population and that superimposed on this basic structure are “secondary” interrupts which occur only at low frequency.
264 citations
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that chronic hyperactivity in children of normal IQ is a disorder discrete from neurosis and is probably an organic syndrome, most likely a biological variant rather than part of a continuum of reproductive casualty.
Abstract: Twenty hyperactive children were compared with neurotic and normal controls. Hyperactive children showed significantly more neurological abnormalities, principally an excess of soft signs reflecting sensorimotor incoordination, but no differences in major neurological signs, EEG abnormalities, or medical history. It is hypothesized that chronic hyperactivity in children of normal IQ is a disorder discrete from neurosis and is probably an organic syndrome, most likely a biological variant rather than part of a continuum of reproductive casualty. A test of interexaminer reliability showed most of the neurological signs to be highly reliably observable.
137 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that using a fixed mean field height of 400 km, the observed Faraday rotation gives the electron content up to a height h sub F of 2000 km with an accuracy of plus or minus 3%.
122 citations
TL;DR: Relative choice in all cases approximated the relative means of the squares of the harmonic intervals to reinforcement in the terminal links, and no effect of number of component intervals was demonstrated.
Abstract: Six pigeons were trained under a concurrent chains procedure so that preference for fixed-interval versus mixed-interval schedules with varying numbers of component intervals could be examined. The smallest and largest intervals in the terminal links were the same value as those used by Davison (1969). Relative choice in all cases approximated the relative means of the squares of the harmonic intervals to reinforcement in the terminal links, and no effect of number of component intervals was demonstrated. Mixed-interval versus fixed-interval choice could not be predicted from extant data on fixed-interval versus fixed-interval choice.
121 citations
TL;DR: I did not choose the title of this presentation, but had I done so, I would have been more careful in my selection of words.
Abstract: (1972). The Foetus as a Personality. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 99-105.
87 citations
TL;DR: Of the sessile organisms studied on the shore, bryozoans and Spirorbis occupied the most space and it is concluded that the attractive factor to H. adpressa larvae is a calcareous substrate but that pagurid tenancy of gastropod shells may have reinforced the evolutionary forces responsible for the association with shells.
Abstract: Summary The biological relationships of intertidal bryozoans from northern New Zealand are recorded. Bryozoans were found to be food organisms for echinoids, starfish, brittle-stars, chitons and opisthobranchs. Space competition between bryozoans and sessile organisms is discussed. Among opposing bryozoan colonies there are five growth responses that may be exhibited. Of the sessile organisms studied on the shore, bryozoans and Spirorbis occupied the most space. The association between Hippopodinella adpressa and gastropod shells is discussed with reference to current opinions regarding bryozoan-mollusc associations. It is concluded that the attractive factor to H. adpressa larvae is a calcareous substrate but that pagurid tenancy of gastropod shells may have reinforced the evolutionary forces responsible for the association with shells.
65 citations
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, light-scattering, viscosity and ultracentrifugal techniques have been applied to a number of amylopectin samples to confirm the very large size of the macromolecule, and shown that such values are real, and are not due to aggregation resulting from hydrogen-bonding.
Abstract: Light-scattering, viscosity and ultracentrifugal techniques have been applied to a number of amylopectin samples. These measurements have confirmed the very large size of the macromolecule, and shown that such values are real, and are not due to aggregation resulting from hydrogen-bonding. The hydrodynamic behaviour of amylopectin has been compared with that of the closely-related glycogen. The difference between the two has been shown to be due to the much more flexible, coil-like nature of the amylopectin. An examination has been made of the factors governing the extension of amylopectin as the pH is varied, and it is shown that under appropriate solvent conditions a “coil-to-helix” transformation may be observed. The conformation of the amylopectin molecule is discussed, and the concept that the macromolecule is a two-dimensional entity is proposed.
59 citations
TL;DR: Four pigeons were trained under concurrent variable-interval variable- Interval and fixed-intervals variable-Interval schedules in a two-key situation and showed an approximately constant proportional preference for the variable- interval schedule over the fixed- intervals.
Abstract: Four pigeons were trained under concurrent variable-interval variable-interval and fixed-interval variable-interval schedules in a two-key situation. Both response allocation and time allocation to the two schedules were measured when various reinforcement rates were arranged on each key. All animals showed an approximately constant proportional preference for the variable-interval schedule over the fixed-interval schedule. These results support Schneider's (1969) analysis of fixed-interval schedule performance.
TL;DR: Protein phosphorylation in vitro was not affected by adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, indol-3-ylacetic acid or gibberellic acid, and N(9)-unsubstituted purines, among which the known cytokinins were the most effective inhibitors.
Abstract: Kinetin stimulated phosphorylation of protein in floated Chinese-cabbage leaf discs, but inhibited protein phosphorylation in nuclei+chloroplast extracts from Chinese-cabbage or tobacco leaves. Kinetin also inhibited protein phosphorylation in isolated tobacco nuclei or nuclei from carrot secondary-phloem tissue. Purified Chinese-cabbage leaf ribosomes exhibited protein kinase activity which was inhibited by kinetin and zeatin. The ribosome-associated kinase responded to kinetin and zeatin differently from that associated with nuclei+chloroplast preparations. Protein phosphorylation in vitro was not affected by adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate, indol-3-ylacetic acid or gibberellic acid. It was only inhibited by N 9 -unsubstituted purines, among which the known cytokinins were the most effective inhibitors. The results are discussed in relation to possible similarities between the effects of cytokinins in plant tissues and the effects of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate in animal tissues. Both compounds appear to modify the activity of protein kinases and both affect many different cellular processes.
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental data are discussed in relation to the theory of thermally activated flow and it is shown that the results cannot be described in terms of a single mechanism unless the apparent activation energy depends on temperature as well as stress.
TL;DR: A model for the arrangment of major single-strand fragments in the duplex DNA molecules of T5+ and T5st(O) is proposed and it is suggested that the division between first-step-transfer DNA and the rest of the molecule is not associated with a single-Strand interruption.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the computed strength of these singularities for different values of a dimensionless parameter based on crack length, shell radius and shell thickness, and reported the strength of the singularities in a closed cylindrical shell under uniform internal pressure.
Abstract: A closed cylindrical shell under uniform internal pressure has a slit around a portion of its circumference. Linear shallow shell theory predicts inverse square-root-type singularities in certain of the stresses at the crack tips. This paper reports the computed strength of these singularities for different values of a dimensionless parameter based on crack length, shell radius and shell thickness.
TL;DR: The nervous system, reproductive system and mantle cavity show that the Hydatinidae are primitive opisthobranchs, closely related to the Acteonidae and the Bullinidae.
TL;DR: In this article, the original unconformable threefold subdivision of the sedimentary Mesozoic basement rocks of Coromandel is redefined as two conformable formations (Moehau and Tokatea Hill) within the Manaia Hill Group on the basis of gradational detrital content and structural continuity; the new sequence is inverted with respect to previous subdivision.
Abstract: The original unconformable threefold subdivision of the sedimentary Mesozoic basement rocks of Coromandel is redefined as two conformable formations (Moehau and Tokatea Hill) within Manaia Hill Group on the basis of gradational detrital content and structural continuity; the new sequence is inverted with respect to previous subdivision. Standard sections are described for both formations (Moehau 520–610 m minimum; Tokatea Hill 530 m maximum). The older formation (Moehau) is characterised by a lithic volcanic greywacke and sub-greywacke suite derived from calc-alkaline volcanic and plutonic rocks, and minor sedimentary rocks, whereas the younger formation (Tokatea Hill) is a feldspathic greywacke suite, almost devoid of volcanic detritus except near the base, derived from a more mature calc-alkaline plutonic landmass with minor sedimentary rocks. Moehau Formation and the lower part of the Tokatea Hill Formation are slope-deposited turbidites, whereas the upper Tokatea Hill Formation resulted from ...
TL;DR: The amount of A-rich oligonucleotides in reovirus is usually constant, but the amount of the other oligon nucleotides is about five times less in virus grown at 31° C than at 40° C, and the same is probably also true for the second class of oligonuclear molecules.
Abstract: IN addition to the ten double stranded segments of genome RNA, reovirions contain many hundreds of single-stranded oligoribonucleotides from 3 to 20 residues long, which fall into two classes. First, those precipitated by acid or ethanol and very rich in adenine1–2; second, those poorly or not precipitable and therefore shorter, such as the trinucleotidepppGpCpUOH3,4. The former class of molecules comprises the fraction previously designated “A-rich RNA”1, which has been shown to be a component of all three serotypes of human reoviruses2, as well as of avian reovirus5, irrespective of the nature of the host cell in which the virus was propagated1. These molecules are synthesized while viral progeny accumulate within the cell1; they do not appear free in the cytoplasm, but are found only in material which can be pelleted by centrifuging at 20,000g for 30 min1 with which maturing virus particles are also known to be associated6 and the same is probably also true for the second class of oligonucleotides. Although the amount of A-rich oligonucleotides in reovirus is usually constant, the amount of the other oligonucleotides is about five times less in virus grown at 31° C than at 40° C7.
TL;DR: It is suggested that local factors may permit infiltration by mononuclear cells and deposition of fibrin, which coincidentally weaken the cusp, predisposing to its rupture.
TL;DR: The antisera were used in the immunohistological demonstration of neurophysin in the posterior pituitary gland and the hypothalamic nuclei of a normal rat and a rat subjected to varying degrees of osmotic stress.
Abstract: Antiserum raised against porcine neurophysin-II and ovine neurophysin-III has been shown to cross react with the three neurophysins of the rat. The antisera were used in the immunohistological demonstration of neurophysin in the posterior pituitary gland and the hypothalamic nuclei of a normal rat and a rat subjected to varying degrees of osmotic stress. Depletion of neurosecretory material from the neural lobe of the stimulated rat is also accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the neurophysin and vasopressin content of the gland. Neurophysin is present in the cytoplasm of both the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.
TL;DR: In this article, the rate of exchange between sulphur dioxide and environmental water was investigated by passing a nonlaminar flow of air (bulk velocity ∼ 1.5 cm s−1) and 35SO2 at concentrations around 300 µg m−3 over stirred sodium perchlorate solutions.
Abstract: Liss1 has calculated the rate of exchange between sulphurdioxide and environmental water. We report here experimental work which verifies the results of his calculations. The rate of solution of SO2 at 20° C was examined by passing a nonlaminar flow of air (bulk velocity ∼1.5 cm s−1) and 35SO2 at concentrations around 300 µg m−3 over stirred sodium perchlorate solutions. The pH values of these solutions were adjusted by addition of sodium hydroxide or perchloric acid because ionic strength exerts little effect on rate of uptake. Oxidation of the sulphur (IV) anions in sodium perchlorate solution is small over the time scale involved (unpublished data of P. B.).
TL;DR: A study of the form and functioning of Aglaja cylindrica and aglaja aureopunctata can be found in this paper, where a short review of the histology of the digestive gland is also included.
Abstract: Summary A study of the form and functioning of Aglaja cylindrica and Aglaja aureopunctata. In this family the radula and gizzard plates are absent. In Aglaja cylindrica the buccal bulb has enlarged to form a pump used to suck in polychaete and nemertine worms. In Aglaja aureopunctata the buccal bulb can partially evert, enabling the species to ingest shelled opisthobranchs. In both species an oesophageal crop fulfils the role of the reduced stomach. A short review of the histology of the digestive gland is also included.
TL;DR: In this paper, the absorption of sulphur dioxide by sea water has been measured using a small scale laboratory apparatus with sulphur-35 sulfur dioxide at atmospheric concentrations, and the data suggest that gas-phase diffusion limits the absorption by sea waters and that the oceans may be a major sink for atmospheric sulfate dioxide.
TL;DR: A study of the mantle cavity, reproductive system, alimentary canal and nervous system of Bullina roseana Rudman, 1971 and Bullina lineata Gray, 1825 shows that this genus should be placed in a new family distinguishable from the Acteonidae by the presence of an unpaired oral gland, oral tube, oesophageal crop and central radular tooth.
TL;DR: In this article, the two mass representation of a water tower system, involving allowance for the convective motion of the fluid, is outlined and the validity of the model is substantiated by the results of a simple dynamic test on a prestressed concrete elevated water tank.
TL;DR: Most effective discriminator analysis showed that between 5 and 7 species were sufficient to discriminate between the 7 clusters almost as well as the full species list, and no discontinuities were apparent in the environment from the information available.
TL;DR: In this article, it is suggested that there are attitudes that cut across a simple liberal-conservative polarity and that this notion is in accord with events in New Zealand and elsewhere.
Abstract: Conservatism was conceived by the constructors of the C Scale as a generalized factor that affected all or most social attitudes. With the exception of Bagley's (1970) rotation, there has hitherto been available only unrotated factor matrices which demonstrate the existence of ‘general’, ‘sexual’, ‘racial’ and ‘religious’ conservatism factors. Some problems encountered whilst interpreting unrotated matrices are discussed. Also reported is an oblique rotation yielding 15 first-order factors which were subsequently reduced to four essentially uncorrelated third-order factors. The meaning of these factors is discussed. It is suggested that there are attitudes that cut across a simple liberal-conservative polarity and that this notion is in accord with events in New Zealand and elsewhere.