Showing papers by "University of Bolton published in 2022"

Analysis on security-related concerns of unmanned aerial vehicle: attacks, limitations, and recommendations

Abstract: Over time, the use of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles)/drones has increased across several civil and military application domains. Such domains include real-time monitoring, remote sensing, wireless coverage in disaster areas, search and rescue, product delivery, surveillance, security, agriculture, civil infrastructure inspection, and the like. This rapid growth is opening doors to numerous opportunities and conveniences in everyday life. On the other hand, security and privacy concerns for unmanned aerial vehicles/drones are progressively increasing. With limited standardization and regulation of unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, security and privacy concerns are growing. This paper presents a brief analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle's/drones security and privacy-related concerns. The paper also presents countermeasures and recommendations to address such concerns. While laying out a brief survey of unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, the paper also provides readers with up-to-date information on existing regulations, classification, architecture, and communication methods. It also discusses application areas, vulnerabilities, existing countermeasures against different attacks, and related limitations. In the end, the paper concludes with a discussion on open research areas and recommendations on how the security and privacy of unmanned aerial vehicles can be improved.

A comprehensive assessment of accuracy of adaptive integration of cut cells for laminar fluid-structure interaction problems

Abstract: Finite element methods based on cut-cells are becoming increasingly popular because of their advantages over formulations based on body-fitted meshes for problems with moving interfaces. In such methods, the cells (or elements) which are cut by the interface between two different domains need to be integrated using special techniques in order to obtain optimal convergence rates and accurate fluxes across the interface. The adaptive integration technique in which the cells are recursively subdivided is one of the popular techniques for the numerical integration of cut-cells due to its advantages over tessellation, particularly for problems involving complex geometries in three dimensions. Although adaptive integration does not impose any limitations on the representation of the geometry of immersed solids as it requires only point location algorithms, it becomes computationally expensive for recovering optimal convergence rates. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the adaptive integration of cut-cells for applications in computational fluid dynamics and fluid-structure interaction. We assess the effect of the accuracy of integration of cut cells on convergence rates in velocity and pressure fields, and then on forces and displacements for fluid-structure interaction problems by studying several examples in two and three dimensions. By taking the computational cost and the accuracy of forces and displacements into account, we demonstrate that numerical results of acceptable accuracy for FSI problems involving laminar flows can be obtained with only fewer levels of refinement. In particular, we show that three levels of adaptive refinement are sufficient for obtaining force and displacement values of acceptable accuracy for laminar fluid-structure interaction problems.

Level of oral cancer awareness among Indian rural population: A possible research model using knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) intervention and its utilisation in low resource settings of LMICs.

Abstract: A study was conducted to establish levels of awareness of oral cancer and its causes among an Indian population.A pre-tested structured questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice [KAP] (open and closed ended questionnaire) was used to estimate the KAP score, followed by clinical examination of the oral mucosal lesions. The subjects were counselled immediately after completion of KAP scoring using a structured protocol of regarding tobacco cession, and given advice about intake of natural sources of anti-oxidants in the diet, of tomato, carrot and green leafy vegetables (GLV).Subjects who had a KAP score 50% or less were counselled using a structured protocol. Subjects who had a KAP score greater than 50% were also counselled and given the correct information to their incorrect answers.In the group of people with a KAP score 50% or less, continual behavioural therapy was given to remain tobacco free for life. The subjects were monitored weekly for between 30 and 40 days. Clinically suspect lesions of hyperplasic candidiasis, lichen planus, and all varieties of Leucoplakia were confirmed histopathologically and routine treatment (conservative or surgical) was started without delay for the group. Those cases with dysplastic changes (of all different grades) were also counselled. Regular follow-up was maintained over several months and re-assessment carried out at intervals and any improvement noted. Conclusion This is a cost-effective and simple method for estimation of the score on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), and determinants of the ill-effect of tobacco habit(s) and engaging the popolation-in-need for their appropriate understanding about oral cancer screening and education for prevention and control.

The Making of a Monster

Abstract: Occurring between 1963 and 1965, the murders committed by Myra Hindley and Ian Brady are notorious in British criminal history. Whilst the crimes were callous and coldblooded, their infamy is largely the result of the media's enduring and relentless preoccupation with Hindley herself. Although it has been nearly 20 years since her death, Hindley continues to appear as a news story even in 2022. This chapter will critically analyse the media discourses that surrounded Hindley from her trial, through the years of her imprisonment, to the time of her death. Particularly, it will assess the detriment of press coverage to her bids for freedom in the context of public opinion and its effect upon politicians who were responsible for the setting and review of her life tariff.

Enhanced Energy-Efficient Fuzzy Logic Clustering and Network Coding Strategy for Wireless Sensor Networks (EEE-FL-NC)

Abstract: Battery energy is limited in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); thus energy is a key element in designing WSNs. In particular, the effective utilization of energy becomes the major challenge during the design of routing protocols for WSNs, and the ultimate aim of the routing protocols is to extend the network lifespan of Wireless Sensor Networks by efficiently utilizing node energy. Clustering is one kind of mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks to prolong the network lifetime and to reduce overall energy consumption. This paper used fuzzy logic for electing cluster heads based on 7 different descriptors–(delay, distance from the base station, RSSI, density, residual energy, location suitability, and Compacting) in each round. Dedicated network coder nodes in the bottleneck zone used network coding algorithms to improve data transmission rate. This sequentially improves the overall network lifetime. NS2 simulation tool and C++ programming language have been used to simulate and implement the proposed routing protocol. The simulation results proved that EEE-FL-NC protocol outperforms based on throughput, energy consumption, and the average lifetime of the network while comparing with the state-of-the art protocols like FL-NC-EEC, LEACH, K-means-LEACH, FL-EEC, and F-LEACH- [1]/D.

"Racially Charged": Negotiating Black Politics on the Superhero TV Adaptation, Black Lightning

Abstract: This project takes Black Lightning as a case study of the representation of Black superheroes in comic book television adaptations. By focusing on the three main superheroes Jefferson Pierce/Black Lightning; Anissa Pierce/Thunder/Black Bird; and Jennifer Pierce/Lightning, this project examines the ways in which the show relies on the superhero semantics and mediates Black Christianity to negotiate Black political thought and respond to contemporary racial politics in the US. More precisely, it focuses on Jefferson's representation as an actor of Black respectability politics; Anissa's positioning as a radical activist and superhero often in conflict with the politics of respectability; and finally, Jennifer's political reawakening at a moment when the "post-racial" myth is prevalent in the US.