Showing papers by "University of Jena published in 1979"

On ω-regular sets

Abstract: The investigation of the acceptional power of finite automata with respect to several notions of acceptance for ω-sets, done in the literature, has exhibited six subclasses of the class of ω-regular sets. These classes are well characterized by means of topology and set representation. First we give an overview of these results. The main aim of this paper is the investigation of further natural subclasses of the class of ω-regular sets. We define such subclasses by three methods: by the structural complexity of accepting automata, by the m-reducibility with finite automata, and by topological difficulty. It turns out that these classifications coincide or are at least comparable to each other.

Antibiotics from basidiomycetes. IX. Oudemansin, an antifungal antibiotic from Oudemansiella mucida (Schrader ex Fr.) Hoehnel (Agaricales).

Abstract: From mycelial cultures of Oudemansiella mucida a crystalline optically active antibiotic, oudemansin (2), has been isolated; its structure is closely related to strobilurin A (1). The relative configuration of oudemansin have been determined by X-ray analysis. The antibiotic exhibits strong antifungal properties and inhibits respiration in fungi, cells of the ascitic form of EHRLICH carcinoma, and rat liver mitochondria.

Kritische Revision der „Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens I. Geschichte, Morphologie und Chorologie

Abstract: In der allgemeinen Einleitung einer in mehreren Teilen erscheinenden systematischen Bearbeitung der bisher in der Gattung Thlaspi L. gefuhrten Arten aus Europa, Vorderasien und Afrika wird nach bereits erfolgter Veroffentlichung eines Conspectus dieser Arten ein historischer Uberblick uber die Gattung Thlaspi gegeben und morphologische bzw. anatomische Merkmale einer Wertung unterzogen. Als wertvoll erwies sich u. a. die Struktur der Samentesta, die bei Thlaspi s. str. einen eigenen Charakter zeigt und sich von allen anderen bisherigen Thlaspi-Arten unterscheidet. Dadurch erweisen sich die zu Thlaspi s. str. gehorigen Arten als eigener Komplex, von dem sich die anderen bisherigen Thlaspi-Arten deutlich unterscheiden. Die charakteristischen Unterschiede der auserhalb dieses Thlaspi-Komplexes stehenden zahlreichen Arten erlauben wiederum eine starkere Gattungsdifferenzierung, das sich die bisherige Gattung Thlaspi als Mosaik verschiedener Gattungen zeigt, deren engerer oder weiterer systematischer Verwandtschaftsgrad sich erst nach umfassenderen Studien innerhalb verschiedenster Gattungen der Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) feststellen lassen wird. Eine Subordinierung dieser Verwandtschaftskreise als „Untergattungen” von Thlaspi ist nicht moglich, da der morphologisch-anatomische Abstand zu gros ist. Ein Verharren auf dem bisherigen Umfang einer heterogenen Gattung Thlaspi wurde einer Zusammenfassung vieler anderer bisher gut unterschiedener Gattungen in der Familie der Brassicaceae Vorschub leisten und nicht die naturlichen Verhaltnisse widerspiegeln. Beigegebene Abbildungen von Fruchten und Samentesten verschiedener Arten sollen diese Ansicht untermauern. Abschliesend wird die geographische Verbreitung der einzelnen Gattungen dargestellt, die bei Noccaea Moench auch kurz deren weite Verbreitung durch Nordasien und das extratropische Amerika streift. In the general introduction of a taxonomical revision of the genus Thlaspi L. from Europa, the Near East and Africa — a conspectus of the species till now comprised within this genus has already been published — a historical survey of the genus Thlaspi is given. Morphological resp. anatomical characters have been judged. The structure of the seedtesta inter alia exhibited a different pattern which proved to be valuable for differentiation. In Thlaspi s. str. this pattern revealed to be well distinguishable from all the other Thlaspi-species hitherto put in this genus; thus showing Thlaspi s. str. a species-complex of its own. The characteristical differences of the numerous species out of the Thlaspi s. str.-complex allow further separation of different genera, so that the hitherto existing genus Thlaspi has been found to be a mosaic of different genera. The degree of their closer or wider relationship, however, could be investigated after extensive studies in different genera of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). A subordination of these complexes of closer relationship as subgenera of the genus Thlaspi is impossible, because the morphological and anatomical differences are too great. A persistency in the hitherto scope of a heterogenous genus Thlaspi is considered unreasonable and would encourage a greater humping of many genera within the family Brassicaceae which are well separated till now. This would not reflect the natural conditions. Additional figures of fruits and seedtestas of different species support this view. Finally the geographical distribution of the several genera has been described which in Noccaea Moench shows shortly the wide extension of this genus throughout northern Asia and the extratropical America.

Theoretical description of elastic atom—atom scatteringd

Abstract: Recent measurements of Lindhar's scattering function are used as starting point for some theoretical investigations of the elastic atom-atom scattering within the quasistatic model. Good agreement is found for scattering of light ions on heavy atoms. For heavy collision partners the theoretical results agree in average with the experiments but don't provide the oscillations in full magnitude. This deviation is caused by neglecting the deformation of electron distributions. Ausgehend von neueren Messungen der Lindhardschen Streufunktion werden einige theoretische Untersuchungen zur elastischen Atom-Atom-Streuung im Rahmen des quasistatischen Modells gemacht. Im Falle der Streuung leichter Ionen an schweren Atomen wird eine gute Ubereinstimmung erhalten. Fur schwere Stospartner stimmen die theoretischen Ergebnisse im Mittel mit den Experimenten uberein, liefern jedoch zu schwache Oszillationen. Diese Abweichung entsteht durch das Vernachlassigen der Deformation der Elektronenverteilungen.

C-Phycocyanin—the main photoreceptor in the light dependent germination process of Anabaena akinetes

Abstract: Action spectra obtained for the light dependent germination process of Anabaena akinetes, as determined according to different photon flux rate response relationships (24 wavelengths between 400 nm and 750 nm) uniformly demonstrate a maximum between 620 nm and 630 nm. Thus the most active spectral range for the germination process coincides with the maximum of the light absorption by C-phycocyanin. Sine germination is only slightly impaired when electron transport is blocked by DCMU, the formation of photosynthetic products as prerequiste of germination is rather unlikely. The participation of phycocyanin in cyclic photophosphorylation and in other photochemical processes is discussed with respect on possible participation in stimulating. There are indications of different flux rate and wavelength dependencies of germination and growth, respectively.

Phasenumwandlungen von kristallin‐flüssigen Modifikationen durch photochemische Isomerisierung

Abstract: Phase Transitions of Liquid Crystalline Modifications by Photochemical Isomerisation On irradiating of liquid crystalline phases of aromatic azo- and azoxy-compounds, stilbenes or of derivatives of cinnamic acid by light of appropriate wave lengths the liquid crystalline phase will be converted into the isotropic liquid. In case of the azo- and azoxy-compounds studied this process is reversible, in case of the stilbene and cinnamic acid derivatives partially irreversible. The experimental results indicate that the photoinduced phase transition is caused by a trans-cis-isomerisation. For azo-compounds with more liquid crystalline phases also photoinduced transitions are possible between different liquid crystalline phases.

Phosphate inhibition of secondary metabolism in Streptomyces hygroscopicus and its reversal by cyclic AMP.

Abstract: Inorganic phosphate inhibited the biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic turimycin in different strains of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. In the wild type strain a depression was observed with increasing phosphate concentrations. A total inhibition was found at 0.1 M phosphate. In a high producing mutant a minimum of turimycin production occured when the phosphate concentration was between 5 mM and 10 mM. Above this concentration the antibiotic synthesis increased again but the production period shifted to a later period of cultivation. Addition of inorganic phosphate resulted in an initial increase of intracellular cyclic AMP content. But a second elevation characterizing the normal level of cyclic AMP throughout the growth phase was prevented by phosphate. Exogenous cyclic AMP as well as positive effectors of the adenylyl cyclase system were able to overcome the phosphate suppression. Cyclic AMP abolished the reduction of protein synthesis following phosphate addition and caused the reappearance of a protein band which may be responsible for the turimycin biosynthesis.

Scanning electron microscopic investigations on the morphology and phase conversions of uroliths.

Abstract: The most frequent structures of the majority of possible urolith components are assessed by scanning electron microscopic investigations. Typical examples for the conversion of uric acid dihydrate into uric acid, weddellite into whewellite and MgHN4PO4·6H2O into MgNH4PO4·H2O are given.

A contribution to the formation mechanism of calcium oxalate urinary calculi. IV. Experimental investigations of the intrarenal crystallisation of calcium oxalate in rabbit.

Abstract: Rabbits were given glyoxylic acid to induce intrarenal calcium oxalate crystal formation. The point of crystallisation in the renal tubule, the structure and the composition of the intrarenal crystals were studied. The initial crystallisation takes place in the proximal tubule. Calcium phosphate formation was excluded by microprobe examination. The comparison of the structures of the intrarenally formed crystals with those of Whewellite stones by scanning electron microscopy and the examination of isolated crystals by x-ray diffraction showed the intratubular crystals to consist of Whewellite.

A criterion of insensitivity for a class of queueing systems with random marked point processes

Abstract: For a wide class of queueing models which is described by a formalism the problem is searched that the steady state probabilities are insensitive with respect to the distributions of the sequences of certain basic random variables (e.g. service on a fixed device) of the queueing model. The random variables in such a sequence may be dependent. Moreover functional dependences described by speeds for the working off of the basic random variables are allowed. In the paper a stationary distribution for the models and its attached Palm distribution in such points where they change their “macrostates” are given, if an algebraic criterion is fulfilled by the models. Thus earlier papers which deal with the insensitivity pro mem are generalized. Also a new idea for the proof of the sufficiency of the algebraic criterion is used. Some formulas for imbedded steady state probabilities and mean sojourn times in certain state sets are concluded.

Foam behavior of biological media

Abstract: A simple method was developed for evaluating foam stability. The influence of KCl and MgSO4 on foam stability of bovine serum albumin foams was investigated. These salts increase foaminess, but diminish foam stability by the same degree. Thus there is little overall.

Zur stabilität der komplexen anionen bei der kationischen polymerisation

Abstract: The counterions appearing in the mechanism of the cationic polymerization are able to decay according to and so give rise to termination reactions. For the model systems (C6H5)3C⊕MtX⊖n+1(Mt = B, Al, Sn, P, As, Sb, In, Ti, Fe; X = F, Cl, Br) the decay has been investigated by spectroscopic and conductometric methods. The overall decay rate constant kz is hardly influenced by traces of water (cH2O<10−3mol.l−1) and by structure variations of the cation. On the other hand, kz increases by decreasing the concentration of the salt. When the structure is varied kz increases with decreasing donor strength of the ligands X; the sensitivity of the anion to changes in the ligand sphere increases corresponding to the ionization potential of the central atom Mt. Addition of tetracyanoethylene raises the stability of the anions. The results can be explained by the HSAB principle and fit well in a scheme of stabilization of anions by acceptors.

Decomposition Methods for Function Spaces of B p,qs Type and F p,qs Type

Abstract: In the paper there are considered the spaces B, and F, containing BESOV spaces (= LIPSCHITZ spaces), HOLDER-ZYGMUND spaces, SOBOLEV-LEBESGUE spaces (= BESSEL potential spaces), HARDY spaces, and generalizations of them The proofs use decomposition methods in Rn and the related FEFFERMAN-STEIN-PEETRE technique

Zur Struktur mechanisch erzeugter amorpher Quarzschichten

Abstract: Durch die mechanische Bearbeitung in einer Schwingmuhle wird eine Amorphisierung des Quarzes erreicht, indem die Fernordnung aufgehoben wird. Die durch den Quarz vorgepragte Nahordnung bleibt jedoch fur r < 0.65 nm zu rund 50% bestehen. Die Struktur des durch mechanische Bearbeitung zerstorten Quarzes unterscheidet sich im Nahordnungsbereich von der der amorphen Kieselsaure. Die Entstehung von Sauerstoffdefektelektronen-Zentren, die an die O2-Anwesenheit gebunden sind, wird im Zusammenhang mit der mechanisch zerstorten Quarzstruktur diskutiert. By mechanical treatment of quartz in a vibration mill an amorphization is reached connected with the loss of distance order. The near order of quartz in the range r < 0.65 nm is kept on to 50%. There is a difference in the structure between the near order of mechanical treated quartz and of amorphous silica. The formation of oxygen defect electron centres — they are only formed in presence of O2 — is discussed in connection with the special structure of quartz, the order of which is mechanically destroyed.

Untersuchungen über Poly(arylenvinylen)e. 21. Mitteilung. Synthese von Poly(arylen‐1,2‐diphenylvinylen)en durch Dehalogenierungspolykondensation von Bis(α,α‐dichlorbenzyl)aromaten

Abstract: Hochmolekulare, losliche Poly(arylen-1,2-diphenylvinylen)e mit 1,3-Phenylen-, 4,4′-Diphenyl-, 4,4′-Diphenylether- und 4,4′-Diphenylsulfid-Gliedern in der Hauptkette werden durch Dehalogenierungspolykondensation von Bis(α,α-dichlorbenzyl)aromaten mit Chrom(II)acetat dargestellt. Die Polykondensate zeigen eine hohe Thermostabilitat. Poly(4,4′-diphenylen-1,2-diphenylvinylen) ist ein hervorragender Photoleiter, der transparente Filme bildet. Sein Photoleitfahigkeitsspektrum und die sensibilisierende Wirkung von 1,4-Bis (β-cyanostyryl)benzol und Delor auf die Photoleitfahigkeit werden mitgeteilt. Ein neues, einfaches Verfahren zur Synthese von Bis (α,α-dichlorbenzyl)aromaten wird beschrieben, das in einer zweifachen Friedel-Crafts-Reaktion von α,α,α-Trichlormethyl-benzol mit mehrkernigen oder aktivierten Aromaten (z. B. Diphenyl, Diphenylether, Hydrochinondimethylether) besteht. Verschiedene Synthesewege fur Bis(α,α-dichlorbenzyl)aromaten werden erortert. High molecular weight, soluble poly(arylene-1,2-diphenylvinylene)s with 1,3-phenylene, 4,4′-diphenyl, 4,4′-diphenylether and 4,4′-diphenylsufide units in the back bone are synthesized by dehalogenation polycondensation reaction of bis(α,α-dichlorobenzyl)arenes employing chromous acetate. The polycondensation products exhibit high thermostability. Poly(4,4′-diphenylene-1,2-diphenylvinylene) is an outstanding photoconductive material, forming transparent films. The spectral dependence of the photoconductivity as well as the sensitizing activity of 1,4-bis(β-cyanostyryl)benzene and Delor on the photoconductivity are described. A new one step synthesis of bis(α,α-dichlorobenzyl)arenes is presented, which is based on a towfold Friedel-Crafts reaction of α,α,α-trichloromethyl-benzene with polynuclear or activated aromatic compounds. Different methodes to synthesize bis(α,α-dichlorobenzyl)arenes are discussed.

Messungen zur Ermittlung des Blutvolumendurchflusses in großen retinalen Gefäßen des Menschen

Abstract: Es wird eine kombinierte Meseinheit fur das Retinophot beschrieben, mit der sowohl Langenmessungen, als auch Indikatorlaufzeitmessungen an grosen retinalen Gefasen des Menschen durchgefuhrt werden konnen. Somit ist es moglich, den Blutvolumendurchflus in grosen retinalen Gefasstucken zu ermitteln. Die Indikatorlaufzeitmessung wurde auf der Basis der Zwei-Punkte-Photometrie realisiert. Das Prinzip der Langenmessung beruht auf der Planplattenmikrometrie. Erste Mesergebnisse werden vorgestellt.

A topological approach to crystal vacancy studies I. Model crystallites with a single vacancy

Abstract: A simple topological method, based on distance matrix and the Wiener number, is developed for crystal vacancies modelling. It correctly predicts the favoured vacancy positions in the lattice. The major trends in vacancy migrations, as well as their activation energies are also examined within this approach. Eine einfache topologische Methode, beruhend auf der Distanzmatrix und der Wiener-Zahl, wird zur Modellierung von Kristallvakanzen entwickelt. Die Trends fur die Be wegung einer Vakanz und die fur die Bewegung wichtige Aktivierungsenergie werden diskutiert.

Electron microscopical-immunocytochemical evidence of ecdysteroids in the prothoracic gland of Galleria mellonella.

Abstract: Fixation of prothoracic glands of Galleria mellonella with a solution containing saponin permits immunocytochemical staining of the entire gland. By this means ecdysteroids were demonstrated electron microscopically to be present in the hyaloplasm and microtubules.

Intensity fluctuations in a ring laser taking into consideration a spatial population-inversion grating

Abstract: The correlation functions of the intensity fluctuations are calculated by use of a linearization procedure for the equations of motion which include the coupling of the counter-rotating travelling waves of the ring laser in the cases of Doppler broadening, of homogeneous broadening with a self-induced population-inversion grating, and in intermediate cases. Depending on the strength of the mode competition various stable stationary solutions exist for the amplitudes. The transition between these stable states shows phenomena closely resembling phase transitions such as critical fluctuations, critical slowing down, etc. In particular, when the system passes from the state where both modes are above threshold to the state where one mode is below threshold, the negative cross-correlation of the fluctuations also becomes critical. In the case of the transient behaviour of the ring laser in the unstable region the time development of the amplitudes and the correlation functions are described in a short-time approximation.

Horseradish peroxidase as a label of injured cells

Abstract: The present study is concerned with artifacts likely to occur in a horseradish peroxidase exclusion test. Incubation of murine peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes with the peroxidase showed a close relationship between the number of living cells and the percentage of cells excluding the tracer. The penetration of the cytoplasm by horseradish peroxidase is attributed to an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane during the incubation (ranging from 10 to 120 min). It was not increased by the presence of tracer throughout the incubation period. However, concomitant fixation of the cell in the presence of horseradish peroxidase caused an increase in the influx of the tracer. The horseradish peroxidase exclusion test applied to the guinea-pig organ of Corti has proved to be valid provided that: (a) mechanical lesions prior to the tracer incubation are avoided; (b) incubation is terminated by removal of the extracellular tracer; (c) fixation is carried out as soon as possible; (d) a low concentration of horseradish peroxidase is used; and (e) specimens are incubated in diaminobenzidine-H2O2 medium for the shortest possible period. Although fixation-induced cytoplasmic infiltration by horseradish peroxidase was not detected in cochlear specimens, the findings call attention to possible sources of error and define the level of significance of the test. Horseradish peroxidase does not appear to be a cytotoxic agent under the conditions used.

Ultrastructure of the Y-organ of Astacus astacus (L.) (Crustacea) in relation to the moult cycle

Abstract: The electron microscopical investigation of Y-organs of Astacus astacus revealed that during intermoult (stage C) the cytoplasm is poorly developed and that it increases at premoult (stage D). It then shows the typical signs of steroid production, namely agranular endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of the tubular type. Furthermore, a larger type of mitochondria with a regular pattern of internal structure is described.