Showing papers by "University of Maine published in 1969"

Calorific values of benthic marine algae and their postulated relation to invertebrate food preference

Abstract: Data are given on the kcal/g dry weight, percent ash, and kcal/ash-free g of dry weight for 1 marine diatom species, 70 macroscopic benthic algae, and 1 marine tracheophyte species. For 41 of these, the data have also been converted to kcal/g wet weight. Calorific values, though relatively homogeneous within genera, appear to be influenced by phyletic affinity, water purity, or depth of immersion, and such ecological properties as growth form, generation time, and relative susceptibility to herbivory. Seasonal factors, portion of the plant combusted and growth rate appear to have little effect. The food preferences of various invertebrate herbivores seem to have evolved more in response to an availability factor than to absolute food value.

Influence of Electric Fields on the Molecular Alignment in the Liquid Crystal p-(Anisalamino)-phenyl Acetate

Abstract: The effects of electric fields on the molecular alignment in the liquid crystal p-(anisalamino)-phenyl acetate are discussed The behavior of this material is similar to that of p-azoxyanisole in that the ordering which is normally observed shows an alignment with the molecular axis preferring a direction parallel to the field at low audio frequencies, and perpendicular to the field for frequencies of a few hundred kHz Results comparing the effectiveness of electric and magnetic fields for producing molecular alignment are presented which support a theory presented earlier to explain the ordering in p-azoxyanisole at audio frequencies This theory involves the anisotropy associated with the electrical conductivity Results are also presented which show that the effectiveness of dc electric fields is comparable to that for low audio frequencies A few comments are made concerning recent work employing electric fields to produce ordering in liquid crystals for NMR studies

A Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Cluster Analysis

Abstract: This paper considers the problem of partitioning N entities into M disjoint and nonempty subsets clusters. Except when both N and N-M are very small, a search for the optimal solution by total enumeration of all clustering alternatives is quite impractical. The paper presents a dynamic programming approach that reduces the amount of redundant transitional calculations implicit in a total enumeration approach. A comparison of the number of calculations required under each approach is presented in Appendix A. Unlike most clustering approaches used in practice, the dynamic programming algorithm will always converge on the best clustering solution. The efficiency of the dynamic programming approach depends upon the rapid-access computer memory available. A numerical example is given in Appendix B.

A review of the soil-moisture relationship in potatoes

Abstract: From the above review it is evident that a high soil moisture content should be maintained at all stages of plant growth to obtain high yields of potatoes. The soil moisture should never be allowed to drop below 50% of the available range of moisture.

Persistence of DDT in wild populations of small mammals.

Abstract: THE protracted persistence of DDT and some other organochlorine insecticides in soils is well documented1,2. While it has also been shown that these persistent residues can contaminate a resident fauna3, there has been little indication of the duration of this relationship once treatment ceases, except for observations covering a year or two4,5. We now present data of pesticide residues from small mammals covering a period of 9 years after single applications of DDT applied to forests at a rate of 0.89 kg/hectare (1 pound/acre). These treatments were for control of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in northern Maine, United States.

Mawson "tillite" in antarctica: preliminary report of a volcanic deposit of jurassic age.

Abstract: Reexamination of the Mawson "Tillite" (Jurassic) of Antarctica indicates that the deposit is of volcanic origin and consists largely of both primary and reworked volcanic materials. No evidence diagnostic of a glacial origin was found.

The intestinal absorption of methionine in chickens provided with permanent Thiry-Vella fistulas.

Abstract: Die Darmresorption von Methionin und seine Analoge bei Huhnern wurde in vivo untersucht. Das Verhaltnis der mittleren Resorption vonl- undd-Methionin stimmt befriedigend uberein mit aus In-vitro-Versuchen erhaltenen Aussagen uber Kinetik und Konstanten. Es wurden verhaltnismassig niedrige Transportgeschwindigkeiten gemessen fur die N-azetylierten und Hydroxyanalogen von Methionin.

Pectic enzyme production by two strains of pseudomonas fluorescens associated with the pinkeye disease of potato tubers

Abstract: A bacterium identified asPseudomonas fluorescens was isolated from pinkeye lesions of infected Kennebec potato tubers. Two isolates which rapidly macerated tuber slices were selected for further study. Supernatants from macerated potato tuber slices inoculated previously with either isolate 13 or 31 ofP. fluorescens contained pectic enzyme activity. Trace amounts of pectin methylesterase activity were observed in the supernatants. Optimum viscosity reduction of sodium polypectate (NaPP) or pectin substrates by the enzyme complexes occurred at pH 8.6 and 7.2 respectively.

Possible Supernumerary Chromosomes in the Lobster, Homarus Americanus 1)

Abstract: [An 6 Individuen von Homarus americanus wurden Chromosomenzahlungen in testikularen mitotischen und meiotischen Zellen vorgenommen. Bei mitotischen Zahlungen wurden 138, bei meiotischen 69 Chromosomen ermittelt. Dieser Befund legt eine diploide Anzahl von 138 nahe. Eine relative grose Anzahl meiotischer Zahlungen, welche um 1 oder 2 von der Modalzahl abweicht, wird als Hinweis auf uberzahlige Chromosomen und mitotische Instabilitat gedeutet., An 6 Individuen von Homarus americanus wurden Chromosomenzahlungen in testikularen mitotischen und meiotischen Zellen vorgenommen. Bei mitotischen Zahlungen wurden 138, bei meiotischen 69 Chromosomen ermittelt. Dieser Befund legt eine diploide Anzahl von 138 nahe. Eine relative grose Anzahl meiotischer Zahlungen, welche um 1 oder 2 von der Modalzahl abweicht, wird als Hinweis auf uberzahlige Chromosomen und mitotische Instabilitat gedeutet.]

The effect of early weaning on the sexual behavior and reproductive success of ranch mink

Abstract: The effects of early weaning on the sexual behavior and reproduc- tive success of ranch mink (Mustela vison) were tested. Male and female mink were weaned at various ages from 5 to more than 10 weeks after birth. The be- havior associated with reproduction during their first breeding season was analyzed and a critical socialization period for exhibition of this behavior delimited. Females weaned prior to 8 weeks post-partum were significantly easier to breed than females weaned at 8 weeks of age or older. Successful breeding performances by the males apparently depended on a critical period of socialization in the litter en- vironment occurring within 5 to 8 weeks after birth. Visual isolation appeared to inhibit reproductive behavior somewhat, possibly due to an asynchrony in physio- logical development. The experience achieved in ludic behavior during the early period of so- cialization of a mammal is considered as a necessary prerequisite for normal expression of adult behavior. Scott (1962) attributed learning in play ac- tivities to be defined in critical periods of socialization. However, conflicting evidence regarding the effect of raising male mammals in isolation on sexual response was reported by Beach (1958) and Folman and Drori (1965). These differences in results may be explained by comparison of the ages at which the animals were weaned. If the social contact was eliminated before the critical socialization period for adult sexual behavior, abnormal responses might be expected regardless of social environment thereafter, Certain difficulties have been encountered with the use of young male ranch mink (Mustela vison) during their first breeding season. The number of females impregnated and therefore litters produced by these males are lower than when more mature males are used (Enders, 1952). In this study we attempted to correlate socialization of the male and visual isolation with breeding performance and to delimit the critical socialization period for ex- pression of this behavior. The breeding performance of female mink weaned at different ages was also studied to determine if differences attributable to weaning age existed.

Range Extension of the North American Estuarine Isopod Crustacean, Cyathura Polita (Stimpson, 1855) 1)

Abstract: noctialis (Lund) in the laboratory, with a revision of the larval characters of the genus. Journ. Deep Sea Res. Saisho, T., 1962. Notes on the early development of a scyllarid lobster, Parribacus antarcticus (Lund). Mem. Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Univ., 11 (2): 174-178. Thomson, G. M., 1907. Note on the development of Palinurus edwardsi. Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 39: 484-485. Von Bonde, C, 1936. The reproduction, embryology and metamorphosis of the Cape Crawfish (Jasus lalandii) (Milne Edwards) Ortmann. Invest. Rep. Fish. mar. Biol. Surv. S. Afr., 6: 1-2*5.

Trajectory and Spreading of a Turbulent Jet in the Presence of a Crossflow of Arbitrary Velocity Distribution

Abstract: The trajectory and spreading of a turbulent circular jet of air issuing from a wall in a perpendicular or near perpendicular fashion into a crossflow whose velocity component along the wall may vary arbitrarily in the direction normal to the wall is treated in a semianalytic fashion. The method of attack on the problem was instigated by the work of Abramovich on the turbulent circular jet of air in a constant velocity crossflow. Results for the trajectories and spreading are presented for the two special cases of a constant velocity crossflow and a crossflow whose velocity varies linearly in a direction normal to the wall. For the constant velocity case, experimental results are available in Abramovich and the analysis undertaken here shows good agreement with those results.Copyright © 1969 by ASME

A Profile of the Academy Of Management Member

Abstract: This article presents a study that profiles the typical member of the Academy of Management, developed through a mail survey conducted in 1967. 410 questionnaires were returned of the 833 mailed. T...

Environmental Effects of Rural Land Use

Abstract: ECONOMIC growth in the United States generates various phenomena, one of which is its urbanizing effect on the entire society. This urbanization process likewise affects rural communities and the use of land resources in rural areas. National attention has been focused recently on social and economic conditions in rural America [11]. Economic growth brought also a much greater interdependence of people, regions and resources. The economic hinterland of a "fundamental community of 1968 is about 50 miles and its area is about 5,000 square miles ... the functional economic areas of 1968 include from 100,000 to 200,000 or more people" [5, p. 1139]. The term rural land use, might be subject to different interpretations because the differentiation between urban and rural land use has recently become blurred, especially when analyzed from a sociological and economic point of view [1]. The use of land resources is frequently associated with the resource oriented industries such as agriculture, forestry, mining, and, in coastal areas, the fishing industry. Rural land use is sometimes used as a synonym for sparsely populated areas of the United States. I wish to define rural land use as the physical and economic supply of natural resources in non-urban areas, where urban is to include the urban fringe area. Rural land use, or somewhat rephrased, the use of the open country, currently receives national attention as a "by-product" of the emphasis placed on the quality of environment. Several trends are affecting the current use of land resources in rural areas. Clawson observed in this respect that "a major but unplanned and unguided redistribution pattern of the population on land is underway in the United States" [4, p. 65]. Rising disposable income generated an increase in demand for a large number of outdoor recreation opportunities, as well as for seasonal (or second) homes. The location of these homes has an impact on the land use pattern in rural areas. The interstate highway system provides easy access to rural areas and connects these areas with metropolitan regions. It, too, is a major factor affecting the use of land resources in these areas.

Inexpensive, easily attached radio transmitter for recording heart rates of birds.

Abstract: A 10 g. inexpensive, longlife, easily attached FM radio transmitter is described for heart-rate telemetry. It lasts up to 90 days, trasmits at least 75 m, and can be placed on a bird in 2 min.