University of Maryland, College Park

About: University of Maryland, College Park is a education organization based out in College Park, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 60446 authors who have published 155900 publications receiving 7273683 citations. The organization is also known as: The University of Maryland & College Park.

Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Abstract: A long-standing association exists between elevated triglyceride levels and cardiovascular disease* (CVD).1,2 However, the extent to which triglycerides directly promote CVD or represent a biomarker of risk has been debated for 3 decades.3 To this end, 2 National Institutes of Health consensus conferences evaluated the evidentiary role of triglycerides in cardiovascular risk assessment and provided therapeutic recommendations for hypertriglyceridemic states.4,5 Since 1993, additional insights have been made vis-a-vis the atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs; ie, chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins), genetic and metabolic regulators of triglyceride metabolism, and classification and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. It is especially disconcerting that in the United States, mean triglyceride levels have risen since 1976, in concert with the growing epidemic of obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).6,7 In contrast, mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have receded.7 Therefore, the purpose of this scientific statement is to update clinicians on the increasingly crucial role of triglycerides in the evaluation and management of CVD risk and highlight approaches aimed at minimizing the adverse public health–related consequences associated with hypertriglyceridemic states. This statement will complement recent American Heart Association scientific statements on childhood and adolescent obesity8 and dietary sugar intake9 by emphasizing effective lifestyle strategies designed to lower triglyceride levels and improve overall cardiometabolic health. It is not intended to serve as a specific guideline but will be of value to the Adult Treatment Panel IV (ATP IV) of the National Cholesterol Education Program, from which evidence-based guidelines will ensue. Topics to be addressed include epidemiology and CVD risk, ethnic and racial differences, metabolic determinants, genetic and family determinants, risk factor correlates, and effects related to nutrition, physical activity, and lipid medications. In the United States, the National Health and …

Atomic Structure of Graphene on SiO2

Abstract: We employ scanning probe microscopy to reveal atomic structures and nanoscale morphology of graphene-based electronic devices (i.e., a graphene sheet supported by an insulating silicon dioxide substrate) for the first time. Atomic resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images reveal the presence of a strong spatially dependent perturbation, which breaks the hexagonal lattice symmetry of the graphitic lattice. Structural corrugations of the graphene sheet partially conform to the underlying silicon oxide substrate. These effects are obscured or modified on graphene devices processed with normal lithographic methods, as they are covered with a layer of photoresist residue. We enable our experiments by a novel cleaning process to produce atomically clean graphene sheets.

Development of achievement motivation.

Abstract: Contributors. Preface. A. Wigfield and J.S. Eccles, Introduction. Part 1: Can I Do This Activity?. D.H. Schunk and F. Pajares, The Development of Academic Self-Efficacy. M.V. Covington and E. Dray, The Developmental Course of Achievement Motivation: A Need-Based Approach. C.S. Dweck, The Development of Ability Conceptions. Part 2: Do I Want to Do this Activity, and Why?. A. Wigfield and J.S. Eccles, The Development of Competence Beliefs, Expectancies for Success, and Achievement Values from Childhood Through Adolescence. S. Graham and A.Z. Taylor, Ethnicity, Gender, and the Development of Achievement Values. W.S. Grolnick, S.T. Gurland, K.F. Jacob, and W. Decourcey, The Development of Self-Determination in Middle Childhood and Adolescence. K.A. Renninger and S. Hidi, Student Interest and Achievement: Developmental Issues Raised by a Case Study. E.M. Anderman, C.C. Austin, and D.M. Johnson, The Development of Goal Orientation. K.R. Wentzel, The Contribution of Social Goal Setting to Children's School Adjustment. Part 3: What Do I Need to Do to Succeed?. P.R. Pintrich and A. Zusho, The Development of Academic Self-Regulation: The Role of Cognitive and Motivational Factors. R.S. Newman, What Do I Need to Do to Succeed...When I Don't Understand What I'm Doing!?: Developmental Influences on Students' Adaptive Help Seeking. Part 4: Motivation and Instruction. D. Stipek, Good Instruction in Motivating. D.J. Mac Iver, E.M. Young, and B. Washburn, Instructional Practices and Motivation During Middle School (with Special Attention to Science). Index.

Recycling lower continental crust in the North China craton

Abstract: Foundering of mafic lower continental crust into underlying convecting mantle has been proposed as one means to explain the unusually evolved chemical composition of Earth's continental crust, yet direct evidence of this process has been scarce. Here we report that Late Jurassic high-magnesium andesites, dacites and adakites (siliceous lavas with high strontium and low heavy-rare-earth element and yttrium contents) from the North China craton have chemical and petrographic features consistent with their origin as partial melts of eclogite that subsequently interacted with mantle peridotite. Similar features observed in adakites and some Archaean sodium-rich granitoids of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite series have been interpreted to result from interaction of slab melts with the mantle wedge. Unlike their arc-related counterparts, however, the Chinese magmas carry inherited Archaean zircons and have neodymium and strontium isotopic compositions overlapping those of eclogite xenoliths derived from the lower crust of the North China craton. Such features cannot be produced by crustal assimilation of slab melts, given the high Mg#, nickel and chromium contents of the lavas. We infer that the Chinese lavas derive from ancient mafic lower crust that foundered into the convecting mantle and subsequently melted and interacted with peridotite. We suggest that lower crustal foundering occurred within the North China craton during the Late Jurassic, and thus provides constraints on the timing of lithosphere removal beneath the North China craton.

Generic new platform for topological quantum computation using semiconductor heterostructures.

Abstract: We show that a film of a semiconductor in which $s$-wave superconductivity and Zeeman splitting are induced by the proximity effect, supports zero-energy Majorana fermion modes in the ordinary vortex excitations Since time-reversal symmetry is explicitly broken, the edge of the film constitutes a chiral Majorana wire The heterostructure we propose---a semiconducting thin film sandwiched between an $s$-wave superconductor and a magnetic insulator---is a generic system which can be used as the platform for topological quantum computation by virtue of the existence of non-Abelian Majorana fermions