Showing papers by "University of Milan published in 1973"
TL;DR: This procedure, compared with the conventional chloroform-methanol procedure, was proved to achieve a more complete extraction of gangliosides with no concurrent solubilization of glycoproteins and to guarantee the absence of any significant degradation.
579 citations
TL;DR: Convergence of afferent fibers in the vagi and the cardiac sympathetic nerves on the same cardiac vagal and cardiac sympathetic postganglionic neurons was demonstrated and Convergence from carotid sinus baroreceptors was observed.
Abstract: The reflex changes in single cardiac vagal efferent fibers elicited by excitation of afferent cardiac sympathetic fibers were studied in cats anesthetized with chloralose and urethane. Efferent vagal and sympathetic units were dissected from the end of a cardiac nerve cut at its junction with the right atrium. In some cases, efferent vagal units were dissected from the cervical vagus. Excitation always evoked a clear reduction in the discharge of cardiac vagal units and a clear increase in the discharge of cardiac sympathetic fibers. The effects on cervical vagal efferents were variable. Hence, excitation of afferent cardiac sympathetic fibers could simultaneously elicit inhibition of the vagal outflow to the heart and excitation of the sympathetic outflow. By contrast, stimulation of the cut central end of the contralateral vagus produced the opposite effects. Convergence of afferent fibers in the vagi and the cardiac sympathetic nerves on the same cardiac vagal and cardiac sympathetic postganglionic neurons was demonstrated. Convergence from carotid sinus baroreceptors was also observed.
249 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the growth-promoting activity of IAA and FC is mediated by the capacity of these compounds to induce a decrease of pH in the cell wall and thus an increase of its plastic extensibility.
135 citations
TL;DR: Out of 21 patients with active acromegaly, 12 increased plasma GH concentration after TRH injection (200 μg iv), and it is suggested that in some functioning pituitary tumors the activity of TRH in promoting GH release may be attributed to an alteration of the cellular membrane.
Abstract: Out of 21 patients with active acromegaly, 12 increased plasma GH concentration after TRH injection (200 μg iv). No correlation was found between basal plasma GH levels, plasma GH response to hypoglycemia, arginine, oral glucose load and plasma GH response to TRH. The plasma GH peak often preceded that of TSH. One patient TSH unresponsive to TRH and 2 patients poorly responsive to TRH showed a rise in plasma GH. In 1 patient who increased both TSH and GH after TRH, the plasma TSH response was abolished by triiodothyronine administration, while that of plasma GH remained unchanged. Since it has been demonstrated that a releasing hormone acts activating the adenylcyclase system after binding to specific cellular receptors, it is suggested that in some functioning pituitary tumors the activity of TRH in promoting GH release may be attributed to an alteration of the cellular membrane. Another speculative possibility is that TRH acts at a hypothalamic rather than at a pituitary locus.
118 citations
TL;DR: The plasma TSH response to TRH was investigated in a group of normal subjects of both sexes and in 108 patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, finding positive responses and the percentage of absent responses in euthyroid and hypothyroidism.
Abstract: The plasma TSH response to TRH (200 μg iv) was investigated in a group of normal subjects of both sexes and in 108 patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders: 89 had pituitary tumors (49 had acromegaly, 36 had pituitary tumors without recognized hormonal secretion, 8 had craniopharyngioma, 1 had hypothalamic-pituitary metastasis from breast cancer, 1 had a hypothalamic- pituitary vascular tumor), 19 had other hypothalamic-pituitary disorders (1 Sheehan's syndrome, 4 primary empty sella, 12 idiopathic hypopituitarism, 2 idiopathic diabetes insipidus). Seventy-two were euthyroid; 32 had secondary hypothyroidism, 4 were thyrotoxic. The pattern of TSH response to TRH was defined with respect to the magnitude of the increase and to the pattern of the response curve. Three thyrotoxic patients did not respond to TRH, while one patient with high basal TSH values had a poor increase. Most of the other patients (88%) showed positive responses and the percentage of absent responses in euthyroid and hypo...
107 citations
TL;DR: Benzodiazepines are often used during labor, and they are frequently administered to newborns in cases of seizure, but in adults this class of drug requires an extensive metabolization in order to be eliminated.
Abstract: Summary Benzodiazepines are often used during labor, and they arealso frequently administered to newborns in cases ofseizure. In adults this class of drug requires an extensivemetabolization in order to be eliminated.The physiological elimination of diazepam admi-nistered at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg by intramuscular route(Tab. I), was followed up in three groups of subjects{premature infants, full-term infants and children). Plasma levels of diazepam (DZ) and of its major metaboliteN-demethyldiazepam (NDZ) could be followed up for48 hours after drug administration in 4 premature infantsand 4 children. 24 hour urinary excretion of DZ, NDZ, N-Methyl-oxazepam (MeOX) and Oxazepam (OX) was followed upin 7 premature infants, 8 full term infants and 5 children.Determination of benzodiazepine compounds both inplasma and urine, was performed, after etheral extraction,by GLC-ECD. In the urine samples free and conjugatedcompounds were measured (Tab. HD.The apparent disappearance rate of diazepam plasma wassignificantly reduced
107 citations
TL;DR: In situ hybridisation of radioactive complementary RNA has been used to localise the chromosomal distribution of human satellite DNA III and this DNA is found to be concentrated in paracentromeric heterochromatin mainly on chromosome 9.
Abstract: In situ hybridisation of radioactive complementary RNA has been used to localise the chromosomal distribution of human satellite DNA III. This DNA is found to be concentrated in paracentromeric heterochromatin mainly on chromosome 9 and in minor concentrations on chromosomes chiefly of the D and G groups.
102 citations
99 citations
TL;DR: In this article, equilibrium relations and corresponding potential-pH diagrams for copper in sea-water are presented, on the basis of a critical analysis of the available activity coefficient data, and the competitive precipitation of atacamite and malachite is pointed out.
99 citations
93 citations
TL;DR: Cross-transplantation of kidneys from hypertensive to normotensive rats and vice versa was performed, the sole remaining kidney of the recipient later being excised and transplanted hypertensive kidneys had no such effect.
Abstract: 1. Spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats were selectively bred from a single Wistar strain. 2. Cross-transplantation of kidneys from hypertensive to normotensive rats and vice versa was performed, the sole remaining kidney of the recipient later being excised. Kidneys were also transplanted from normotensive donors into normotensive recipients and from hypertensive to hypertensive. 3. Normotensive rats receiving a kidney from either a hypertensive or normotensive donor showed unchanged blood pressure on normal salt diet. High-salt diet produced a greater rise in recipients of hypertensive than in recipients of normotensive kidneys. 4. Normotensive kidneys reduced the blood pressure of hypertensive recipients, but transplanted hypertensive kidneys had no such effect.
TL;DR: There is a large difference in the carbon dioxide binding constants of the β chain α-amino group in the oxy and deoxy forms of human hemoglobin, and that 2,3-diphosphoglycerate suppresses this difference, probably by binding strongly to the βChain α-AMino group of deoxyhemoglobin and displacing any bound carbon dioxide.
TL;DR: The presence in the same reaction mixtures of either 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate or 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate was suggested by mass spectrometry and the degradative pathway of biphenyl is discussed.
Abstract: 1 2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid was isolated and identified from washed suspensions of Pseudomonas putida incubated in the presence of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 2 Benzoic acid was isolated from reaction mixtures of crude cell-free extracts incubated with 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 3 The presence in the same reaction mixtures of either 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate or 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate was suggested by mass spectrometry 4 The degradative pathway of biphenyl is discussed
TL;DR: Plasma levels of progesterone have been measured, using a competition binding technique, in the systemic circulation of normal and castrated female and male rats of the Sprague Dawley strain, and its levels increase significantly after orchidectomy.
Abstract: Plasma levels of progesterone have been measured, using a competition binding technique, in the systemic circulation of normal and castrated female and male rats of the Sprague Dawley strain. Plasma progesterone exhibits a large fluctuation in normal females, with a peak during the day of proestrus. In females, progesterone does not disappear completely from the systemic circulation after castration, even if its levels are much lower than those of normally cycling animals. Progesterone is detectable in the systemic circulation of normal males, and its levels increase significantly after orchidectomy. The ip administration of 25 μg/100 g body wt of dexamethasone (a potent ACTH-blocking agent) to female animals castrated IS days previously induces, in 4 hr, a significant decrease of plasma levels of progesterone. Plasma levels of corticosterone (measured with a fluorometric procedure) are also significantly decreased after dexamethasone. Exogenous ACTH (administered iv 15 min before sacrifice) to dexamethas...
TL;DR: Out of 16 patients with active acromegaly, 6 increased plasma GH after LRH and 10 after TRH administration, which is suggested that these GH responses to non-specific releasing hormones may be due to an alteration of the cellular membrane or to an extra-pituitary action at a hypothalamic locus of these peptides.
Abstract: Out of 16 patients with active acromegaly, 6 increased plasma GHafter LRH and 10 after TRH administration. These increases were unrelated to basal plasma GH levels and to plasma GH responses to insulin and arginine. Two patients who responded to LRH did not increase plasma GH after TRH. is suggested that these GH responses to non-specific releasing hormones may be due either to an alteration of the cellular membrane or to an extra-pituitary action, probably at a hypothalamic locus, of these peptides.
TL;DR: The antinociceptive activity of morphine was measured in rats treated with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, which induces a selective degeneration of serotoninergic nerve terminals in the central nervous system, markedly decreased the effect of morphine.
Abstract: The antinociceptive activity of morphine was measured in rats treated with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, through cannulae chronically implanted into both lateral ventricles of the brain. This indoleamine, which induces a selective degeneration of serotoninergic nerve terminals in the central nervous system, markedly decreased the effect of morphine. The possible role of 5-hydroxytryptamine on antinociceptive activity of morphine is discussed.
TL;DR: It is concluded that oestrogens play a role in modulating the secretion of TSH from the human pituitary and did not modify either the basal plasma TSH concentration or the serum thyroxine, the labelled tri‐iodothyronine uptake and the calculated free Thyroxine index.
Abstract: Summary
The plasma TSH response to 100 μg of TRH i.v. was studied in six normal women and in seven men before and after the administration of 10.0 mg of oestradiol valerate for 5 consecutive days. Before oestrogen treatment the females appeared more responsive than males. After treatment the response remained unchanged in females while appearing enhanced in males. Oestrogen treatment did not modify either the basal plasma TSH concentration or the serum thyroxine, the labelled tri-iodothyronine uptake and the calculated free thyroxine index. It is concluded that oestrogens play a role in modulating the secretion of TSH from the human pituitary.
TL;DR: Experiments, showing that adaptive control of transport activity by the A mediation is operative in such mammalian tissues as newborn mouse and rat heart cells, suggest that this regulation is an intrinsic property of muscle tissue.
TL;DR: Data are interpreted as further support for the hypothesis that the effect of growth-promoting substances on cell enlargement is mediated by their capacity to induce a metabolism-dependent change of H + concentration at the level of the cell wall.
TL;DR: The toxicity to rainbow trout of two metals (copper and mercury) and three detergents (two anionics and one non-ionic) were determined with an exposure period of 14 days.
TL;DR: The results may be considered consistent with the hypothesis that neuraminidase and gangliosides are fundamental components of the neuronal plasma membrane, thus following the distribution of the different neuronal fragments after homogenization and fractionation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the activity of 72 pulmonary stretch receptors was recorded from 34 rabbits and 19 receptors isolated from 3 cats both with the animal breathing through an open tracheal tube and against a closed airway.
TL;DR: Plasma lipid levels were tested in a group of a alcoholic patients admitted to an alcoholic ward, most markedly in chronic alcoholics, and typing of hyperlipoproteinemia showed a high incidence of type IV disease.
TL;DR: The results indicate an impairment of the hypothalamic HGH and corticotropin regulation in patients with empty sella, and in chromophobe adenomas comparable changes were seen.
Abstract: ✓ Endocrine functions in seven cases of primary empty sella were studied. No clinical features of endocrine disturbances were apparent. Urinary excretion of gonadotropins, and thyroid and adrenal functions were normal. Plasma human growth hormone (HGH) concentration was also normal but did not increase after insulin-induced hypoglycemia in four patients, after arginine in one, and after a glucose load in six. Urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) increased normally in all patients after metyrapone administration, while plasma 17-OHCS did not increase in three subjects after insulin-induced hypoglycemia or in one after lysine-vasopressin. Two patients showed exaggerated responses to lysine-vasopressin. These results indicate an impairment of the hypothalamic HGH and corticotropin regulation in patients with empty sella. Since in chromophobe adenomas comparable changes were seen, the differential diagnosis between empty sella and chromophobe adenoma is impossible on the basis of endocrino...
TL;DR: Haemin was shown to stimulate α but not β globin synthesis by study of the translation of haemoglobin mRNA in Xenopus oocytes by acting at the translational level in this system.
Abstract: Haemin was shown to stimulate α but not β globin synthesis by study of the translation of haemoglobin mRNA in Xenopus oocytes. Haemin acted at the translational level in this system.
TL;DR: Results with isolated mitochondria correlate well with chemical determinations carried out on postischemic tissue, but respiratory control index does not recover completely over the investigated period following reversible ischemia, thus indicating a less tight coupling of phosphorylation to oxidation during the repair of reversible cellular damage.
TL;DR: Sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate (Na-GHB), a well-known anesthetic agent, does not alter brain serotonin levels in rats, but at anesthetic doses (14.4 mmoles/Kg. i.p.) an increased level of 5-Hydroxyindolacetic acid has been observed, which is potentiated by the administration of probenecid.
TL;DR: Data are in agreement with the hypothesis that FC promotes growth through some effect on cell-wall extensibility probably identical to the one mediating auxin-induced growth, while the primary site of action of FC is different from that of the natural and synthetic auxins.
Abstract: Analogies and differences between the growth-promoting action of fusicoccin (FC), the toxic agent produced by Fusicoccum amygdali, and of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in etiolated pea internode segments were further investigated. It was confirmed that the effect of FC, at optimal concentration, on growth by cell enlargement is markedly higher (ca. 70%) than that of IAA. The lack of an inhibitory effect of FC at high concentrations corresponds to a lack of capacity of the toxin to induce ethylene synthesis. When FC and IAA are present together at suboptimal concentrations, the effects of the two substances are clearly additive. Growth stimulation by a mixture of FC and IAA at optimal concentrations is equal to that by FC alone. NaF, 2,4-DNP, actinomycin D, and cycloheximide strongly depress FC-induced stimulation of cell enlargement. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that FC promotes growth through some effect on cell-wall extensibility probably identical to the one mediating auxin-induced growth, while the primary site of action of FC is different from that of the natural and synthetic auxins.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the syntheses of rRNA and tRNA can be dissociated in N. crassa, at least under conditions of unbalanced growth.
TL;DR: A method has been developed that enables continuous recording of pleural surface pressure in dogs without producing a pneumothorax and it is found that the vertical gradient of transpulmonary pressure disappears when the respiratory system is passively expanded and that a cranio-caudal gradient is produced in the supine posture when the abdominal pressure is lowered.