University of Nairobi

About: University of Nairobi is a education organization based out in Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 6702 authors who have published 10777 publications receiving 231294 citations. The organization is also known as: UoN & IAU-020319.

The prevalence of malocclusion in 13- to 15-year-old children in Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract: Data on occlusal features and the need for orthodontic treatment in Kenya is scanty. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malocclusion in children in Nairobi, Kenya. Nine hundred and nineteen children aged 13–15 years (468 male, 451 female) were examined. The registration method used was that described by Bjork et al. The prevalence of malocclusion was 72%. The predominant anteroposterior relationship of die dental arches was neutral occlusion (93%). Specific malocclusion traits were highest for crowding (19%), rotations (19%), posterior crossbite (10%), maxillary overjet (10%), and frontal open bite (8%). There was no statistically significant difference in die overall prevalence of malocclusion between males and females, but some occlusal traits were significandy higher in males. Although the findings indicate that the present population is not characterized by a substantial difference in the overall prevalence of malocclusion compared with other communities, some traits differed in...

Occurrence and characteristics of mandibular fractures in Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract: Analysis of 355 cases with fractures of the mandible indicated that 74.9% of the cases were due to interpersonal violence and 13.8% were caused by road traffic accidents. The men to women ratio was 8.4:1 and 75.5% of the fracture cases had single fractures while 24.5% had multiple fractures. In cases with a single fracture, the most commonly involved mandibular site was the body (42.2%). The angle of mandible was most frequently fractured (50.5%) in cases with multiple fractures.

Demarkation in a Gerenuk Territory: An Economic Approach

Abstract: Patterns of antorbital gland marking by a free-living territorial male gerenuk were investigated in two-week periods in two consecutive years. Marks were removed after the first year and an experimental replicate thus obtained in the second. Marks occurred on conspicuous twigs and 40 % overhung game trails. Most occurred on plants that were frequently eaten. Their height averaged (± SD) 115.2 ± 8.5 and 116.4 ± 10.8 cm in the two years. The spatial distribution of marks, measured using nearest neighbour distances, was significantly non-random. Marks formed an irregular ‘oval’ shape with occasional radiating arms. The results were consistent with predictions based on a model that assumed increasing advantage to the male in marking a larger area, a limited capacity for marking (finite supply of secretion, limited time available, etc.) and the need for marks to be easily detected. Zusammenfassung Das Absetzen von Duftmarken mit den Voraugendrusen eines mannlichen Gerenuks wurde in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Jahren je zwei Wochen lang im Tsavo Nationalpark in Kenia untersucht. Am Ende der ersten Beobachtungsperiode wurden alle 121 gefundenen Marken entfernt. Im folgenden Jahr hatte das Mannchen 96 neue Marken angebracht. Alle Marken sitzen auf dicken, vorragenden Zweigen von Buschen und niedrigen Baumen, etwa 115 cm in both the original observation and the experimental replicate, was con-fras; 40% der Markierungen hingen uber Wechseln. Die Verteilung der Marken war in beiden Jahren nicht zufallig. Die Markier-Orte liegen meist im Innern des Reviers, nicht auf seinen Grenzen und ergeben ein Oval (Umfang 3,12 km im ersten, 1,99 km im zweiten Jahr), von dem „Strahlen” ausgehen. Die gefundene Verteilung der Marken wird verstandlich, wenn man annimmt, das das Markieren Zeit kostet, die verfugbare Sekretmenge begrenzt ist, die Marken immer wieder erneuert werden mussen und in Beziehung zu dem vom Mannchen benutzten Gebiet stehen (gleichgultig, ob sie seiner eigenen Orientierung oder der Abwehrung von Konkurrenten dienen). Marken sind Signale, sollten also besonders leicht zu finden sein. Unter den genannten Beschrankungen musten sie dann bestimmte Minimalabstande haben und geschlossene Linienzuge (evtl. mehrere konzentrische) im Revier bilden.

Land-Use Change and Livestock Production Challenges in an Integrated System: The Masai-Mara Ecosystem, Kenya

Abstract: Participatory rural appraisal techniques and a survey of 100 households were used to evaluate livestock production, and pastoral development of the Maasai in Mara. It was observed that patterns of land-use have principally changed from nomadic pastoralism to sedentary pastoralism, agropastoralism, and, in some cases, pure cultivation. These trends have adversely affected livestock production and the productive capacity of the Mara ecosystem. Diminishing grazing area occasioned by expanding cropping patterns has negatively impacted on vegetation resources and the biodiversity of the ecosystem. It has also increased the intensity of conflict over diminishing land resources. Because the production system is largely subsistence with a strong livestock base, it is further undermined by, among other factors, animal diseases, water scarcity, land individualisation, poor marketing infrastructure, and livestock/wildlife conflicts. Based on the findings of the present study, development approaches need to emphasise integrated livestock and wildlife utilisation, land tenure reforms that embody livestock mobility as a key strategy of optimising the use of transient forage resources, disease control, and development of livestock marketing.