Institution
University of Nairobi
Education•Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya•
About: University of Nairobi is a education organization based out in Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 6702 authors who have published 10777 publications receiving 231294 citations. The organization is also known as: UoN & IAU-020319.
Topics: Population, Health care, Public health, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Context (language use)
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Increased prevalences of HSV-2 infection and BV were associated with each other and also associated with enhanced susceptibility to an overlapping spectrum of other STIs.
Abstract: Background Prevalent herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection increases human immunodeficiency virus acquisition. We hypothesized that HSV-2 infection might also predispose individuals to acquire other common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods We studied the association between prevalent HSV-2 infection and STI incidence in a prospective, randomized trial of periodic STI therapy among Kenyan female sex workers. Participants were screened monthly for infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, and at least every 6 months for bacterial vaginosis (BV) and infection with Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis, and/or HSV-2. Results Increased prevalence of HSV-2 infection and increased prevalence of BV were each associated with the other; the direction of causality could not be determined. After stratifying for sexual risk-taking, BV status, and antibiotic use, prevalent HSV-2 infection remained associated with an increased incidence of infection with N. gonorrhoeae (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 4.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.5-12.2]), T. vaginalis (IRR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.3-4.2]), and syphilis (IRR, 4.7 [95% CI, 1.1-19.9]). BV was associated with increased rates of infection with C. trachomatis (IRR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.1-3.8]) and T. vaginalis (IRR, 8.0 [95% CI, 3.2-19.8]). CONCLUSION; Increased prevalences of HSV-2 infection and BV were associated with each other and also associated with enhanced susceptibility to an overlapping spectrum of other STIs. Demonstration of causality will require clinical trials that suppress HSV-2 infection, BV, or both.
125 citations
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TL;DR: The authors investigated the raw material selection and transport behaviors of Oldowan hominins reflected in the stone artifact assemblages from the Kanjera South Formation, South Rachuonyo District, Kenya.
124 citations
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TL;DR: This study assessed individual-level effects of adding micro-enterprise services to a peer-mediated HIV/AIDS intervention among 227 female sex workers in Kenya to empower FSWs by giving them an alternative livelihood when they wish to exit or reduce reliance on sex work.
Abstract: This study assessed individual-level effects of adding micro-enterprise services to a peer-mediated HIV/AIDS intervention among 227 female sex workers (FSWs) in Kenya. Survey data were collected in May-July 2003 and July-August 2005. Two-thirds of participants had operational businesses by end-line survey. Nearly half reported to have stopped sex work. Self-reported weekly mean number of all sexual partners changed from 3.26 (SD 2.45) at baseline to 1.84 (SD 2.15) at end-line survey (P < 0.001). Weekly mean number of casual partners did not change significantly. Weekly mean number of regular partners changed from 1.96 (SD 1.86) to 0.73 (SD 0.98) over the follow-up period (P < 0.001). Consistent condom use with regular partners increased by 18.5% and remained above 90% with casual partners. Micro-enterprise services may empower FSWs by giving them an alternative livelihood when they wish to exit or reduce reliance on sex work. Determinants of successful business operation by FSWs deserve further research.
124 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that, at baseline and after adjustment for age and other potential confounding variables, production of interferon- gamma by peripheral-blood mononuclear cells stimulated with chlamydia heat-shock protein 60 strongly correlated with protection against incident C. trachomatis infection.
Abstract: Epidemiological, animal, and in vitro investigations suggest that Chlamydia trachomatis infection engenders acquired immunity, the basis for which is incompletely defined, especially in humans. In a prospective cohort study of women at high risk for C. trachomatis infection, we found that, at baseline and after adjustment for age and other potential confounding variables, production of interferon- gamma by peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with chlamydia heat-shock protein 60 strongly correlated with protection against incident C. trachomatis infection. This investigation supports a direct role for C. trachomatis-specific immune responses in altering the risk of infection and suggests immune correlates of protection that are potentially useful in vaccine development.
124 citations
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TL;DR: Both WT and colony-borne primates had similar species of parasites, but higher prevalences of protozoan infection were observed in CB baboons while helminth infections were relatively more common in WT primates.
124 citations
Authors
Showing all 6780 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Helena C. Kraemer | 132 | 562 | 65755 |
Chris M. Wood | 102 | 795 | 43076 |
Christopher B. Barrett | 95 | 713 | 37968 |
Charles R. Newton | 91 | 504 | 73772 |
Francis A. Plummer | 85 | 317 | 24228 |
Dorothy L. Cheney | 85 | 172 | 21910 |
Robert M. Seyfarth | 83 | 179 | 22830 |
Andrew Whiten | 80 | 272 | 27535 |
Robert Chambers | 79 | 590 | 42035 |
Mark W. Tyndall | 77 | 289 | 18861 |
Job J. Bwayo | 74 | 190 | 16928 |
Joan K. Kreiss | 72 | 150 | 15024 |
Jeanne Altmann | 71 | 164 | 27489 |
Ian A. Johnston | 71 | 356 | 17928 |
Barbra A. Richardson | 71 | 366 | 19192 |