Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Charlotte published in 1979"
TL;DR: The recovery from undoubted late Eocene exposures coupled with its salient higher primate characters and excellent state of preservation provides the opportunity to substantiate further that the Pondaung primates of Burma are the earliest known record of the Anthropoidea.
Abstract: In April 1978, a fragment of a primate lower jaw containing the second and third molar teeth was found in late Eocene exposures of the Pondaung Hills about 1 mile north-west of Mogaung village in northwestern Central Burma. This approximately 40-Myr-old specimen is the first fossil primate found in Burma since the fragmentary remains of the controversial earliest anthropoids Pondaungia cotteri Pilgrim1 and Ampithecus mogaungensis Colbert2 were recovered more than 50 yr ago. The jaw described here is believed to represent further evidence of P. cotteri. Its recovery from undoubted late Eocene exposures coupled with its salient higher primate characters and excellent state of preservation provides the opportunity to substantiate further that the Pondaung primates of Burma are the earliest known record of the Anthropoidea.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, information regarding a rape victim's past sexual behaviors was presented to college students in specially constructed newspaper stories describing testimony at the trial, and the results indicated that the victim who refuses to discuss her sexual experience is perceived as sexually active, and as more responsible for the rape than in other conditions.
Abstract: Information regarding a rape victim's past sexual behaviors was presented to college students in specially constructed newspaper stories describing testimony at the trial. In two conditions the sexual experience information was explicit, indicating an active or an inactive past. In three other conditions no explicit information was presented, but the reason was varied: The victim refused to testify, the judge refused to allow testimony, or no mention was made of sexual experience. The results indicate that the victim who refuses to discuss her sexual experience is perceived as sexually active, and as more responsible for the rape than in other conditions. When the judge prohibits testimony, the victim is held less responsible for the rape than the sexually inactive and no-information victims. The findings are discussed in reference to attribution theory predictions and recent interest in laws regarding rape.
71 citations
TL;DR: Tree species replacement was studied in 95 canopy gaps created by the fall of single trees in an undisturbed, old-growth forest in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, finding species diversity of the replacement trees was higher than that of the fallen trees.
Abstract: Tree species replacement was studied in 95 canopy gaps created by the fall of single trees in an undisturbed, old-growth forest in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee. When large trees (dbh>70 cm) of the very shade tolerant species, Tsuga canadensis, die and fall, they are usually replaced by less tolerant species such as Betula alleghaniensis, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Magnolia fraseri. Species diversity of the replacement trees, measured by the index, 1/Σpi2, was 5.77 compared to a diversity of 1.66 for the fallen trees.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of verbalizations on children's tendency to postpone immediate gratification in terms of increased delayed reward was examined, and the results showed that children who focused on reward, under conditions of either positive or negative evaluation, postponed immediate gratification less than control subjects who made no verbalization.
51 citations
TL;DR: An extension of Vaughan's study verifies that student beliefs change very little even those teachers believe they have corrected as discussed by the authors, even when they have not corrected the incorrect beliefs of the students.
Abstract: An extension of Vaughan's study verifies that student beliefs change very little, even those teachers believe they have corrected.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the vibrational spectra of cyclopentene derivatives have been measured between 4000 and 100 cm −1 in all three physical states and a normal coordinate analysis has been proposed on the basis of isotopic shift ratios, group frequency considerations, relative band intensities and shapes as well as depolarization ratios.
34 citations
TL;DR: The data from this study provide two correspondences between operant behavior and schedule-induced behavior: conformity to Herrnstein's equation and equivalence of rate and relative time measures.
Abstract: Schedule-induced drinking was measured in four rats exposed to fixed-time schedules of food ranging from 30 to 480 seconds. Herrnstein's (1970, 1974) equation relating rate of a single response as a hyperbolic function of reinforcement rate provided a good fit to three measures of drinking: lick rate, ingestion rate, and relative time spent drinking. The functions relating the three measures of drinking to reinforcement rate were of similar form. Herrnstein's equation also provided a good description of some already published data on schedule-induced drinking. The fit both to the present data and to the already published data was improved somewhat by computing the measures by subtracting from the time base a latency constant representing the minimal time required to consume the food pellet and travel to the water source. The data from this study provide two correspondences between operant behavior and schedule-induced behavior: (a) conformity to Herrnstein's equation and (b) equivalence of rate and relative time measures.
29 citations
TL;DR: The habituation of locomotor activity across repeated exposures to a novel maze was studied in a series of experiments using rats as subjects and the results were discussed in terms of theories of “priming” and encoding variability.
Abstract: The habituation of locomotor activity across repeated exposures to a novel maze was studied in a series of experiments using rats as subjects. Habituation, defined as a decrease in ambulation, was greater on a second trial occurring 5 min after a first trial than on one occurring 60 min after. This short-term decrement occurred only when the same maze was used on both trials, and could be dishabituated by intertriai detention in another novel environment. On a delayed test trial, habituation was, in one case, somewhat greater following initial spaced trials, and in another condition, comparable following both massed and spaced trials. The longer term habituation was maze specific, but was not affected by the presence of a dishabituator following either or both of the first two trials. The results were discussed in terms of theories of “priming” and encoding variability.
29 citations
TL;DR: The surface microlayer population of two estuarine sites was sampled to determine the numbers of bacteria present and the surface population was found to be different taxonomically from the subsurface and sediment isolates.
Abstract: The surface microlayer population of two estuarine sites was sampled to determine the numbers of bacteria present. Random isolates from one site were examined taxonomically, with subsurface and sediment samples taken for comparison. There were 130 to 5000 times more bacterial cells per ml in the surface microlayer as compared to the subsurface water, agreeing with the observations of other investigators. The surface population was found to be different taxonomically from the subsurface and sediment isolates. Pseudomonads predominated among the surface isolates while ca. onethird of the subsurface isolates werePseudomonas species.Alcaligenes species were found only in the subsurface population and comprised nearly one-half of these isolates. The majority of the surface and subsurface bacteria required no salts for growth, whereas most of the sediment bacterial isolates required either Na+ or Mg++.
27 citations
TL;DR: A two-year followup study was conducted on 20 male caregivers, 20 female caregivers, and 20 male engineers as discussed by the authors, which revealed a higher job turnover rate among male caregivers than the female or the male engineers.
Abstract: A two year followup study was conducted on 20 male caregivers, 20 female caregivers, and 20 male engineers. A telephone interview revealed a higher job turnover rate among male caregivers than the female or the male engineers. It was also found that 79 percent of the men in day care relocated in human service jobs. This trend was interpreted within Holland's (1973) theory of vocational choice which states that men and women choose their occupational environments congruent with their personality types. Additional analyses regarding job satisfaction, reasons for job change, and nature of new employment regarding the caregivers are included. Implications of the study are made for making the child care field more palatable and rewarding for current and future caregivers.
26 citations
TL;DR: Lead acetate was shown to stimulate a striking leukocytosis in young adult female mice and was due primarily to the elevated levels of neutrophils as suggested by a decrease in the ratios of peripheral agranulocytes to granulocytes.
Abstract: Lead acetate was shown to stimulate a striking leukocytosis in young adult female mice. The effect was manifest 4 days after lead injection and continued throughout the following 4 days. At the higher treatment level, lead induced an increase of 300% for both monocytes and neutrophils. The leukocytosis was due primarily to the elevated levels of neutrophils as suggested by a decrease in the ratios of peripheral agranulocytes to granulocytes. No differences from normal leukocyte cytology were observed in blood samples collected from animals receiving lead.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured eating in water-deprived rats when water was presented at regular intervals ranging from 30 to 240 sec. The temporal patterning of eating resembled that of schedule-induced behavior in that the probability of eating was high early in the interval and declined in the end of the interval.
Abstract: Eating was measured in water-deprived rats when water was presented at regular intervals ranging from 30 to 240 sec. The temporal patterning of eating resembled that of schedule-induced behavior in that the probability of eating was high early in the interval and declined in the end of the interval. Additionally, (a) the number of pellets consumed was controlled by relative time in the interwater interval, (b) the pellets consumed per water presentation was inversely related to water rate, and (c) food-ingestion rate was directly related to water rate. These relationships parallel those found with behavior regarded as schedule induced.
TL;DR: Results indicated a slight tendency for males to be somewhat more socially accepting of the surviving spouse of a suicide, and a significant interaction between sex of respondent x sex of the suicide, such that respondents indicated they would feel less tension in talking with the surviving family of asuicide of the same sex.
Abstract: The present study investigated reactions to the survivors of a family member's suicide. One hundred and twenty seven adults, members of a large urban Protestant church, responded to a newspaper account of a suicide in which the following factors were systematically varied: sex of the suicide, causal locus of the suicide, and whether the cause was prior or immediate to the suicide. The design was a 2 (sex of respondent) x 2 (sex of suicide) x 2 (locus of cause internal or external to the individual) x 2 (temporally remote cause or immediate cause). Results indicated a slight tendency for males to be somewhat more socially accepting of the surviving spouse of a suicide. There was also a significant interaction between sex of respondent x sex of the suicide, such that respondents indicated they would feel less tension in talking with the surviving family of a suicide of the same sex. Language: en
TL;DR: The authors found that to meet the dual responsibilities of appearing to speak out decisively and intelligently on issues, while also focusing their speeches around images to which voters will respond favorably, campaigners write speeches ambiguous in content, yet containing rhetorical correlates of specificity and decisiveness.
Abstract: This study addresses the question: To what extent and in what ways is the composition of contemporary American political campaign orations generically distinctive. Fifteen campaign orations were compared to two sets of control speeches on numerous measures concerning the methods of presentation of the speeches. The results indicate that to meet the dual responsibilities of appearing to speak out decisively and intelligently on issues, while also focusing their speeches around images to which voters will respond favorably, campaigners write speeches ambiguous in content, yet containing rhetorical correlates of specificity and decisiveness. In addition, to gain consubstantiality with their auditors, campaigners employ rhetorical techniques which project images of activity, competence, friendliness, and independence.
TL;DR: An experiment involving several changes in the salt content of food and solutions investigated the generality of salt-seeking behavior in adrenalectomized rats and found that when the salt solution is removed, salt seeking and sodium regulation takes place by way of salt in the food.
Abstract: An experiment involving several changes in the salt content of food and solutions investigated the generality of salt-seeking behavior in adrenalectomized rats. Salt-solution intake varied as a function of NaCl concentration. The intake of sodium is relatively unaffected by the concentration of NaCl in the food as long as NaCl in solution is available. But when the salt solution is removed, salt seeking and sodium regulation takes place by way of salt in the food.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the transformation process is directly responsible for an alteration of the cellular membranes and that the membrane alteration cannot be attributed to secondary effects associated with the rapid growth of these neoplastic cells.
Abstract: Phospholipids were utilized as a membrane marker to test for transformation-induced alteration of cellular membranes of cultured crown gall cells of Vinca rosea L. Fully transformed cells contained less than half the amount of phospholipids (7.8 micrograms lipid P per gram fresh weight) of normal V. rosea cells (21.4 micrograms lipid P per gram fresh weight). The normal V. rosea callus cells were not significantly different ( P > 0.05) in phospholipid content from partially transformed crown gall cells (20.7 micrograms lipid P per gram fresh weight). Stimulation to rapid growth of the partially transformed cells by adding higher concentrations of inorganic salts and auxin did not significantly alter their phospholipid content (23.1 micrograms lipid P per gram fresh weight). These findings suggest that the transformation process is directly responsible for an alteration of the cellular membranes and that the membrane alteration cannot be attributed to secondary effects associated with the rapid growth of these neoplastic cells. Five classes of phospholipids were identified and quantified. Average percentage of total phospholipids contained in each class were as follows: phosphatidylcholine, 38.5 ± 4.3; phosphatidylethanolamine, 22.2 ± 0.8; phosphatidylinositol, 12.3 ± 2.9; phosphatidylserine, 0.8 ± 0.4; phosphatidic acid, 4.7 ± 1.3. Several unidentified phospholipids were also quantified. The relative amounts of the various classes of phospholipid compounds in normal and crown gall cells of V. rosea were not significantly different.
TL;DR: Many of the papers developed for five separate medical geography sessions held during the 75th Anniversary Meeting of The Association of American Geographers in Philadelphia in April, 1979 can be considered seminal with respect to expectations over the next decade, while others reinforced important established associa&ons.
TL;DR: The article concluded that Cattell's earlier work relating high Factor M to high energy and endurance suggests a more logical interpretation of Factor M vis à vis measures of fitness.
Abstract: Determined whether 16PF scale scores could contribute significantly to the prediction of a measure of fitness. Sixty-three firemen from a large metropolitan area in the Southeast were Ss. Factor M contributed significantly to the prediction of one measure of fitness (i.e., treadmill time). The assumption cited in the literature that Factor M reflects "imagination" in individuals who score high on fitness measures was questioned. The article concluded that Cattell's earlier work relating high Factor M to high energy and endurance suggests a more logical interpretation of Factor M vis a vis measures of fitness.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the assignment of blame in rape episodes by female observers and found that a greater degree of causal attribution to factors external to the rapist occurred with organic, as compared with intrapsychic, causation.
Abstract: This study examined the assignment of blame in rape episodes by female observers. When the rapist's behavior was described as caused by intrapsychic, as compared with organic factors, greater blame was assigned to the rapist. A greater degree of causal attribution to factors external to the rapist occurred with organic, as compared with intrapsychic, causation. Ratings of the severity of punishment deserved by the rapist differed significantly as a function of both intrapsychic versus organic causation and whether the rape was characterized as sexually versus aggressively motivated.
TL;DR: It will be argued that the utilisation of H. S. Peirce's phenomenological categories of experience will provide psychiatrists with a set of non-psychiatric criteria for clarifying the underlying principles of psychiatric claims and an additional means of preserving the self-correcting character of inter-personal psychiatry as a theory.
Abstract: It is the purpose of this article to offer additional clarification of H. S. Sullivan's three-way division of cognitive experience. The investigation involves an analysis of C. S. Peirce's phenomenological categories of experience and their three Sullivanian parallels, i.e., prototaxis, parataxis, and syntaxis. It will be argued that the utilisation of these categories will provide psychiatrists with the following:(1) a set of non-psychiatric criteria for clarifying the underlying principles of psychiatric claims, (2) a broader base for analysing the nature of interpersonal relations, and (3) an additional means of preserving the self-correcting character of inter-personal psychiatry as a theory.
TL;DR: It has been claimed that in nonthreat situations opinions of the Court tend to receive a minimum winning vote as mentioned in this paper, using the private papers of Justice Burton, the size of the original vote on the merit...
Abstract: It has been claimed that in nonthreat situations opinions of the Court tend to receive a minimum winning vote. Using the private papers of Justice Burton, the size of the original vote on the merit...
TL;DR: In this paper, principal axis factor analysis combined with a varimax rotation procedure was used to identify the underlying life-style dimensions and factor scores were used as the predictor variables in developing bank credit card users from nonusers.
Abstract: While life-style analysis appears to be a major tool in segmenting the bank credit card market, few studies have considered the multidimensional nature of the life-style variables which are frequently employed to characterize bank credit card users. In an attempt to overcome this problem, principal axis factor analysis, combined with a varimax rotation procedure, was used to identify the underlying life-style dimensions. Once these life-style dimensions were established factor scores were used as the predictor variables in developing bank credit card users from nonusers. The results of the study indicated that a general credit usage dimension and to a lesser degree a fashion consciousness dimension were most important in differentiating between users and nonusers of bank credit cards.
TL;DR: The quality of developmental dayCenter playgrounds for exceptional children was inferior to that of regular day care center playgrounds in terms of playground content and no significant differences were noted on safety or function.