Showing papers by "University of Notre Dame published in 1970"
TL;DR: There was no demonstrable immunological response by the germ-free mouse to Streptococcus faecalis and the Peyer's patches were activated if antigen was absorbed from the intestinal lumen into the circulation but not if the antigen was administered parenterally.
Abstract: Lymph nodes, spleens, and Peyer's patches of germ-free mice are relatively inactive. The tissues are small and contain rare, small, indistinct, germinal zones. When exposed to antigenic stimuli (Salmonella paratyphi A and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus), the tissues become larger and germinal zones appear coincident with antibodies in the blood. The Peyer's patches were activated if antigen was absorbed from the intestinal lumen into the circulation but not if the antigen was administered parenterally. There was no demonstrable immunological response by the germ-free mouse to Streptococcus faecalis.
179 citations
TL;DR: The virus did not produce cytopathic effects in primary canine kidney or thymus cell cultures, or in cell cultures of human, simian, porcine, bovine, feline, and murine origin.
Abstract: Four antigenically related transmissible agents were recovered from canine fecal specimens. The agents produced cytopathic effects in a continuous dog cell line developed in this laboratory. Increased antibody titers were demonstrated in three of the four dogs which provided the isolates. The virus did not produce cytopathic effects in primary canine kidney or thymus cell cultures, or in cell cultures of human, simian, porcine, bovine, feline, and murine origin. The agent is resistant to ether, chloroform, and heat treatment, and the growth of the virus is inhibited by 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. After acridine orange staining, green fluorescent intranuclear inclusions are seen in infected cell cultures. By electron microscopy, the virions measure approximately 20 to 21 nm in overall diameter and are present in the nuclei of infected cells. These properties are consistent with membership in the parvovirus or picodnavirus group. The agent hemagglutinates rhesus red blood cells at 5 C and by hemagglutination-inhibition tests could be readily distinguished from H-1, rat virus, and the minute virus of mice. Canine gamma globulin contains high titers of neutralizing antibody and neutralizing antibody was found in a high percentage of military dogs and in beagles of a breeding colony.
175 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of applying group-theoretical and commutation principles to the general quantum-mechanical theory of exchangebroadened high-resolution NMR line shapes, presented in paper I of this series, was examined.
130 citations
TL;DR: The effect of reinforcement dependent on the social responses of two severely retarded withdrawn children was investigated and both children showed a progressive increase in social interaction in a non-training situation during this reinforcement period.
Abstract: The effect of reinforcement dependent on the social responses of two severely retarded withdrawn children was investigated. During 30 training sessions (30 min each) food and praise were administered dependent upon the children's mutual participation in a ball-rolling and block-passing task. Both children showed a progressive increase in social interaction in a non-training situation during this reinforcement period. After the reinforcement procedures were removed, social behavior decreased markedly. Response generalization to children not involved in training occurred.
106 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical bursting pressures were calculated thcrmo-dynamically from vapor pressures of the hydrates and from humidities of the air for several air temperatures.
Abstract: Salt bursts can cause extensive spalling in stone structures. Water-soluble salts and their hydrates Na2CO3 H2O (Na2CO3-7H2O, Na2CO3 10H2O), Na2SO4 (Na2SO4 10H2O), and MgSO4-H2O (MgSO4 7H2O) are trapped in pores of stone and concrete by both infiltration upward from the ground and by the reaction of carbonate and silicate rocks with sulfuric and carbonic acids from polluted urban atmospheres. The crystallization of the salts and their recrystalhzation from a lower to a higher hydrate within the range of mineral stability may develop stresses of high magnitude. Theoretical bursting pressures were calculated thcrmo-dynamically from vapor pressures of the hydrates and from humidities of the air for several air temperatures.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the rate constants for attack of various ketones from the axial and from the equatorial side were computed by reducing the ketones in pairs and analyzing the alcohol mixtures thus obtained.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the binding energies of molecular inner-shell electrons as the difference between the SCF energies of ground state and inner shell hole state are calculated using a flexible Gaussian orbital basis set.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, changes in binding energies of 1s core electrons for C, N, O, and F atoms in different molecular environments have been studied by examination of negatives of inner-shell orbital energies (−ϵ Is ) from ab initio "double-ξ" quality LCAO SCF MO wavefunctions.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the sintering of poly(methyl metacrylate) spheres to the blocks of the same material at temperatures ranging from 127° to 207°C and found that the predominant mechanism responsible for this process is non-Newtonian viscous flow.
Abstract: Sintering of poly(methyl metacrylate) spheres to the blocks of the same material was studied at temperatures ranging from 127° to 207°C. The analysis of the data based on the empirical Ostwald relation indicates that the predominant mechanism responsible for this process is non-Newtonian viscous flow. The type of the flow changes with temperature of sintering, being pseudo-plastic at lower temperatures and tending to dilatancy at higher ones.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, numerical techniques and solutions for compressible and incompressible laminar separated flows using time dependent finite difference equations using time-dependent finite difference equation are presented.
Abstract: Numerical techniques and solutions for compressible and incompressible laminar separated flows using time dependent finite difference equations
68 citations
TL;DR: Using solid matrix bound trypsin and chymotrypsin it was directly established that both components which make up active matrone are indeed proteins.
TL;DR: The molecular weight of the isozymes of glutamic aspartic transaminase has been measured by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and by membrane osmometry and measurements failed to reveal dissociation of each isozyme's dimer in the protein concentration range of 2.5 to 1 × 10−5 mg/ml.
TL;DR: Two species of Sacoglossa, Elysia hedgpethiMarcus and Placobranchus ianthobapsusGould, were compared as to their abilities to retain functional chloroplasts in their tissues and the ability to incorporate 14CO2 showed a decrease.
Abstract: It has been previously reported that many species of the order Sacoglossa (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) contain algal chloroplasts within the cells of their digestive gland and maintain them in a symbiotic condition. In the present study, two species, Elysia hedgpethi
Marcus and Placobranchus ianthobapsus
Gould, were compared as to their abilities to retain functional chloroplasts in their tissues. Animals were starved for varying lengths of time, and the functional capacity of the plastids was ascertained at intervals. The chlorophyll content of whole animals, and the ability to incorporate 14CO2 were used as the assay for functional capacity. E. hedgpethi decreased in chlorophyll content during starvation until the tenth day, when no chlorophyll was detectable spectrophoto-metrically. Incorporation of 14CO2 paralleled the decline in chlorophyll, and was at control levels by the tenth day. P. ianthobapsus showed no decline in chlorophyll content over 27 days starvation, although the ability to incorporate 14CO2 showed a decrease.
01 Sep 1970-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: The role of the dorsoventral muscles as a timer of the flight system is discussed in light of the results presented.
Abstract: 1.
Changes in wingbeat frequency and action potential frequency were highly correlated in response to changes in body temperature. Wingbeat frequencies of 50 to 175 Hz occurred simultaneously with action potential frequencies of 9 to 26 Hz in response to changes in body temperature over a range of 16 to 34° C.
2.
Weighting the wings lowered the wingbeat frequency and the action potential frequency simultaneously.
3.
The oxygen consumed per action potential was constant before and during flight (1.16 and 1.14 μl/g/min respectively). The average in-flight oxygen consumption was 1171 μl/g/min at standard temperature and pressure.
4.
Action potentials in the dorsoventral muscles occurred during a preferred phase of the wingcycle. Action potentials in the dorsolongitudinal muscles usually occurred with no significant phase preference to the wingbeat.
5.
The role of the dorsoventral muscles as a timer of the flight system is discussed in light of the results presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, two-phase critical flows were obtained in long pipes (L/D > 40) for mass flow rates ranging from 512 to 6460 lbm/(sec ft2).
Abstract: Steam-water, two-phase critical flows were obtained in long pipes (L/D > 40) for mass flow rates ranging from 512 to 6460 lbm/(sec ft2), exit pressures from 40 to 150 psia, and thermodynamic equili...
TL;DR: Differences for each isozyme in the effect of the pH on the aspartate-α-ketoglutarate and glutamate-oxalacetate transaminations are explained by preferential binding of oxal acetate to the mitochondrial enzyme and of either α-ketglutarate or oxalacetates to the supernatant isozyme.
01 Jun 1970-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: The observed behavior of newcomers reaching a food site indicated that they knew its location before leaving the hive, and the dances, not the wind, seemed to be the determining factor.
Abstract: 1.
During these experiments we observed a total of 70 honey bees. 36 of the observed bees had no contact with a dancer; and, 34 bees attended dances. Of these 34 bees, 14 reached the food site and 20 did not. The food sites were 200–250 m from the hive.
2.
The total number of dances followed by any bee, who reached the food site, was never less than 6.
3.
A few bees left the hive without attending any dances, but never reached the food site on these attempts. Once they had attended a minimum sequence of 6 dances, these bees could successfully reach the food site.
4.
The observed behavior of newcomers reaching a food site indicated that they knew its location before leaving the hive. The dances, not the wind, seemed to be the determining factor.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the primary defect after photooxidation of the active site histidine of supernatant glutamate aspartate transaminase occurs in the removal of the α-hydrogen from the aldimine Schiff's base in the forward reaction.
TL;DR: The thermal and spectral properties of chelates of lawsone and juglone with divalent copper, zinc, copper, nickel and lead have been investigated in this paper, and the properties of these chelsates are compared with the previously studied polymeric chelate of 2,5-dihydroxy-p -benzoquinone and naphthazarin.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the nonempirical self-consistent field molecular orbital method with a basis set of groups of accurate Gaussian atomic orbitals to study formic acid for three different geometries.
Abstract: The nonempirical self‐consistent‐field molecular‐orbital method with a basis set of groups of accurate Gaussian atomic orbitals has been used to study formic acid, HCOOH, for three different geometries. The conformer with the hydroxyl hydrogen cis to the carbonyl oxygen is correctly computed to be the most stable. This geometry is 13.0 kcal lower in energy than the geometry with the hydroxyl hydrogen at a 90° dihedral angle with the carbonyl oxygen (experimental estimate: 13.4 kcal) and 8.1 kcal lower than the trans form (experimental estimate: ≥ 4 kcal). The population analysis suggests a screening of the carbonyl oxygen in the high nuclear repulsion cis form and a partial breaking of the hydroxyl oxygen–carbon bond from cis to 90°. The electronic contribution to the calculated dipole moment shows shifts of electronic charge toward the carbonyl end of the molecule in cis and trans forms compared to the 90° form. Molecular properties related to the nuclear–nuclear and nuclear–electron potentials at the va...
TL;DR: SICS significantly decreased startle responses to all footshock levels, decreased magnitude of startle to footshock, and was least effective in altering footshock threshold when the electrode locus was in a reward zone.
TL;DR: In this article, the Beliaev-Zelevinsky method is applied to the problem of nuclear rotation, where the rotation, viewed as infinitesimal, is decoupled from the collective vibrations, and the higher orders give rise to various band-mixing terms, which may be interpreted as rotation-vibration and higher-order Coriolis interactions, as well as to vibrational anharmonicities and renormalization of the moment of inertia.
Abstract: The Beliaev-Zelevinsky method, which represents fermion-pair operators by infinite expansions in exact bosons, is applied to the problem of nuclear rotation. In the harmonic order, which is essentially the random-phase approximation (RPA), the rotation, viewed as infinitesimal, is decoupled from the collective vibrations. The higher orders, however, give rise to various band-mixing terms, which may be interpreted as rotation-vibration and higher-order Coriolis interactions, as well as to vibrational anharmonicities and renormalization of the moment of inertia. A systematic approach is given for extracting these higher-order corrections for the idealized case of a two-dimensional system of interacting particles. Both the Hamiltonian and transition operators are treated. The self-consistent-field approximation is then formulated in the boson picture and applied to the cranking model. The advantage of this formulation is that it allows one to establish the correctness of the higher-order cranking model, which is shown to provide the ground-state-band rotational energies with an error of the order of the small boson-expansion parameter (or the square of this parameter, depending on its definition). The usefulness of the cranking model for obtaining the angular momentum dependence of transition operators is also demonstrated. The Appendix illustrates some of the ideas by way of application to a system of particles interacting through a two-dimensional analog of the quadrupole-quadrupole force.
TL;DR: In this paper, the essential parts of the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968, as amended in 1960, are summarized and the problem of conversion of temperatures and certain calorimetric data obtained under the previous scale is discussed.
TL;DR: The cuticles of fourth larval stage N. dubius consists of a limiting membrane, outer and inner cortices, matrix, and two fibrous layers, and the cuticle is thus intrahypodermal.
Abstract: The cuticle of fourth larval stage N. dubius consists of a limiting membrane, outer and inner cortices, matrix, and two fibrous layers. The adult cuticle displays a limiting membrane and outer cortex, but the remainder of the cuticle is not subdivided into discrete layers. The limiting membrane is triple-layered, and its filamentous surface coat binds Thorotrast (pH 2.1). Time sequence studies on the genesis of the limiting membrane indicate that it is a plasmalemma transformed from the cuticle-hypodermis membrane. The cortex and matrix of the adult cuticle form by differentiation of hypodermis cytoplasm subjacent to the cuticle-hypodermis membrane. The fiber layers form under the matrix by intrahypodermal secretion. The cuticle is thus intrahypodermal. The cuticle-hypodermis membrane is discontinuous in fourth larval stage and adult worms, and direct communication is established between the cuticle and hypodermis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the cyclic changes in the blowing jet were measured and the results indicated that the leading-edge jet does not disturb the flow and actually furnishes some additional reaction force to the lift.
Abstract: and agree well with the semiempirical expression previously determined. Most encouraging results were obtained from an experiment performed on the elliptical airfoil of 18% thickness ratio with dual symmetrical jets. These results indicate that the leading-edge jet does not disturb the flow and actually furnishes some additional reaction force to the lift. Hence, the important application of the elliptical airfoil (or oval airfoil) with dual jets to the retreating blade of a helicopter rotor is evident. Furthermore, the results of aerodynamic response measurements of the model to cyclic changes in the blowing jet are surprisingly encouraging. The cyclic valve was tested at frequencies equivalent to twice that of the rotational speed of a conventional helicopter blade, and the response of the lift was found to be excellent with negligible delay. The response of the drag as well as the chordwise pressure distribution to the cyclic changes in the blowing jet were also found to be very good. These results clearly indicate that the periodic variation of lift on the airfoil can be fulfilled by cyclic variation of the jet momentum; hence, the circulation control problem is reduced to simply the problem of pressure control inside the model.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In the wake of the pioneering work of Thiele [l], Zeldovitch [2], Wagner [3], and Wheeler [4], and Weisz [5] directed attention to the role played by diffusion in modifying the intrinsic activity and selectivity of porous catalysts.
Abstract: In the wake of the pioneering work of Thiele [l], Zeldovitch [2], Wagner [3], Wheeler [4], and Weisz [5] directed attention to the role played by diffusion in modifying the intrinsic activity and selectivity of porous catalysts.
01 Feb 1970-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetoelastic interaction of domain walls and dislocations was studied as a function of their relative separation, and a two-constant theory of magnetostriction was developed.
Abstract: A theory is developed which permits the magnetoelastic interaction of domain walls and dislocations to be computed as a function of their relative separation. The method corresponds to a two constant theory of magnetostriction and is applied to more than sixty cases for iron and nickel. The calculations indicate that dislocations in iron interact more strongly by as much as an order of magnitude with 180 deg walls than with 90 deg Type B walls,i.e., walls with normal component of magnetization but equal zero. The situation for nickel is just the opposite. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of domain walls on individual dislocations and the effect of extensive arrays of dislocations on magnetic properties.
TL;DR: An apparent enhancement of crossing-over occurs in the region common to two translocated chromosomes derived from two different reciprocal translocations in the yellow-fever mnosquito, Aedes aegypti.
Abstract: An apparent enhancement of crossing-over occurs in the region common to two translocated chromosomes derived from two different reciprocal translocations in the yellow-fever mnosquito, Aedes aegypti. A "new" chromosome containing parts of all three linkage groups is created through crossing-over. In a reversible process, two haploid translocated sets in the double translocation heterozygote produce a new, normal chromosome. set and vice versa in alternating generatiots.