Showing papers by "University of Notre Dame published in 1988"
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the expectations of entrepreneurs in newly established businesses regarding their own chances of success and theirpredictions regarding the chances for success of others with similar startup ideas, in one of the first such studies.
Abstract: Explores the expectations of entrepreneurs in newlyestablished businesses regarding their own chances of success and theirpredictionsregarding the chances for success of others with similarstartup ideas, in one of the first such studies. Past research suggests that,at best, fewer than 50% of firms survive for more than five years with a givenowner/manager. Based on this past research, three hypotheses are posited:entrepreneurs will perceive their odds of success at less than or equal to 50%,entrepreneurs' prediction of others' success will not differ significantly fromtheir prediction of their own success, and entrepreneurs' expectations ofsuccess will be related to a number of personal factors including theirbusiness experience, prior ownership, and educational level. Data were gathered from surveys sent in 1985 to members of the NationalFederation of Independent Business (NFIB) who reported that they had openedtheir own businesses in the United States. Of those responding, 2994entrepreneurs were selected from the original sample. Findings did not support any of the three original hypotheses of cautiousoptimism (as prior research predicted). In fact, the results show thatentrepreneurs' perceptions of their own odds for success display a noteworthydegree of optimism. In addition, entrepreneurs believe their own odds ofsuccess to be greater than other new business owners with similar ideas.Furthermore, an analysis of the predicted factors for success showed aremarkable lack of relationship between an entrepreneur's belief of their ownpotential and the objective predictors. In fact, those who were poorly preparedseemed just as optimistic as those who were well prepared. One implication isthat business founders should seek advice from more objective outsiders.(SFL)
1,282 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: L'histoire de Bacillus thuringiensis var.
Abstract: L'histoire de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. Il a ete isole en 1976, pres du Kibbutz Zeelim, desert du Negev, Israel, par Tahori et Margalit, a partir d'une mare ou de nombreuses larves de Culex pipiens mortes ou agonisantes avaient ete remarquees. L'activite de cette souche isolee, ONR 60A sur Aedes, Culex, Anopheles et Uranotaenia a ete precisee par Goldberg et Margalit en 1976. Elle a ete identifiee par H. de Bayac au laboratoire de reference de l'institut Pasteur a Paris: B. t. i. serotype H14
905 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a marketing channel must have a certain amount of consensus and coordinated decision-making among its members, and the internal mechanisms of achi-channels are emphasized.
Abstract: To function, a marketing channel must have a certain amount of consensus and coordinated decision making among its members. Marketing channel theory has emphasized the “internal” mechanisms of achi...
603 citations
TL;DR: Construction of B-spline basis sets for the Dirac-Hartree-Fock equations is described and the resulting basis sets are applied to study the cesium spectrum.
Abstract: A procedure is given for constructing basis sets for the radial Dirac equation from B splines. The resulting basis sets, which include negative-energy states in a natural way, permit the accurate evaluation of the multiple sums over intermediate states occurring in relativistic many-body calculations. Illustrations are given for the Coulomb-field Dirac equation and tests of the resulting basis sets are described. As an application, relativistic corrections to the second-order correlation energy in helium are calculated. Another application is given to determine the spectrum of thallium (where finite--nuclear-size effects are important) in a model potential. Construction of B-spline basis sets for the Dirac-Hartree-Fock equations is described and the resulting basis sets are applied to study the cesium spectrum.
421 citations
TL;DR: The importance of the zooplankton community in regulating the relative degree of N or P limitation was confirmed and a hierarchical view of the function of planktonic systems, in which biotic interactions structure the response of the algal community to a given nutrient load, was supported.
Abstract: Limitation of algal growth by nitrogen and phosphorus was assessed in three north-temperate lakes with physiological bioassays and nutrient enrichment experiments. In addition, mesocosm experiments were performed in the three lakes to examine the effects of nutrient enrichment and zooplankton biomass and size on algal nutrient status. In situ indicators of N and P availability were inversely related in magnitude and transitions between N and P limitation were abrupt. Physiological bioassay results did not indicate simultaneous limitation by N and P. However, limited responses to single-nutrient enrichment and pronounced responses to simultaneous N and P addition in enrichment experiments suggested that potential limitation by the secondary nutrient was usually in close proximity to limitation by the primary nutrient. Transitions between N and P limitation closely accompanied major shifts in the zooplankton community. The importance of the zooplankton community in regulating the relative degree of N or P limitation was confirmed by the mesocosm experiments, which demonstrated that transitions between algal N or P limitation could be induced by manipulations of zooplankton biomass or size. This result supports a hierarchical view of the function of planktonic systems, in which biotic interactions structure the response of the algal community to a given nutrient load.
302 citations
TL;DR: It is determined that waterborne prostaglandins function as potent olfactory stimulants for mature male goldfish and that hormones and their metabolites may commonly serve as reproductive pheromones in fish.
Abstract: This study establishes that ovulated female goldfish release F type prostaglandins (PGFs) to the water where they stimulate male spawning behavior and comprise the goldfish postovulatory pheromone. We first demo nstrated that ovulated and prostaglandin-injected female goldfish release immunoreactive PGFs to the water. Next, using electro-olfactogram recording (EOG), we determined that waterborne prostaglandins function as potent olfactory stimulantsfor mature male goldfish.ProstaglandinF2a (PGF2�) and its metabolite 15-keto
280 citations
TL;DR: The dynamic properties of a class of neural networks are investigated by studying the qualitative behavior of equilibrium points, and the design of a neural network with prespecified equilibrium points which are asymptotically stable is proposed.
Abstract: The dynamic properties of a class of neural networks (which includes the Hopfield model as a special case) are investigated by studying the qualitative behavior of equilibrium points. The results fall into one of two categories: results pertaining to analysis (e.g., stability properties of an equilibrium, asymptotic behavior of solutions, etc.) and results pertaining to synthesis (e.g. the design of a neural network with prespecified equilibrium points which are asymptotically stable). Most (but not all) of the results presented are global, and their applicability is demonstrated by an example. >
233 citations
TL;DR: Two approaches to measuring socially responsible consumption tendencies, the Social Responsibility Scale (SRS) and a new seven-dimensional product differentiation construct, were compared in this paper, where the SRS and the product differentiation constructs were compared.
Abstract: Two approaches to measuring socially responsible consumption tendencies—the existing Social Responsibility Scale (SRS) and a new seven-dimension product differentiation construct-were compared usin...
203 citations
TL;DR: In this paper it was shown that a definable subset of a Nash group can be equipped with the structure of a "manifold" over M in which multiplication and inversion are continuous.
199 citations
TL;DR: The steam reforming activity of reduced Nickel aluminate catalysts along with X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results were reported in this article.
144 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new criterion for parametric sensitivity or thermal runaway is proposed in the context of thermal explosions, which can also be readily utilized for chemical reactors, and it is based on the rigorous concept of normalized sensitivity.
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey on the effects of varying several operating conditions shows that under certain conditions significant gas-phase oxidative coupling can occur in the absence of catalysts, and the implications that the observed results might have on catalytic oxidative coupling of methane have also been considered.
TL;DR: Etude experimentale des caracteristiques des bulles de decollement de transition par anemometrie laser and a fil chaud as mentioned in this paper, et al.
Abstract: Etude experimentale des caracteristiques des bulles de decollement de transition par anemometrie laser et a fil chaud
TL;DR: In this paper, two studies were conducted to examine an attributional model of judgments of sexual harassment and found that many factors known to influence the attribution of intentionality play an important role in judgments.
Abstract: Two studies were conducted to examine an attributional model of judgments of sexual harassment. The key assumption of the model is that judgments of sexual harassment involve the attribution of negative intentions (e.g., hostility or callousness) to an actor with regard to a sexual behavior. The two studies effectively demonstrated that many factors known to influence the attribution of intentionality play an important role in judgments of sexual harassment. The findings are discussed with regard to understanding how people differ in their judgments of sexual harassment.
TL;DR: Energies of 3s and 3p states of sodiumlike ions are calculated from Z = 11 to Z = 92 starting from a Dirac-Fock potential and including second- and third-order Coulomb correlation corrections, the lowest-order Breit interaction with retardation treated exactly, and corrections for reduced mass and mass polarization.
Abstract: Energies of 3s and 3p states of sodiumlike ions are calculated from Z=11 to Z=92 starting from a Dirac-Fock potential and including second- and third-order Coulomb correlation corrections, the lowest-order Breit interaction with retardation treated exactly, second- and third-order correlation corrections to the Breit interaction, and corrections for reduced mass and mass polarization. The calculated energies are compared to measured energies to determine the size of the omitted quantum electrodynamics corrections.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss l'instabilite d'ecoulement, de la bifurcation et de la transition vers la turbulence d'un ecoulement dans des cavites rectangulaires tridimensionnelles chauffees par le bas et les cotes.
Abstract: Revue des progres recents dans les etudes numeriques et experimentales de l'instabilite d'ecoulement, de la bifurcation et de la transition vers la turbulence d'un ecoulement dans des cavites rectangulaires tridimensionnelles chauffees par le bas et les cotes
TL;DR: In this paper, the root locus plot analysis is adapted to some one-dimensional, controlled, distributed, viscoelastic structures, and the constitutive law that is used for the visco-elastic material may be modeled with fractional order derivatives provided the control law(s) involve similar derivatives.
Abstract: Classical root locus plot analysis is adapted to some one-dimensional, controlled, distributed, viscoelastic structures. The constitutive law that is used for the viscoelastic material may be modeled with fractional order derivatives provided the control law(s) involve similar derivatives. Two sample one-dimensional structures and control systems are used to introduce the approach. A partial-differential-equation representation of each structure is used as well as Ritz approximation. The effect of error due to approximation on stability conclusions is discussed in the context of this comparison. >
TL;DR: A discussion on the structural and electronic requirements of the four oxidation states (I, II, III, and IV) and of the primary physical techniques and probes used is given in this article.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The discovery of nickel(III) and nickel(I) in methanogenic bacteria and in other biological systems has focused attention on the redox chemistry of nickel. This chapter discusses the redox chemistry of nickel basing on the most recent advances. This chapter presents a discussion on the structural and electronic requirements of the four oxidation states—I, II, III, and IV— and of the primary physical techniques and probes used. A description of the most commonly used ligand types follows, together with an indication of recent trends in the area. Discussions conclude with a review of the recent mechanistic chemistry of the oxidation states in turn. The nickel(II) ion has a d 8 electronic configuration and, with weak-field ligands such as H 2 O, it forms a six-coordinate ion with approximately octahedral symmetry and a paramagnetic (two unpaired electrons) 3 A 2 ground state. The X-ray crystal structures of a variety of high- and low-oxidation-state nickel complexes are now known. The technique most widely applied as a structural probe in the chemistry of both nickel(III) and nickel(I) is electron paramagnetic resonance. The mechanistic chemistry of nickel(IV) is dominated by substitution inert complexes and outer-sphere electron transfer reactions.
TL;DR: Results showed that clarification effects emerged quickly, producing an overall increase in desired behaviors of 12% over baseline, and praise effects occurred more gradually, resulting in overall increases of 6% and 7%, respectively.
Abstract: Customer service for bank tellers was defined in terms of 11 verbal behavior categories. An audio-recording system was used to track the occurrence of behaviors in these categories for six retail banking tellers. Three behavior management interventions (task clarification, performance feedback, and social praise), applied in sequence, were designed to improve overall teller performance with regard to the behavioral categories targeted. Clarification was accomplished by providing clear delineation of the various target categories, with specific examples of the behaviors in each. Feedback entailed presentation of ongoing verbal and visual information regarding teller performance. Praise consisted of verbal recognition of teller performance by branch managers. Results showed that clarification effects emerged quickly, producing an overall increase in desired behaviors of 12% over baseline. Feedback and praise effects occurred more gradually, resulting in overall increases of 6% and 7%, respectively. A suspension of all procedures led to a decline in overall performance, whereas reinstatement of feedback and praise was again accompanied by performance improvement. These findings extend the generality of behavior management applications and help to distinguish between possible antecedent and consequent effects of performance feedback.
TL;DR: In this paper, a reformulation and solution of the equations of impulse and momentum for an arbitrarily shaped rigid body striking a flat massive surface is presented, which makes use of the classical coefficient of restitution, e, and tangential coefficient, μ.
07 Dec 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the relationships between definitions of such zeros and their theoretical development are discussed, and the latter subdivided into a hierarchical structure with respect to information considered in the definition process.
Abstract: Notable publications on zeros of multivariable systems are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to relationships between definitions of such zeros and their theoretical development. Transmission, invariant, system module, infinite, and finite zeros are addressed, the latter subdivided into a hierarchical structure with respect to information considered in the definition process. >
TL;DR: It is indicated that exogenous antigenic stimulation has a great effect on both the total numbers and the specificity repertoires of background IgG- and IgA-secreting cells.
TL;DR: The reactivity of 66 anti-Escherichia coli B/r porin monoclonal antibodies with several E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains is studied, demonstrating that there is significant immunological divergence between the porins of these species.
Abstract: We studied the reactivity of 66 anti-Escherichia coli B/r porin monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with several E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains. Western immunoblots showed complete immunological cross-reactivity between E. coli B/r and K-12; among 34 MAbs which recognized porin in immunoblots of denatured outer membranes of E. coli B/r, all reacted with OmpF in denatured outer membranes of E. coli K-12. Extensive reactivity, although less than that for strain B/r (31 of 34 MAbs), occurred for porin from a wild-type isolate, E. coli O8:K27. Only one of the MAbs reacted with porin in denatured outer membranes of S. typhimurium. Even with immunochemical amplification of the Western immunoblot technique, only six MAbs recognized S. typhimurium porin (OmpD), demonstrating that there is significant immunological divergence between the porins of these species. Antibody binding to the bacterial surface, which was analyzed by cytofluorimetry, was strongly influenced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure. An intact O antigen, as in E. coli O8:K27, blocked adsorption of all 20 MAbs in the test panel. rfa+ E. coli K-12, without an O antigen but with an intact LPS core, bound seven MAbs. When assayed against a series of rfa E. coli K-12 mutants, the number of MAbs that recognized porin surface epitopes increased sequentially as the LPS core became shorter. A total of 17 MAbs bound porin in a deep rough rfaD strain. Similar results were obtained with S. typhimurium. None of the anti-E. coli B/r porin MAbs adsorbed to a smooth strain, but three antibodies recognized porin on deep rough (rfaF, rfaE) mutants. These data define six distinct porin surface epitopes that are shielded by LPS from reaction with antibodies. Images
TL;DR: The competing risk model as discussed by the authors provides a method for analyzing the rates of different types of events in the competing risk process with multiple types of event types, and is used in many social science applications.
Abstract: Social scientists are often interested in modeling processes with multiple types of events. One frequently used model—the competing risk model—provides a method for analyzing the rates of different...
TL;DR: In vitro time-lapse13C spectra ofd-[1-13C]glucose added separately to hemolymph or extracted fat body tissue showed that glycerol is synthesized from glucose in thefat body tissue and distributed to the peripheral tissue via Hemolymph, which may provide a clue to the role of Glycerol in enhancing freeze-tolerance in these insects.
Abstract: Freeze-tolerance in larvae ofGynaephora groenlandica is enhanced by the accumulation of glycerol in the winter. Since summer larvae remain freeze-tolerant despite the lack of glycerol, we investigated glycerol metabolism as a function of acclimation and body temperature using non-invasive13C NMR spectroscopy. Major constituents of hemolymph isolated from cold- and warm-acclimated larvae were identified with the aid of standard NMR spectra and confirmed by TLC and GLC. Spectra obtained on live, warm-acclimated larvae showed the presence of lipids, glycogen, glucose, trehalose and amino acids. Similar spectra of cold-acclimated or previously frozen larvae showed the additional presence of glycerol. In vitro time-lapse13C spectra ofd-[1-13C]glucose added separately to hemolymph or extracted fat body tissue showed that glycerol is synthesized from glucose in the fat body tissue and distributed to the peripheral tissue via hemolymph. In vivo time-lapse13C spectra of cold- and warm-acclimated larvae were obtained after injection withd-[1-13C]glucose to monitor the production of labeled metabolic intermediates and end-products. [13C]Glycerol was produced between −30°C and 30°C but accumulated only below 5°C. Above 5°C glycerol was degraded and the13C label incorporated mainly into glycogen. The mechanism underlying temperature control of glycerol biosynthesis and degradation may provide a clue to the role of glycerol in enhancing freeze-tolerance in these insects.
TL;DR: The training and accreditation section of the Third National Conference for Counseling Psychology as mentioned in this paper addressed the following issues: (a) models of training and curriculum, (b) context of training, (c) cultural diversity, (d) identity, accreditation, (e) practicum and internship, and (f) career development and employment.
Abstract: The training and accreditation section of the Third National Conference for Counseling Psychology addressed the following issues: (a) models of training and curriculum, (b) context of training, (c) cultural diversity, (d) identity and accreditation, (e) practicum and internship, and (f) career development and employment. This report presents the major components of these discussions and summarizes the deliberations and recommendations of the participants. Many of the principles articulated at the Northwestern and Greyston conferences are reaffirmed. The role, criteria, and purposes of APA accreditation are endorsed. The division leadership is encouraged to promote counseling psychology and the career development of counseling psychologists.
TL;DR: The ability of the excited phthalocyanines to sensitize photooxidations by mechanisms I and II is discussed in terms of evaluated rate constants.
Abstract: — In connection with the use of red light-photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, the redox reactivity of excited metallophthalocyanines (M = Al, Ga) was investigated by flash photolysis in order to establish whether photooxidations proceed by Foote's mechanisms I or II. Aminoacids (tryptophan, tyrosine) were seen to function as electron transfer quenchers of the excited phthalocyanines with rate constants 107k 104M-1 s-1. This was not the case of purines or ATP. The ability of the excited phthalocyanines to sensitize photooxidations by mechanisms I and II is discussed in terms of evaluated rate constants.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a heat zone melting method to produce texture in YBa2Cu3O7−x polycrystalline bars, and X-ray diffraction analysis showed the zone melted bars consist of tetragonal YBa 2Cu 3O 7−x, BaCuO2, and CuO.
Abstract: Joule heat zone melting has been used to produce texture in YBa2Cu3O7−x polycrystalline bars. X-ray diffraction analysis shows the zone melted bars consist of tetragonal YBa2Cu3O7−x, BaCuO2, and CuO. A 900°C homogenization and 600°C anneal in oxygen are found to produce a nominally single phase structure of orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7−x. SEM examination shows a platelet morphology is produced.
TL;DR: The Galerkin finite element method was used in conjunction with a stream function-vorticity-temperature formulation of the steady-stale governing equations to calculate laminar two-dimensional natural convection of air within a triangular enclosure.
Abstract: The Galerkin finite-element method is used in conjunction with a stream function-vorticity-temperature formulation of the steady-stale governing equations to calculate laminar two-dimensional natural convection of air within a triangular enclosure. Isosceles triangles with horizontal bases are considered. All possible combinations of cold, hot, and adiabatic walls are studied for different Grashof numbers and aspect ratios. Flow patterns and isotherms are presented. Convective Nusselt numbers are also calculated. Comparison is made with published experimental data.