Showing papers by "University of Salford published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal conductivity of a series of unidirectional and bidirectional specimens of epoxy resin DX210/BF3400 reinforced with Morganite high modulus (HMS) and high strength (HTS) carbon fibres are reported for in-plane and out-of-plane directions.
Abstract: Measurements of the thermal conductivity between approximately 80 and 270 K of a series of unidirectional and bidirectional specimens of epoxy resin DX210/BF3400 reinforced with Morganite high modulus (HMS) and high strength (HTS) carbon fibres are reported for in-plane and out-of-plane directions. The main features of the results conform with expectations based upon known structural properties of the fibres and predictions based upon current theoretical models. Employing the results for the composites in association with results for the pure resin, the account concludes with an assessment of some of the heat transmission characteristics of the fibres.
148 citations
TL;DR: Aqueous hydrofluoric acid is an excellent reagent for the removal of t -butyldimethylsilyl protecting groups as discussed by the authors, but it is not suitable for the extraction of polycyclic acid.
139 citations
TL;DR: Aryl and hetero-aryl-nitrenes can take part in intra-and intermolecular reactions in both of their possible electronic states (triplet and singlet) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Aryl- and heteroaryl-nitrenes can take part in intra-and intermolecular reactions in both of their possible electronic states (triplet and singlet). In this review we have endeavored to high-light recent synthetic uses of these reactive intermediates as well as draw attention to avenues open to further exploration in this field. Singlet arylnitrenes will interact with suitable ortho-positioned substituents to give a variety of fused azoles, some in excellent yield. In suitable solvents and in presence of amines and alcohols, phenylnitrenes undergo ring expansion to azepines which can also occur in nitrenes of certain fused bicyclic aromatics (naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzo[b]thiophene). The latter nitrenes may also give rise to o-diamines which are useful starters for further heterocyclic synthesis. Triplet arylnitrenes (usually regarded as having only a nuisance effect in synthetic work) may also be utilized in practicable heterocyclic syntheses within a suitable molecular framework. Decomposition of aryl azides in a mixture of an organic and polyphosphoric acid leads to fused oxazoles. The mechanism is discussed for all the reactions considered.
117 citations
TL;DR: The t-butyldimethylsilyl protecting group for alcohols was introduced by Corey in 19722 as discussed by the authors, and it has proved a popular choice in many syntheses.
90 citations
TL;DR: There was some evidence that performance was related to size in the songbirds as a group, the smaller bird being less effective than the larger, and to possible effects of scale on the efficiency of the fundamental sound-producing process.
Abstract: 1. The vocal performance of different species of songbird was compared by measuring the maximum total sound power produced during normal song. This varied from 10 mW/Kg body weight in the linnet Acanthus cannabina and the whitethroat Sylvia communis to 870 mW/Kg in the song-thrush Turdus philomelos . 2. In comparison, the performance of the chicken Gallus domesticus during crowing was approximately 60 mW/Kg. 3. There was some evidence that performance was related to size in the songbirds as a group, the smaller bird being less effective than the larger. 4. Differences in performance are discussed in relation to the presence or absence of intrinsic muscles in the syrinx and to possible effects of scale on the efficiency of the fundamental sound-producing process.
89 citations
TL;DR: The authors Dispelling the Entropy-Maximization mystique Within geography the entropy maximizing methodology has apparently acquired a mystique not yet completely dispelled by various pedagogic reviews (Gould, 1972; Crowther, 1974; Cesario, 1975; Webber, 1977; Haggett et nL, 1977).
Abstract: I Dispelling the entropy maximizing mystique Within geography the entropy maximizing methodology has apparently acquired a mystique not yet completely dispelled by various pedagogic reviews (Gould, 1972; Crowther, 1974; Cesario, 1975; Webber, 1977; Haggett et nL, 1977). At least, geographers have a rather ambivalent attitude towards the methodology. Since it has been closely associated with modelling spatial interactions, geographers have rightly felt obliged to understand it. Nevertheless, many feel uncomfortable with a methodology which has had a longer association with transport planning and regional science than geography, which demands mathematical skills rather than the
73 citations
TL;DR: The results show differences in relative permittivity and dielectric loss between different types of tissue.
Abstract: An instrument is described for measuring the relative permittivity and dielectric loss of body tissues and organsin vivo, over the frequency range 0·1 Hz to about 100 kHz. A voltage transient is applied by means of suitable electrodes and the resulting waveform is sampled, digitised and Fourier transformed using a microprocessor to give a spectrum in the frequency domain. The results show differences in relative permittivity and dielectric loss between different types of tissue. Much of the preliminary clinical work with this apparatus has been done using measurements on breast tumours.
70 citations
TL;DR: The conversion of acetanilides to 2-chloroquinoline-3-aldehydes by Vilsmeier reagent proceeds efficiently in POCl3 solution at 75°.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of small quantities of various polysaccharides on some of the physical properties of an ice cream mix and ice cream has been investigated, and the behavior of traditional compounds was compared with the behaviour of a selection of tree exudate gums.
Abstract: The effect of small quantities of various polysaccharides on some of the physical properties of an ice cream mix and ice cream has been investigated. The behaviour of traditional compounds was compared with the behaviour of a selection of tree exudate gums. The most effective of this group of tree exudate gums was Khaya grandifoliola gum. Although an ice cream mix containing this gum has only a low viscosity Khaya gum produced a wide range of desirable effects.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the behavior of surface films depends on material properties, surface finish and film thickness and that friction may vary through two orders of magnitude due to such effects; the friction of soft metal films being low and that of hard films being high.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a basic understanding of the mechanism of fatigue-crack nucleation in a high-strength steel, under true high-cycle conditions, is developed from microstructural observations of rotating-bending fatigue specimens and theoretical results for the stress concentrations at inclusions and holes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the accumulation of amorphousness as a function of irradiation fluence in a composite model of disorder production was studied and the model was extended to the case of nuclear irradiation.
Abstract: (1979). The accumulation of amorphousness as a function of irradiation fluence in a composite model of disorder production. Radiation Effects: Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 19-24.
TL;DR: Neither dose nor route had any significant effect on the primary response, however, in the secondary response the intramuscular route resulted in significantly increased immunoglobulin production.
Abstract: Immunoglobulin production in the primary and secondary immune response of brown trout to keyhole limpet haemocyanin has been investigated including the effect of dose size, route and number of injections, and the use of adjuvant. Antibody activity was found in the first fraction from Sephadex G200 and in the second from Sepharose 6B. Trout immunoglobulin had β2—Γ1 electrophoretic mobility, and Sapp of 16·7 and an approximate molecular weight of 670 000 daltons. It was sensitive to dithiothreitol and stable at 56°C for 30 min. Immunoglobulin concentrations were measured by single radial immunodiffusion with a specific rabbit antiserum. Sera from non-injected trout had a mean immunoglobulin level of 7·3 ± 0·3 mg ml−1 which accounted for 10% of the total serum protein. Phosphate buffered saline-injected controls contained 6·7 ± 0·2. In fish given a single injection the mean concentration ranged from 7·5 to 12·9 and in those given more than one injection from 12·6 to 16·8. The use of adjuvant resulted in higher immunoglobulin concentrations. Neither dose nor route had any significant effect on the primary response. However, in the secondary response the intramuscular route resulted in significantly increased immunoglobulin production.
TL;DR: In this article, the q-analysis is used to define and operationalise intuitive notions of structure in a soccer match between Liverpool and Manchester United, where the injection of q-holes or obtrusive objects, by the defense of one team appears to contribute to the fragmentation and loss of the other.
TL;DR: In this paper, low energy (6 keV) argon and neon ion scattering was used to investigate changes in the surface structure of a Ni(110) surface caused by the adsorption of oxygen at low exposures (10 −6 Torr s).
TL;DR: Aryl-and Heteroarylnitrene konnen in ihren beiden Elektronenzustanden (Triplett and Singulett) an intra-and intermolekularen Reaktionen teilnehmen as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Aryl- und Heteroarylnitrene konnen in ihren beiden Elektronenzustanden (Triplett und Singulett) an intra- und intermolekularen Reaktionen teilnehmen. Wir haben uns bemuht, in diesem Aufsatz die wichtigsten neuen synthetischen Anwendungen dieser reaktionsfahigen Zwischenstufen zu beleuchten und auf Wege hinzuweisen, die der zukunftigen Forschung auf diesem Gebiet offenstehen. Bei Singulett-Arylnitrenen konnen die Nitrengruppen mit o-Substituenten in Wechselwirkung treten, wobei sich in zum Teil ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten eine Vielzahl anellierter Azole bildet. In geeigneten Losungsmitteln reagieren Phenylnitrene in Gegenwart von Aminen und Alkoholen unter Ringerweiterung zu Azepinen. Diese Reaktion gelingt auch mit einigen Nitrenen, die sich von bicyclischen aromatischen Verbindungen (Naphthalin, Chinolin, Isochinolin, Benzo[b]thiophen) ableiten. Aus diesen Nitrenen konnen auch o-Diamine erhalten werden, die nutzliche Ausgangsstoffe fur Synthesen von Heterocyclen sind. Auch Triplett-Arylnitrene (normalerweise als Storfaktoren bei synthetischen Arbeiten angesehen) lassen sich bei manchen Molekulskeletten fur praktikable Synthesen von Heterocyclen heranziehen. Durch Zersetzung von Arylaziden in einer Mischung aus einer organischen Saure und Polyphosphorsaure sind anellierte Oxazole erhaltlich. – Bei allen Reaktionstypen wird auch der Mechanismus diskutiert.
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed composite model of amorphousness production during ion irradiation of semiconductors at low temperatures and the stepwise approximation to the disorder density profile for disorder accumulation is presented.
Abstract: A detailed composite model of amorphousness production during ion irradiation of semiconductors at low temperatures and the stepwise approximation to the disorder density profile for disorder accumulation is presented. Numerical calculations of this and other models are performed and a series of comparisons are made. It is shown that all the models considered can result in numerically similar amorphousness-ion fluence curves and hence that interpretation of experimental data of this kind can be difficult. It is further shown that if in an experimental procedure disordered but not amorphous regions are also analysed then the resulting disorder-fluence curves can be misleading and almost impossible to interpret without further analyses of, for example, dose rate effects or direct observation of defect density.
TL;DR: In this article, infrared and far infrared spectra of the solid phase of barbituric acid and matrix-isolated and solid 1, 3-dimethyl barbiturate acid were obtained.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that in log-linear models, although the estimated relationship represents the conditional expectation of ln Y, the antilogarithm does not give the condition of Y. This has important implications in spatial analysis.
Abstract: Model specification is a crucial factor in regression. We show that in log-linear models, although the estimated relationship represents the conditional expectation of ln Y, the antilogarithm does not give the conditional expectation of Y. This has important implications in spatial analysis.
TL;DR: Thin layer chromatography of the carotenoid pigments of stigmata isolated from light grown cells of Euglena gracilis strain Z resolved 29 compounds, of which 16 could be eluted and their absorption spectra recorded.
Abstract: Thin layer chromatography of the carotenoid pigments of stigmata isolated from light grown cells of Euglena gracilis strain Z resolved 29 compounds, of which 16 could be eluted and their absorption spectra recorded. Seven of these compounds were identified by a combination of co-chromatography with authentic compounds and by chemical tests, one of these compounds (β-carotene) was further identified by mass spectrometry. The major carotenoids were found to be β-carotene, diatoxanthin and diadinoxanthin which together comprised approximately 60% of the stigma pigments. In addition significant quantities of canthaxanthin, echinenone and cryptoxanthin were isolated and a possible carotenoid ester was detected. The results of this analysis are compared with those of previous workers and the significance of the findings is discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study of an adiabatic catalytic fixed bed reactor has been made under both transient and steady state operation, where temperature measurements have been made within the bed and within two instrumented pellets placed inside the bed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra and lifetime of DPH derivatives were measured and the difference in the photophysical properties as compared with those of non-DPH derivatives are discussed.
TL;DR: Hall effect and resistivity data have been obtained from melt grown single crystals of CuGaSe2 and a shallow accepter state with an ionisation energy of approximately 30 meV has been identified and the results are discussed and compared with similar data obtained from other Cu-III-VI2 compounds.
TL;DR: In this paper, the choice of weights when calculating an autocorrelation statistic is discussed and an examination of autocorerelation in transformed spaces is suggested and illustrated empirically by use of correlograms for German population data and autoregressive statistics for Swedish population data.
Abstract: Autocorrelation provides a means of characterising spatial structure, yet different kinds of structure are revealed in different spaces. The choice of weights when calculating an autocorrelation statistic is discussed. An examination of autocorrelation in transformed spaces is suggested and illustrated empirically by use of correlograms for German population data and autocorrelation statistics for Swedish population data. Transformations are accomplished by use of multidimensional scaling.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of perturbations on the performance of an adiabatic reactor used for processing the exothermic catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide has been investigated.
TL;DR: In this article, a compensation effect was observed for the thermal decomposition of manganese(II) carbonates, prepared in the presence of Al 3+ and Na + ions. And the mechanism of decomposition was found to follow first order kinetics.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of coulomb friction on the Kennedy and Pancu vector plot of a single degree-of-freedom system is analyzed by using the method of harmonic balance.
TL;DR: In this paper, data from ocean weather ships on Station "I" have been analyzed and 3,901 cases where wave heights were both visually observed and measured by recorder at the same date and time.