Showing papers by "University of Turku published in 1977"
TL;DR: The release of fluoride from a glass ionomer cement (ASPA) was compared with that from a silicate cement and the continued release did not decrease very much with time.
Abstract: The release of fluoride from a glass ionomer cement (ASPA®) was compared with that from a silicate cement. Test specimens were shaken in a solution with hydroxy- apatite for 7 weeks. The solution was changed every week and the fluoride taken up by the hydroxyapatite measured. The specimens released considerably more fluoride during each of the first 2 weeks than during each of the subsequent 5 weeks. The continued release did not decrease very much with time. Slightly more fluoride was released from the glass ionomer ceinent than from the silicate.
181 citations
TL;DR: The data support the concept that during normal development a "bed" of preadipocytes is synthesized during the suckling period and suggest a regulatory role for lipoprotein lipase in the control of "lipid-filling" during early postnatal development.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a light microscopic analysis of meiosis in Drosophila oocytes was developed for a light microscopy analysis of the meiosis, and it was shown that the centromeres, whether homologous or non-homologous, are associated in pairs during early meiotic prophase, and that in the karyosome these pairing relationships are preserved until spindle organization at the onset of prometaphase.
Abstract: A new technique was developed for a light microscopic analysis of meiosis in Drosophila oocytes. — When the nuclear envelope breaks down the bivalents, till then compressed into a karyosome, separate in early prometaphase. The homologues remain associated by chiasmata except for the fourth chromosomes which are no longer associated. Non-homologous chromosomes regularly segregating from each other in genetic experiments are also unconnected after karyosome disintegration but during metaphase I the fourth chromosomes and the heterologous pairs coorient on the same arc of the spindle and move precociously towards opposite poles. Nondisjunction and other irregularities are not infrequent in oocytes having an uneven number of achiasmatic elements. The fourth chromosomes and the Xs or the large autosomes, when lacking chiasmata, may be involved in non-homologous segregation. In c3G homozygotes all chromosomes appear as univalents in prometaphase. Segregation is variable but the observations suggest the polar distribution of equal numbers of chromosomes in variable combinations irrespective of the size. — Coorientation of univalents may be accounted for if the centromeres, whether homologous or non-homologous, are associated in pairs during early meiotic prophase, and that in the karyosome these pairing relationships are preserved until spindle organization at the onset of prometaphase.
93 citations
TL;DR: Following papain digestion and precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride onto cellulose ester filter membrane, hyaluronic acid can be separated from sulfated GAGs by selective elution with HCl.
90 citations
TL;DR: The plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide were measured in 37 children and 13 adults with epilepsy during maintenance therapy, and the children formed relatively more of the epoxy metabolite than adults.
Abstract: The plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide were measured in 37 children and 13 adults with epilepsy during maintenance therapy. The children formed relatively more of the epoxy metabolite than adults. The daily dose, expressed as mg/kg or mg/m2, showed a statistically significant correlation with blood level in children, but not in adults. The cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in nine children were 33 and 41 per cent, respectively, of the concomitant plasma level.
70 citations
TL;DR: In comparison with the prelevodopa era, the reduction of mortality and the increase of life expectancy of patients with Parkinson's disease during levodopa treatment possibly reflect the decrease of the early mortality due to Parkinson's Disease.
Abstract: The effect of levodopa on the mortality of patients with Parkinson's disease was investigated in 349 patients treated with levodopa or levodopa combined with a decarboxylase inhibitor during 1969–1975 inclusive. During the study period, 61 patients died. The expected mortality was 32.99 resulting in a ratio of actual to expected deaths of 1.85. The excess mortality was accounted for by patients with a severe disease at entry and especially, by the less favorable effect of levodopa treatment than in the living patients. In comparison with the prelevodopa era, the reduction of mortality and the increase of life expectancy of patients with Parkinson's disease during levodopa treatment possibly reflect the decrease of the early mortality due to Parkinson's disease.
64 citations
TL;DR: Children with migraine or other vascular headaches, cases with visual aura or positive family history for migraine or both, responded statistically better to clonidine than to placebo, and improved response was noted with increased dose ofClonidine.
Abstract: SYNOPSISFifty-seven children, ages 0–15 years, with migraine or other vascular headaches were treated with clonidine (28) and placebo (29). A double-blind technique without crossover was used for two months. The mean daily dose was 1.2 mgkg body weight during the first month, and 2.1 mgkg during the second month. Mean total follow-up period was 7.9 months. Headaches were completely abolished during treatment in one-third of patients in both placebo and clonidine groups. Fifty-seven percent of children on clonidine and 42 percent of those on placebo were greatly improved. This difference is not statistically significant. Cases with visual aura or positive family history for migraine or both, responded statistically better to clonidine than to placebo. Improved response was noted with increased dose of clonidine. Two patients had side effects which interfered with daily activities and one discontinued treatment because of nausea and vomiting.
63 citations
TL;DR: Samples from 56 resected stomachs, including 28 cases of intestinal and 14 of diffuse type gastric carcinoma, were studied by electron microscopy and many similarities were demonstrated between intestinal metaplasia and intestinal type carcinomas.
Abstract: Samples from 56 resected stomachs, including 28 cases of intestinal and 14 of diffuse type gastric carcinoma, were studied by electron microscopy. The main ultrastructural features of intestinal and diffuse type gastric carcinomas were described and compared to the ultrastructure of normal gastric mucosal cells and cells occurring in intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Many similarities were demonstrated between intestinal metaplasia and intestinal type carcinomas. The cells of diffuse type carcinomas closely resembled the goblet cells of intestinal metaplasia. Microvilli, similar to those in the brush border of the intestinal columnar cells, could be demonstrated in the carcinomatous surface epithelium and occasionally also in individually spreading cells of the diffuse type carcinoma. Intracellular cysts with microvilli on the cyst wall were occasionally found in both types of carcinoma. The histogenetic origin of gastric carcinoma was discussed.
60 citations
TL;DR: Moderate tissue hyperoxia seems to support host defense mechanisms against infection, enhance cross-linking of collagen, and stimulate epidermal regeneration.
60 citations
TL;DR: The maximal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of 6 sensory nerves was determined in 88 normals and 59 uraemic patients and it became possible to verify the negative correlation between the height of the patient and NCV.
58 citations
TL;DR: The uncured Molloplast material caused a definite inhibition of candida growth in vitro, while the cured material indicated no growth inhibition.
Abstract: Mycotic flora was studied from the dentures and denture bearing mucosae of 39 persons who wore soft-lined (Molloplast B) mandibular dentures and heat-cured acrylic resin maxillary dentures. Fungal growth was detected in 85% of the mandibular dentures and in 44% of the maxillary dentures (p less than 0.001). On the mandibular mucosa fungal growth was revealed in 74% and on the mucosa of the maxilla in 69%. In connection with inflamed mucosae fungal growth was always detected on the mandibular denture and on the mandibular mucosa in 93% as well as on the maxillary denture in 50% and on the maxillary mucosa in 75%. Considering the healthy mandibular mucosa fungus was found in 75% on the mandibular dentures and in 62% on the mucous membranes. In connection with healthy maxillary mucosae the corresponding figures were 42% and 68%. The specimens revealed 7 different yeasts and 2 moulds. The most common fungi were Candida albicans (86%), Torulopsis glabrata (31%), and C. tropicalis (14%). The uncured Molloplast material caused a definite inhibition of candida growth in vitro, while the cured material indicated no growth inhibition.
TL;DR: When serum samples from patients with past exposure to herpes simplex virus were tested, endpoint titers of virus-specific IgG antibodies were found to be 8 to 2048 times higher than titers determined by a complement fixation test.
TL;DR: The patient, a 13‐year‐old girl, was subjected to craniotomy because of a right frontal tumor and 25 months after the operation and postoperative irradiation, the patient is without any signs of recurrence.
Abstract: A case of the rare primary intracerebral neuroblastoma is reported. The patient, a 13-year-old girl, was subjected to craniotomy because of a right frontal tumor. The removed tumor tissue was composed of immature, highly cellular areas with numerous mitotic figures, adjacent to fields with Homer-Wright rosettes, and areas consisting of neuroblasts and mature neurons. There was no evidence of a primary tumor elsewhere in the body and 25 months after the operation and postoperative irradiation, the patient is without any signs of recurrence. Determination of catecholamines and their metabolites in the urine and cerebrospinal fluid gave normal results. Dense-corded vesicles could not be detected in the tumor cells by electron microscopy. A review of previously reported cases of primary intracerebral neuroblastomas is included. The cell of origin and the possibility of transition of a differentiating intracerebral neuroblastoma to ganglioneuroma are discussed.
TL;DR: The overall drug hydroxylation reactions, and their components, achieved maximal induction in 1 wk and the disappearance of induction in epoxide hydratase was slower than in the monooxygenases, and UDPglucuronosyltransferase still showed a trend toward increased activity 4 wk after the administration.
Abstract: Two common environmental pollutants, DDT and a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture (Clophen A‐50), were administered ip to rats in discrete single doses (160 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) and in combination. All the enzyme activities studied were enhanced by DDT and PCB. The overall drug hydroxylation reactions, and their components, achieved maximal induction in 1 wk. The cytochrome P‐450 content of microsomes was increased nearly fourfold and NADPH‐cytochrome c reductase activity was enhanced twofold by both compounds. p‐Nitroanisole O‐demethylase was increased sevenfold by PCB and fourfold by DDT, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase threefold by PCB and 1.7‐fold by DDT. After 2 wk the activities began to decline. Distinct increases in enzyme activities were still detectable 1 month after a single dose. Epoxide hydratase and UDPglucuronosyltransferase activities were also enhanced in 1 wk (epoxide hydratase 2.5‐fold by both compounds, UDPglucuronosyltransferase tenfold by PCB in trypsin‐activated microsomes ...
TL;DR: Naproxen was administered for 14 days in tablet form to 21 children with JRA (18 girls and 3 boys) and steady state in naproxen plasma levels was achieved about 72 hours after the start of the treatment.
Abstract: Metabolism, safety and efficacy of naproxen in the treatment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were the three main topics of this study.First, when treating children with naproxen, the metabolism of the drug was followed by estimating plasma levels and by determining naproxen and its metabolite, 6-demethylated naproxen, in the urine, both in conjugated and unconjugated form. Naproxen was administered for 14 days in tablet form to 21 children with JRA (18 girls and 3 boys). Their ages ranged from 5 to 16 years (mean 9.9 years). The daily dose of naproxen was approximately 10 mg/kg divided in two doses. The peak plasma level after the ingestion of the very first tablet was reached after 4 hours, on average. Steady state in naproxen plasma levels was achieved about 72 hours after the start of the treatment. Naproxen plasma levels in the morning samples during the steady state varied between 25 and 30 /μg/ml; 4 hours after the daily medication the peak levels were 39–41 μg/ml. These values ...
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TL;DR: The notions of “L form” and its “interpretations” are introduced to define families of structurally similar L systems, felt that this novel approach will shed new light on many questions concerning L systems.
Abstract: In this paper the notions of "L form" and its "interpretations" are introduced to define families of structurally similar L systems. The families of L systems thus defined are studied from a number of different points of view. It is felt that this novel approach will shed new light on many questions concerning L systems.
TL;DR: Plasma renin activity and angiotensin I levels were significantly elevated throughout pregnancy and showed maximal mean values at the 10th week, gradually returning to the level of nonpregnant women 7 days after delivery, suggesting the priority of natriuresis in the regulation of aldosterone secretion during pregnancy.
Abstract: Plasma renin activity, the concentration of angiotensin I and the urinary excretion of aldosterone and sodium were studied longitudinally in 10 healthy primigravidae from the 10th week of pregnancy monthly until the 7th puerperal day. Plasma renin activity and angiotensing I levels were significantly elevated throughout pregnancy and showed maximal mean values at the 10th week, gradually returning to the level of nonpregnant women 7 days after delivery. They daily urinary excretion of aldosterone was also increased throughout pregnancy, but the mean values showed an increasing trend until 34th week. They returned to nonpregnant levels 7 days after delivery. There were no significant changes in the urinary excretion of sodium during pregnancy but the mean value was lower than in the nonpregnant control group. There was a significant positive correlation between urinary aldosterone and sodium values, while an almost significant negative correlation existed between urinary aldosterone and plasma renin activity, suggesting the priority of natriuresis in the regulation of aldosterone secretion during pregnancy. No corrleation was found between plasma renin activity and urinary sodium excretion values.
TL;DR: Polystyrene balls have been incorporated as the solid-phase of a model double-antibody radioimmunoassay for human serum albumin to separate primary antibody bound iodinated antigen from unbound antigen.
TL;DR: Nitrazepam in plasma was determined by gas-liquid chromatography with a nickel-63 electron-capture detector, unchanged by a direct method and also by a hydrolysis method, which are clinically comparable.
TL;DR: On the basis of incorporation experiments with labelled precursors it is suggested that the SiO2-liberated macrophage factor retards the degradation of polysomal RNA.
TL;DR: The antibacterial effect of purified human salivary lactoperoxidase on a cariogenic strain of Streptococcus mutans was demonstrated and the necessity of the contact between the enzyme and the cells before inhibition was indicated.
Abstract: The antibacterial effect of purified human salivary lactoperoxidase on a cariogenic strain of Streptococcus mutans was demonstrated while another oral peroxidase, probably of leukocytic origin, did not affect the growth. Lactoperoxidase was rapidly adsorbed by bacterial cells indicating the necessity of the contact between the enzyme and the cells before inhibition.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: Styrene oxide was found to bind covalently to homogenate, microsomes and protein and nucleic fractions of the rat liver after intraperitoneal administration in vivo.
Abstract: Styrene oxide was found to bind covalently to homogenate, microsomes and protein and nucleic fractions of the rat liver after intraperitoneal administration in vivo Styrene oxide also bound covalently in vitro when incubated with different liver fractions, and reduced glutathione decreased this binding The free glutathione content of the liver was decreased by styrene oxide in vivo
TL;DR: The suggestion that the chromatoid body contains a store of long-lived mRNA molecules that are activated later during spermiogenesis when transcription in the spermatid nucleus has ceased but a high level of protein synthesis still persists is suggested.
Abstract: The effect of actinomycin D on the chromatoid body of rat spermatids has been studied by light and electron microscopy, high resolution autoradiography and biochemical methods.
TL;DR: In these test systems hyperlipidemic serum was without effect but when added to smooth muscle cells incubated in suspension, produced a significant increase in the amount of collagen secreted.
TL;DR: During hypoxic autolysis at room temperature between 18–20° C in vitro, rat pancreatic acinar cells are capable of responding to secretory stimulation for 3 to 6 h after removal of the tissue from the experimental animal, and most of zymogen granules remain morphologically intact even at the time when cell membranes show evidence of damage.
Abstract: Effects of anoxemic cell injury on rat pancreatic acinar cells were studied in a preparation where tissue samples were incubated at temperature between 18–20° C in a moist atmosphere for 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h in vitro. Electron microscopy revealed that disintegration of acinar cells began by swelling of various cell compartments and gradual breakdown of cell membranes. Zymogen granules remained morphologically intact for at least 3 h. There were no signs of increased autophagic activity during the period of observation. Myelin figures and other membranous remnants of disintegrated cells, together with individual cells and cell organelles whose morphology was relatively well preserved were seen even after 24 h incubation. The secretory response of acinar cells to pancreozymin stimulation, as measured by amylase release into the incubation medium in vitro, decreased progressively closer to zero during 12 h autolysis. No active trypsin could be detected in the tissue samples during the 24 h observation time. It was concluded that during hypoxic autolysis at room temperature between 18–20° C in vitro:
TL;DR: The results suggest that the inhibition of collagen synthesis by anti-inflammatory steroids is a consequence of a general inhibition of protein synthesis.
TL;DR: The fact that common control mechanisms are involved may explain some of the often observed metabolic interactions of season and temperature acclimation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the rate constants for the hydrolysis of six alkyl and four aryl β-d -xylofuranosides in aqueous perchloric acid at various temperatures have been measured.
TL;DR: It is shown that the problem whether an effectively given deterministic ω-context-free language is in the family of all closures of deterministic context-free languages is decidable.