Showing papers in "Journal of Dental Research in 1977"
TL;DR: Three caries preventative regimens were evaluated in patients with cancer given xerostomia-producing radiotherapy and the oral hygiene-fluoride gel combination was remarkably effective in protecting these high risk patients from caries, regardless of the cariogenicity of the diet.
Abstract: Three caries preventative regimens: oral hygiene; oral hygiene and topical fluoride; and oral hygiene, typical fluoride, and sucrose restriction were evaluated in patients with cancer given xerostomia-producing radiotherapy. The oral hygiene-fluoride gel combination was remarkably effective in protecting these high risk patients from caries, regardless of the cariogenicity of the diet.
282 citations
TL;DR: Dental experience appeared to sensitize the child to dental procedures, and experience may also allow the children to accurately distinguish between stressful and nonstressful procedures.
Abstract: Behavioral, self-report, and physiological measures were used to study the response of young children to their initial series of dental visits. Their negative response increased from the examination visit through the third treatment visit, then decreased during the fourth treatment visit and the polish visit. Initially, dental experience appeared to sensitize the child to dental procedures. Experience may also allow the child to accurately distinguish between stressful and nonstressful procedures.
190 citations
TL;DR: Carious dentin consists of a superficial first layer and a deeper second layer and the second layer showed a change in the cross-linkage of collagen with cross links partly shifting to precursors indicating irreversible denaturation of collagen.
Abstract: The amino acid composition and intermolecular cross links of collagen fibers in the two layers of carious dentin, differentiated by a 0.5% basic fuchsin-propylene glycol-stain, were biochemically investigated. No difference in the pattern of amino acid composition of collagen fibers was found between the first and second layers of carious dentin and the sound dentin. However, obvious differences in the intermolecular cross links of collagen fibers were found between the three layers. Namely, compared with the sound dentin, the second layer of carious dentin had decreased cross links and increased precursors. This change is considered to be reversible. Contrastingly, in the first layer, both the cross links and the precursors remarkably decreased. In addition, the hexitollysines (protein-saccharide compounds probably related to bacterial metabolism) were found and several peaks of unknown materials appeared. This indicates irreversible destruction of cross-linkage in the first layer of carious dentin.
144 citations
TL;DR: An insoluble preparation of rat dentin matrix was shown to possess bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity, i.e. the capacity to induce the formation of cartilage and bone when implanted intramuscularly, and the view that a portion of dentin phosphoprotein is firmly bound was supported.
Abstract: An insoluble preparation of rat dentin matrix was shown to possess bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity, i.e. the capacity to induce the formation of cartilage and bone when implanted intramuscularly. Since BMP activity was previously attributed to noncollagenous proteins (NCP) of bone and dentin, the nature of NCP of the rat dentin was examined. After treatment of the matrix with purified bacterial collagenase, three NCP were solubilized concomitantly with digestion of the dentin collagen to smaller peptides. The three proteins were separated by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Two of the NCP were rich in aspartate, glutamate, glycine, serine, and alanine, and thus displayed compositions similar to acidic proteins of other connective tissues. The third NCP was shown by amino acid composition to be the aspartate, serine-rich phosphoprotein, which occurs mostly in a soluble form in rat dentin. This observation supports the view that a portion of dentin phosphoprotein is firmly bound.
128 citations
TL;DR: Histological study of the human jaw muscle revealed that the extensive mobility of the temporomandibular joint, and the maintenance of mandibular posture during mastication and speech are strongly influenced by proprioceptive mechanisms.
Abstract: Histological study of the human jaw muscle revealed that the temporal muscle displayed 342 muscle spindles, 208 in the horizontal and 134 in the vertical portion; the masseter muscle contained 114 spindles, 91 in the superficial and 23 in the profound portion; the medial pterygoid muscle had 59; and the lateral pterygoid muscle contained 6, four in the upper head and two in the lower head. These data suggest that the extensive mobility of the temporomandibular joint, and the maintenance of mandibular posture during mastication and speech are strongly influenced by proprioceptive mechanisms.
104 citations
TL;DR: Etching for 15 seconds or two minutes gave no apparent difference in appearance of enamel, denlin, and inner surface of the restoration, and an "in-pair" evaluation of the results of 320 photographs was done.
Abstract: Buceal cavities were prepared in vivo on 22 contralateral tooth pairs. The cavities and the surrounding enamel were either etched or cleaned, with a surface-active solzition (the control). The cavities were filled with Concise Enamel Bond and composite or left unrestored. The teeth were extracted, imanertiately after treatment. Treated surfaces or the inner surface of the restorations were studied in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). An "in-pair" evaluation of the results of 320 photographs was done.The etched axial wall had a smooth surface with widened and patent denlinal tubule apertures. The corresponding inner resin surfaces were irregular, sporadically showing tags of varying length corresponding to the denlinal tubules and alternating with pits of varying size. Etching for 15 seconds or two minutes gave no apparent difference in appearance of enamel, denlin, and inner surface of the restoration.
99 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of the present iiote is to describe the Pattern of wear of posterior coinposite r estoratioris throrl'h tIre LISC of c nox0cl tWO-Stagel' Fr'e)p lication technique.
Abstract: Clinical evaluation of posterior restoratixe materials has showIn that wear proceeds at a mulch faster rate in coniposite resins than in amal\"ams (PHILLIPS et al, J Prosth Dent 26:68. 197 1 28:164, 1972; LEINFELLDER et al, J Prosth Dent 33:407. 1975). With thc recent dexelopment of in vixo replication techniquies (e.g., TAx et a, Brit Dent J 137:463, 1974). wear patterns may be StUdied with the aid of the SEM. The purpose of the present iiote is to describe the Pattern of wear of posterior coinposite r estoratioris throrl'h tIre LISC of c nox0cl tWO-Stagel' Fr'e)p lication technique. C(ormcposite restoratiorns hic h hicac beuI llace'd uinder clinic ally controlledcl ocnlitiolus tiP to four vears ago were relilicated in xixvo corin\" Xantopren BlcreU for both the negatix e imupressions arid the ptositixe replicas (R. P. Kusy and K. F L iNFiiDFoRn.tonprnlblishedc \\fter precoatin\" the seclond-stao'e replica witli carbon. Au-PcI was deposited prior to observation witth the SEM.t Lsing an acceleratinxoltce,'e of 2. 5 KV, condens-i ctirrert of 0.7-0.9 anipj). anJ a work-iug distainc of cLa 20 nmn, the c ciriccsl-t 's
89 citations
TL;DR: Enamel biopsies taken from schoolchildren in a community where exposure to lead was a health hazard were analyzed for lead and fluoride and infants with lead poisoning showed higher saliva lead than a normal infant.
Abstract: Enamel biopsies taken from schoolchildren in a community where exposure to lead was a health hazard were analyzed for lead and fluoride. The children with high enamel lead had significantly higher caries scores than the children with low enamel lead, in spite of the fact that the high lead group also was higher in enamel fluoride. There was no increase in enamel lead with age. The lead in saliva was only a fraction of that in blood. Infants with lead poisoning showed higher saliva lead than a normal infant. The use of the lead in enamel biopsies and in saliva for measuring exposure to lead is discussed.
87 citations
TL;DR: The question next arises as to the maximum extent of sex discrimination that is possible with crownsize measurements and indices as well as the minimum number of teeth that are effective in stepwise discriminant analysis.
Abstract: Since males and females consistently differ in tooth-crown size, it is practical to employ crownsize diameters for "sexing" recent or archaeological material (DITCH and ROSE, Am J Phys Anthrop, 37:61-64, 1972; CORRUCCINI and HENDERSON, J Dent Res, 55: 713, 1976). The question next arises as to the maximum extent of sex discrimination that is possible with crownsize measurements and indices as well as the minimum number of teeth that are effective in stepwise discriminant analysis. We have made use of mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the right permanent teeth of 109 white boys and 95 white girls. Odontometric dimensions were measured on an optical digitizing device, the OPTOCOM (VAN DER LINDEN et al, I Dent Res, 51:1100, 1972; MOYERS et al, Standards of Human Occlusal Development 1976, pp 7-10). The measurements, averaged from multiple casts of each individual, were also converted into a mesiodistal-to-buccolingual ratio for each tooth. The resulting values were included in a discriminant analysis (AFIFI and
86 citations
TL;DR: Nickel-chromium alloy-ceramic couples used in this study exhibited Cr, Ni-Cr, and Ti-Cr interactions with bonding agent-cersamic complexes.
Abstract: Nickel-chromium alloy-ceramic couples used in this study exhibited Cr, Ni-Cr, and Ti-Cr interactions with bonding agent-ceramic complexes. Bonding agents may broaden or suppress the width of interaction zones. Metal oxides such as NiO, Cr2O3, or more complex forms such as TiO-Cr2O3 and NiCr2O4 may play a prominent role in controlling ceramic-metal adherence.
84 citations
TL;DR: An in vitro method of toxicity testing of dental restorative materials is described in which their clinical usage is closely simulated and changes in enzyme activity are determined by scanning and integrating microdensitometry.
Abstract: An in vitro method of toxicity testing of dental restorative materials is described in which their clinical usage is closely simulated. The test material was separated from the cells by either a synthetic filter or dentine slice. Toxic effects were quantitated by determining changes in enzyme activity by scanning and integrating microdensitometry.
TL;DR: Children's responses to dental procedures which were repeated over a series of six visits were studied and suggest dental experience resulted in desensitization to nonstressful procedures and sensitization to stressful procedures.
Abstract: Children's responses to dental procedures which were repeated over a series of six visits were studied. Response to a mirror and explorer examination at the beginning of each visit deteriorated initially and then improved over the last three visits. Responses to the four injections were increasingly negative. The response to cavity preparation did not change significantly during the four treatment visits. The results suggest dental experience resulted in desensitization to nonstressful procedures and sensitization to stressful procedures.
TL;DR: This study evaluated the effect of such irradiation therapy on the rate of unstimulated whole saliva flow in a series of unselected head and neck cancer patients.
Abstract: Patients with head and neck malignant disease who have received cancerocidal levels of irradiation often develop a highly destructive type of dental caries. There is general agreement that this effect of irradiation on the teeth is indirect and results primarily from the severe depression of salivary gland function associated with such treatment. This study evaluated the effect of such irradiation therapy on the rate of unstimulated whole saliva flow in a series of unselected head and neck cancer patients. Ten white males in the 47 to 67 year age group with primary malignant lesions of the head and neck included in the study only by the criterion of being one of the first 10 patients in the series to complete six full weeks of irradiation (delivered by parallel opposed fields from a Cobalt 60 source and administered at a daily dose level of 225 rads, usually on a Monday through Thursday schedule each week) and saliva sampling. Mean dosage was 4,432 rads (S.D. = 900), ranging from 2,250 to 5,400 rads. The patient receiving 2,250 rads (treatment interrupted due to complications) was an exception; the next lower dosage was 3,825 rads. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from each patient immediately before treatment. Patients were directed to minimize oral movements, and to allow saliva to drool into a calibrated tube. Pretreatment sampling included specimens collected through the morning of the first radiotherapy appointment. Thereafter a saliva sample was collected, as nearly as possible, before each of the four irradiation treatments per week. For each patient, a mean was calculated for flow rate for each week; this figure was used to derive a mean for flow rate for all patients for each week. Before irradiation, 37 samples were collected from these 10 subjects and 159 collections
TL;DR: Patients withperiodontitis juvenilis and patients with periodontitis were tissue typed and frequencies of tissue type specificities HLA-A9, HLA -A28, and HLA_BW15 were significantly increased as compared to the findings in the general population.
Abstract: Patients with periodontitis juvenilis and patients with periodontitis were tissue typed. In the juvenile group, frequencies of tissue type specificities HLA-A9, HLA-A28, and HLA-BW15 were significantly increased as compared to the findings in the general population. In the periodontitis groups, no significant tissue type deviations were found.
TL;DR: No single species appears to be uniquely associated with the onset of dental caries, and in two of 15 instances no isolations of S mutans were made from sites which developed caries.
Abstract: 1. During the two-year period, caries developed at 20% of the target premolar sites. The attack rate for these surfaces was similar in the plaque panel and the other subjects in the study. 2. The microbial composition of plaque samples from caries-free sites and from carious sites before and after radiographic detection of lesions was broadly similar. 3. Numerical domination of particular sites by S mutans before detection of caries can occur, but has only been observed so far in 2 of 15 sites. 4. Pooled date from sites which have developed lesions indicate a rise in the isolation frequency and mean numbers of S. mutans after detection of caries. This trend was particularly obvious in the one subject who developed bilateral lesions by the second examination and in three of four sites where caries was detected at the fourth examination. Similar observations have been made with lactobacilli. 5. In two of 15 instances no isolations of S mutans were made from sites which developed caries. 6. To date, no single species appears to be uniquely associated with the onset of dental caries.
TL;DR: Results indicated functional C1 and functional whole complement activities in gingival crevicular fluid are rapidly inactivated by dental plaque and possibly other host factors.
Abstract: Crevicular fluid was collected from patients with periodontitis and tested for the presence of a functional complement system. The effect of dental plaque on the first complement component (C1) was studied. Results indicated functional C1 and functional whole complement activities in gingival crevicular fluid are rapidly inactivated by dental plaque and possibly other host factors.
TL;DR: Changes in the rat parotid gland and its secretion, brought about by chronic isoproterenol administration, and morphological and biochemical analyses showed evidence of changes in the secretory components.
Abstract: Changes in the rat parotid gland and its secretion, brought about by chronic isoproterenol administration, were studied. In addition to the expected enlargement, morphological and biochemical analyses of the glands showed evidence of changes in the secretory components. Chromatographic and electrophoretic experiments revealed both qualitative and quantitative changes in the secretory proteins.
TL;DR: The present paper reports the effect of the prophylactic program from the entire fouryear period of trial, which revealed that the children had dramatically improved their oral hygiene, had excellent gingival conditions, and had practically no new caries lesions.
Abstract: It is well recognized that dental plaque is the main etiologic factor in gingivitis and that carious lesions do not develop in the absence of microbial colonization on tooth surfaces.4 11,12 The preventive effect of successful plaque control programs on gingivitis and periodontitis is generally accepted but it has been questioned whether the development of caries can be avoided or reduced by improved oral hygiene.2 16 Some years ago, a clinical trial was initiated in Swedish school children to study if it was possible to eliminate gingivitis and caries by utilizing a meticulous plaque control program. The trial was carried out in children aged 7 to 14 years. Once every second week during a two-year period, they were recalled to a dental nurse for oral hygiene instructions and professional tooth cleaning with mechanical instruments. During cleaning, a prophylaxis paste was used which contained sodium monofluorophosphate. The clinical reexaminations after one and two years of such preventive care revealed that the children had dramatically improved their oral hygiene, had excellent gingival conditions, and had practically no new caries lesions. The effective plaque control exercised by the children prompted the authors to prolong the interval between the professional prophylaxis. Hence, during the third and fourth years of trial, the same preventive treatment was delivered but less frequently. The present paper reports the effect of the prophylactic program from the entire fouryear period.
TL;DR: Upon exposure to laser radiation, enamel powder mixed with NaF underwent an increase in crystallite size and/or perfection with a significant uptake of fluoride, suggesting a possible role for the laser in caries prevention.
Abstract: Upon exposure to laser radiation, enamel powder mixed with NaF underwent an increase in crystallite size and/or perfection with a significant uptake of fluoride. Incisor teeth lased in the presence of NaF released significantly less calcium and phosphorus into sodium acetate (pH 4.0) compared with unlased controls, suggesting a possible role for the laser in caries prevention.
TL;DR: An investigation has been carried out into the nature of the black pigment in black extrinsic tooth stain and it is suggested that the black material is a ferric salt, probably ferric sulfide, formed by the reaction between hydrogen sulfide produced by bacterial action and iron in the saliva or gingival exudate.
Abstract: An investigation has been carried out into the nature of the black pigment in black extrinsic tooth stain. The results suggest that the black material is a ferric salt, probably ferric sulfide, formed by the reaction between hydrogen sulfide produced by bacterial action and iron in the saliva or gingival exudate.
TL;DR: Results suggest that the IO cup provides a simple, reliable method for collecting parotid saliva.
Abstract: A plastic intraoral (10) cup developed to facilitate collection of human parotid saliva was tested on two groups of patients. Samples collected in both IO and tubed cups exhibited no significant differences in lysozyme or lactoperoxidase activity, levels of total protein or secretory IgA, or in flow rates. Results suggest that the IO cup provides a simple, reliable method for collecting parotid saliva.
TL;DR: During hibernation changes occurring in the bone suggest osteocytic osteolysis, which means minerals may be mobilized from bone for utilization elsewhere in the body to maintain a minimal metabolic level for surtival.
Abstract: The interradicular alveolar bones of the nonhibernating and hibernating ground squirrels were compared using laght and transmission electron microscopy. During hibernation changes occurring in the bone suggest osteocytic osteolysis. Minerals may be mobilized from bone for utilization elsewhere in the body to maintain a minimal metabolic level for surtival.
TL;DR: Fracture toughness, critical strain energy release rate, and critical stress intensity factor were determined for experimental and commercial restorative resins and were consistent with surface failure observed in single-pass wear studies of these resins.
Abstract: Fracture toughness, critical strain energy release rate, and critical stress intensity factor were determined for experimental and commercial restorative resins. A composite resin had lower resistance to crack initiation than an unfilled acrylic resin. The data were consistent with surface failure observed in single-pass wear studies of these resins.
TL;DR: In vitro method was used to study the influence of enamel organ cellular activity on the uptake of 45Ca in the developing enamel of rat molars, and uptake in newly secreted enamel matrix was increased.
Abstract: An in vitro method was used to study the influence of enamel organ cellular activity on the uptake of 45Ca in the developing enamel of rat molars. Heat killing, inhibition with DNP, or stripping of the enamel organ from the tooth had no apparent effect on 45Ca uptake patterns in maturing enamel. However, uptake in newly secreted enamel matrix was increased.
TL;DR: The results indicate that both jaw motion error and silent period duration are large in patients with TMJ-muscle-pain dysfunction, both are small in normal subjects, and both areSmall in successfully treated patients.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to compare, in the subjects, the duration of the EMG silent period with jaw motion error. The results indicate that both jaw motion error and silent period duration are large in patients with TMJ-muscle-pain dysfunction, both are small in normal subjects, and both are small in successfully treated patients. There is a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.91; P < 0.01) between the two diagnostic parameters of TMJ-muscle-pain dysfunction.
TL;DR: Salivary pellicles developed on extracted teeth favorably affected the degree and nature of enamel demineralization when the teeth were incubated in vitro with either of two pure strains of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans.
Abstract: Salivary pellicles developed on extracted teeth favorably affected the degree and nature of enamel demineralization when the teeth were incubated in vitro with either of two pure strains of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. The mechanism responsible for this protection may relate to the permselective properties of these salivary pellicles.
TL;DR: There were negative correlations between DMFT increments and the frequency of apples, fruit juice, and sugarless gum intake, and a positive association ofDMFT increments with chocolate candy intake and spending money.
Abstract: The relationship between the frequency of eating various snack foods, socioeconomic variables, and an increment in caries was studied in 143 adolescents. There were negative correlations between DMFT increments and the frequency of apples, fruit juice, and sugarless gum intake, and a positive association of DMFT increments with chocolate candy intake and spending money.
TL;DR: The results showed that the mechanical removal of sharp edges from bristle tips substantially reduced the level of soft tissue abrasion while a dentifrice polishing agent applied to the tissue with a brush did not increase the abrasive effect of the brush.
Abstract: The effect of toothbrushes on soft tissue abrasion was measured using hamster cheek pouch tissue brushed mechanically for various intervals. The detection of protein removed during brushing was used as an index of tissue abrasion. The method was found to be sensitive in detecting the effects of brush load, number of strokes applied, and the texture of the brush. The results further showed that the mechanical removal of sharp edges from bristle tips substantially reduced the level of soft tissue abrasion while a dentifrice polishing agent applied to the tissue with a brush did not increase the abrasive effect of the brush.
TL;DR: Laser welding and one-piece castings of three units were found to be significantly superior to soldering and the laser welding was most reliable.
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate objectively the relative distortion in three-unit bridges joined by laser welding, soldering, or one-piece casting techniques, Each procedure was replicated five times. Laser welding and one-piece castings of three units were found to be significantly superior to soldering. The laser welding was most reliable.
TL;DR: A week of kanamycin gel treatment before and after the placement of dental restorations, compared to a placebo gel treatment, significantly reduced the levels of cultivable bacteria, S mutans and S sanguis, in the plaque samples collected immediately after the completion of the gel treatments.
Abstract: A week of kanamycin gel treatment before and after the placement of dental restorations, compared to a placebo gel treatment, significantly reduced the levels of cultivable bacteria, S mutans and S sanguis, in the plaque samples collected immediately after the completion of the gel treatments, and was associated with a 46% reduction in new carious surfaces in the 14- to 37-month period following the gel treatment.