Showing papers by "University of Vermont published in 1984"
TL;DR: Strain in the human knee ACL was significantly different depending on whether the knee flexion angle was changed passively or via simulated quadriceps contraction, and the knee joint capsule was found to be important for strain protection of the ACL.
Abstract: The rehabiliation of knee injuries involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is controversial. This paper describes strain in the normal and reconstructed ACL during a series of passive and active tests of knee flexion with and without varus, valgus and axial rotation torques on the tibia.
519 citations
TL;DR: Small vessels can be maintained under conditions that approximate their in vivo state more closely than other in vitro techniques using ring segments on wires and the opto-electronic instrumentation is ideally suited for studying the dynamic vessel properties that underlie the control of vascular smooth muscle.
Abstract: The muscular resistance arteries of the mesentery and brain serve two different control functions in the cardiovascular system. The former are representative vessels of vascular beds that influence total peripheral resistance and blood pressure; the latter are a good model of vessels in beds that demonstrate blood flow autoregulation. Our purpose was to develop a versatile myographic system appropriate for the in vitro study of 75–250 μm diameter vessels and to explore different physiological properties of cerebral and mesenteric arteries. In this paper the system is described in detail, examples of its use in determining the dynamic responses of the vessels to electrical stimulation are provided, and certain measures indicative of the extent of myogenic behavior are characterized. Cylindrical artery segments about 3-mm long were dissected from Wistar-Kyoto rats and mounted in a chamber filled with physiological saline solution maintained at 37°C. The same solution was perfused via a syringe into one end of the vessel through a microcannula. The other end was then occluded so that experiments could be made over a wide range of transmural pressures without flow. The vessel was viewed through a microscope coupled with a TV camera, and the video output signal of a selected scan line was processed by an electronic dimension analyzing system. This permitted simultaneous digital presentation and analog voltage outputs of the vessel wall thicknesses and lumen diameter. We further incorporated servo control of the syringe using a motor drive. In this way, vessel tests could be carried out at constant pressure or constant diameter, and vessel responses could be obtained following either pressure or diameter command signals. Using the methods presented in this study, small vessels can be maintained under conditions that approximate their in vivo state more closely than other in vitro techniques using ring segments on wires. We also find that the opto-electronic instrumentation is ideally suited for studying the dynamic vessel properties that underlie the control of vascular smooth muscle.
258 citations
TL;DR: A critical review of the literature of retrolental fibroplasia indicates that the cause of this disease is not yet known and that excessive oxygen administration probably plays a minor role, in contrast to the first epidemic in which prolonged oxygen administration was clearly a major factor.
Abstract: A critical review of the literature of retrolental fibroplasia indicates that the cause of this disease is not yet known. Oxygen is certainly a critical factor but it is still not possible to make precise recommendations as to the amount or the duration of therapy that is safe. We have overemphasized the role of oxygen in the past, and as a result of this the false impression has been created that RLF is a disease that can be prevented. This gross oversimplification of a complex disease with multiple causes has resulted in many unjustified malpractice claims. A study of the present epidemic indicates that excessive oxygen administration probably plays a minor role, in contrast to the first epidemic in which prolonged oxygen administration was clearly a major factor. A reasonable working hypothesis is that the developing retina is highly sensitive to any disturbance in its oxygen supply, either hyperoxemic or hypoxemic. The retinal circulation is subject to the same wide fluctuations as the cerebral circulation in newborn infants. The very low-birth-weight, sick premature infant suffers from a number of conditions, many of which can seriously disturb the retinal circulation, resulting in hypoperfusion and ischemia. These factors (immaturity, hyperoxia, hypoxia, blood transfusions, intraventricular hemorrhage, apnea, infection, hypercarbia, hypocarbia, patent ductus arteriosus, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, vitamin E deficiency, lactic acidosis, prenatal complications, genetic factors) may all be present in an infant. They may interact to produce various degrees of retinal damage. Nearly all of these factors cannot be prevented or controlled by our present methods of care. Unfortunately, this means that RLF is an extremely difficult disease to prevent, treat, or investigate. A disease of this complexity with multiple causes will require very large numbers of infants in any controlled study of a therapy. Retrolental fibroplasia should not be considered an avoidable iatrogenic disease in very low-birth-weight infants. Its cause in these infants is not known.
215 citations
TL;DR: It was found that in washed human platelets the psychotropic triazolobenzodiazepine drugs alprazolam and Triazolam potently inhibited PAF-induced changes in shape, aggregation, and secretion.
Abstract: Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a naturally occurring phospholipid, is a potent activator of various biological processes, including platelet aggregation. The mechanisms by which PAF acts are largely unknown, partly because of the lack of specific inhibitors for PAF-elicited responses. It was found that in washed human platelets the psychotropic triazolobenzodiazepine drugs alprazolam and triazolam potently inhibited PAF-induced changes in shape, aggregation, and secretion. The effects were specific for PAF activation, since the responses of human platelets to adenosine diphosphate, thrombin, epinephrine, collagen, arachidonate, and the calcium ionophore A23187 were not inhibited by the triazolobenzodiazepines. These psychotropic drugs should be useful in investigating the possibility that PAF or PAF-like phospholipids play a role in neuronal function and in elucidating biochemical mechanisms activated specifically by PAF in a variety of cells.
212 citations
TL;DR: An open referral 24-hour ambulatory monitoring service rarely results in identifying relevant symptom-related arrhythmias in patients with syncope, and records many asymptomatic arrhythias that can compound rather than resolve the diagnostic problem in older patients.
Abstract: The effectiveness of an open referral electrocardiographic monitoring service in identifying an arrhythmogenic cause for syncope was evaluated. Over 5 years, 7,364 patients of all ages underwent ambulatory 24-hour electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring using a 2-channel recorder. Of these, 1,512 (20.5%) were referred because of syncope. During monitoring, 15 patients had syncope and 7 of the episodes were related to an arrhythmia, usually ventricular tachycardia. Presyncope was reported in 241 patients, with a related arrhythmia in 24. Thus, an arrhythmia-related symptom that could be diagnostic was present in only 2% of the patients monitored. However, syncope or presyncope without an associated arrhythmia might be considered a negative diagnostic clue and occurred in 225 (15%). High-grade atrioventricular block was present in 15 and ventricular tachycardia in 116; only 6 (5%) reported associated symptoms. An age-related incremental increase in atrial and ventricular arrhythmias was found. In 415 of the 1,004 patients (41%) aged 60 years or more, arrhythmias that are conventionally associated with sinoatrial disease were recorded. Using stringent diagnostic criteria, the sick sinus or tachybradycardia syndrome was present in 33 (3%). Many older patients (70%) were taking drugs that could be arrhythmogenic, hypotensive or both. It is concluded that an open referral 24-hour ambulatory monitoring service rarely results in identifying relevant symptom-related arrhythmias in patients with syncope. It records many asymptomatic arrhythmias that can compound rather than resolve the diagnostic problem in older patients, because the data obtained could lead to unnecessary therapy. An iatrogenic cause for syncope should always be considered.
203 citations
TL;DR: It is found that compressive forces at intensities between 500 and 800 mg mm−2 can induce a conspicuous spatial ordering of division activity when applied to sterile plant tissues during continued growth in culture, which results in cambium-like areas of cell wall co-planarity.
Abstract: The architectural nature of cell patterns in plants, which are visible under the light microscope, offers strong intuitive evidence for a structural relationship between mechanical forces acting through the tissue and cell wall orientation at cytokinesis. However, a direct relationship between the two has never been convincingly established. We find that compressive forces at intensities between 500 and 800 mg mm−2 can induce a conspicuous spatial ordering of division activity when applied to sterile plant tissues during continued growth in culture; this results in cambium-like areas of cell wall co-planarity which are clearly distinguishable from the characteristically disorganized growth of unstressed regions of the explant, and implies the presence of an intracellular structural–mechanical sensor capable of directing the installation of the new cell partition. The experiment reported here, in which compressive forces were applied to plant tissue growing in vitro, provides an example of mechanical control of division plane.
156 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that in this population of breast cancer patients, breast self‐examination was related to earlier detection and improved survival, and lead‐time would have to be at least 3 years to negate the apparent beneficial effects of breast self-examination on survival.
Abstract: To determine the relation between breast self-examination and survival of breast cancer patients, the authors studied 1004 newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer patients in Vermont general hospitals from 1 July 1975 to 31 December 1982. More frequent breast self-examination was associated with a greater likelihood of the patient's detecting her own cancer, less delay from first symptom to histologic diagnosis, earlier clinical stage, smaller pathologic tumor size, and fewer axillary node metastases. At a median follow-up time of 52 months (maximum follow-up, 92 months), 14% of the breast self-examination performers had died of breast cancer versus 26% of the nonperformers (P less than 0.001 based on chi-square). The product limit survival curve for breast self-examination performers (N = 424) was significantly better (P less than 0.001 by log-rank test) than for breast self-examination nonperformers (N = 411). Survival at 5 years was 75% for breast self-examination performers versus 57% for the nonperformers. The significant survival differences persisted after adjusting for any combination of the covariates age, method of detection, family history of breast cancer, and delay in treatment (P less than 0.002). Lead-time would have to be at least 3 years to negate the apparent beneficial effects of breast self-examination on survival. The authors conclude that in this population of breast cancer patients, breast self-examination was related to earlier detection and improved survival.
156 citations
TL;DR: Tests of the hydroxyl-scavenging ability of the three streptozotocin antagonists revealed that 3-aminobenzamide, nicotinamide and 1,1-dimethyl urea were effective scavengers of this free radical.
Abstract: In studies to evaluate possible inhibitors of the B-cell toxin, streptozotocin, the superoxide scavenger, superoxide dismutase, did not prevent or reduce the toxic effects of streptozotocin as determined by loss of insulin secretion from rat pancreatic B cells in monolayer culture. However, 1,1-dimethyl urea, a scavenger of the hydroxyl radical, did afford significant protection. Both scavengers diminished the cytotoxic effects of alloxan. The inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase, 3-aminobenzamide and nicotinamide, also were effective in attenuating alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced B-cell toxicity. Tests of the hydroxyl-scavenging ability of the three streptozotocin antagonists revealed that 3-aminobenzamide, nicotinamide and 1,1-dimethyl urea were effective scavengers of this free radical. Conversely, 1,1-dimethyl urea, although not as potent as 3-aminobenzamide or nicotinamide, was found to inhibit poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase. These data indicate that these chemicals most likely attenuate alloxan-induced toxicity by scavenging the hydroxyl radical and diminish streptozotocin-induced toxicity by inactivation of the poly (ADP-ribose) system.
134 citations
TL;DR: An experimental analysis of an anxiety model of bulimia nervosa was conducted in five patients by examining the effects on various response systems of an exposure plus response prevention treatment paradigm as discussed by the authors.
132 citations
TL;DR: The goal of this conference is to provide a platform for future generations of Zoologists to discuss and discuss the natural history of infectious disease and its role in the animal kingdom.
Abstract: Deadline: August 14, 1984 For Oral and Poster Presentations DENVER'84 SOCIALS, SPECIAL PROGRAMS, COMMERCIAL EXHIBITS, JOB PLACEMENT SERVICE ... For more information, contact: Mary Wiley, Executive Officer, American Society of Zoologists, Box 2n9 California Lutheran College, Thousand Oaks, California 91360, Telephone: 805-492-3585
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a multivariate model based on economic performance, international involvement, political experience, and presidential popularity was proposed to predict the winner of the presidential election in the post-World War II period.
Abstract: Our primary aim is to forecast, rather than explain, presidential election results, using aggregate time series data from the post-World War II period. More particularly, we seek prediction of the presidential winner well before the election actually occurs. After comparing the performance of several naive blvariate models based on economic performance, international involvement, political experience, and presidential popularity, we go on to formulate a multivariate model. This economy-popularity regression model rather accurately forecasts the winner 6 months in advance of the election, by employing spring measures of presidential popularity and the growth rate in real GNP per capita. Furthermore, the model's performance, both ex post facto and prior to the election, compares favorably with the Gallup final preelection poll taken only a few days before the election.
TL;DR: A field trial of artificial insemination in horses with transproted, chilled semen was conducted using a specially designed container which permitted a controlled, slow initial rate of cooling and maintenance of a final temperature of 4 degrees -6 degrees C for more than 36 hrs.
TL;DR: It is concluded that these sit-and-wait predators have a relatively large repertoire of behavior that enhances their foraging success, and it is compared with previously made optimal foraging models relating to pit locations, pit relocations, pit size and ant lion responses.
Abstract: Larvae of Myrmeleon immaculatus in large pits captured both large and samll prey, while larvae in small pits captured only the small prey. Larvae in small pits did not respond to large ants, although they always responded by sand-flinging to small ants. Larvae in medium-sized pits often captured large ants only after prolonged and vigorous sand-flipping. Larvae in large pits usually captured large ants with relatively little sand-flipping. Pit enlargement and pit relocation in the laboratory were not significantly correlated with reduction of rations in the first 3 weeks after a pit was built. However, after a month without food, larvae on the average moved once every 10 days, built successively smaller pits, and moved longer distances before building a new pit. In the field pits were dug primarily in response to microclimatological factors and possibly edge-effects. The presence or absence of suitable prey at a site, per se, had no effect on whether or not a larva would dig a pit there. We conclude that these sit-and-wait predators have a relatively large repertoire of behavior that enhances their foraging success, and we contrast it with previously made optimal foraging models relating to pit locations, pit relocations, pit size and ant lion responses.
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that cardiac myocarditis is the product of cellular immune mechanisms and not T-lymphocyte-dependent humoral or cellular immunity, as previously reported.
TL;DR: Bumblebees appeared to use remotely perceived cues to maximize their rates of nectar intake, and an optimal foraging model was highly successful in qualitatively predicting the relationship between handling time and proportion of inflorescence rejected by individual bees.
Abstract: On both artificial flowers in the laboratory and certain plant species in the field, bumblebees often closely approached flowers and then departed without probing for nectar. In laboratory experiments where nectar rewards were associated with subtle visual or olfactory cues, bumblebees approached and avoided non-rewarding flowers. Flowers that bees entered and probed for nectar contained rewards much more frequently than predicted by chance alone. When there were no external cues associated with nectar content, bees visited rewarding flowers by chance alone, provided rewarding flowers were not spatially clumped. In the field, bumblebees approached and rejected a large proportion of dogbane flowers and red clover inflorescences. On both species, flowers or inflorescences probed by bees contained more nectar than those rejected by bees or those that I chose at random. On fireweed and monkshood, bees rarely or never approached and rejected healthy-looking flowers. Predictions generated by an optimal foraging model were tested on data from four bumblebee species foraging on red clover. The model was highly successful in qualitatively predicting the relationship between handling time and proportion of inflorescences rejected by individual bees, and the relationship between threshold nectar content for acceptance by bees and average resource availability. Thus, bees appeared to use remotely perceived cues to maximize their rates of nectar intake.
TL;DR: Comparison of the pattern of aortic nerve innervation with that of the distribution of neurotensin‐immunoreactive cells and fibers shows the dorsomedial nucleus of the NTS both to be the primary site of aORTic baroreceptor termination and to contain the highest concentration of neurotensing elements within the NTS.
Abstract: We have examined the distribution of neurotensin immunoreactivity within subnuclear regions of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DVN) in the rat. In order to determine which regions of the NTS were involved in the regulation of baroreceptor reflexes, we mapped the central distribution of the aortic branch of the vagus nerve using transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. Comparison of the pattern of aortic nerve innervation with that of the distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells and fibers shows the dorsomedial nucleus of the NTS both to be the primary site of aortic baroreceptor termination and to contain the highest concentration of neurotensin-immunoreactive elements within the NTS. Neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers are also present in medial regions of the NTS adjacent to the area postrema where they may be involved in the modulation of vagal gastric afferents.
Double-label experiments, in which, on the same tissue sections, neurotensin immunohistochemistry was combined with retrograde horseradish peroxidase labeling of DVN neurons, reveal a topographic innervation of vagal preganglionic motoneurons by neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers. The heaviest innervation is of lateral portions of the DVN and adjacent ventral portions of the NTS at the level of the obex, an area which may contain cardiac motoneurons. In this region neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers can be observed in close proximity to retrogradely labeled cells.
The concentration of neurotensin elements in a region of the NTS which is involved in the control of baroreceptor reflexes provides a morphological basis for the cardiovascular effects produced by central administration of the peptide. Additional control may be exerted at the level of the motoneuron, as evidenced by apparent neurotensin fiber innervation of presumptive cardiac preganglionic neurons. Similarly, the distribution of neurotensin fibers suggests that the peptide may be acting in gastric regulatory areas of the NTS or on vagal secretomotor neurons to regulate gastric acid secretion.
TL;DR: In this article, a discussion of Thomason's "Parthood and Identity across Time" (The Journal of Philosophy 80, 1983, p. 201-220) is presented, in which the author tries to construct a modele which rende compte de la continuite et de l'identite du corps a travers le temps.
Abstract: L'A. s'interroge sur le modele correct de la quatrieme dimension des objets, i.e. leur dimension temporelle, a partir notamment d'une discussion de J. Thomson "Parthood and Identity across Time" (The Journal of Philosophy 80, 1983, p. 201-220). L'A. s'efforce en particulier de construire un modele qui rende compte de la continuite et de l'identite du corps a travers le temps.
TL;DR: In 1953 Sanger and Thompson described the complete covalent structure of insulin, a hormone containing two separate peptide chains and three disulfide bonds, and proposed models for the structure and function were proposed.
Abstract: IN 1953 Sanger and Thompson described the complete covalent structure of insulin, a hormone containing two separate peptide chains and three disulfide bonds.1 , 2 Although proposed models for the biosynthesis of such a complex molecule were debated for many years, it was not until 1967 that the mechanism for insulin biosynthesis was finally elucidated: using an in vitro system containing isolated pancreatic islets or human insulinoma tissue and Radio-labeled amino acids, Steiner and his colleagues showed that the formation of insulin was preceded by the biosynthesis of a single-chain insulin-containing peptide about 1 1/2 times the size of insulin itself.3 , 4 Isolation . . .
TL;DR: If thisin vitro observation of thymosin induced increased antibody production reflects what might occur in a clinical trial in which elderly subjects receive thymOSin coincident with vaccine, greater protection against influenza infection may result.
Abstract: Despite massive immunization programs, influenza remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for elderly people. This may occur because immune senescent recipients may respond to vaccination with inadequate antibody production. We measured antibody response to the trivalent 1983-1984 influenza vaccine in young and elderly volunteers and found a significantly reduced response in the latter. The age-associated decreased antibody production was also observed in lymphocyte cultures in which specific antiinfluenza antibody synthesis was measured. In these cultures, however, the addition of a thymic hormone preparation (either thymosin fraction 5 or thymosin alpha 1) was shown to enhance specific antibody synthesis to a greater extent in the cultures established from the elderly volunteers. If this in vitro observation of thymosin induced increased antibody production reflects what might occur in a clinical trial in which elderly subjects receive thymosin coincident with vaccine, greater protection against influenza infection may result.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the main and interactive effects of feedback sequence (negative-positive vs. positive-negative) and expertise of the rater (high vs. low) on perceptions of feedback accuracy.
Abstract: Using a 2 × 2 experimental design, the present study examined the main and interactive effects of feedback sequence (negative-positive vs. positive-negative) and expertise of the rater (high vs. low) on perceptions of feedback accuracy. In addition, the study assessed the moderating effects of locus of control and self-esteem on the relationship between feedback sequence and perceived feedback accuracy. Results indicate that the order in which positive or negative feedback is presented affects perceived feedback accuracy. Moreover, results suggest that feedback sequence interacts with the expertise of the rater to affect perceptions of feedback accuracy. In addition, the findings suggest that both locus of control and self-esteem moderate the relationship between feedback sequence and perceived feedback accuracy. Implications of the study's findings for presenting feedback in performance appraisal/feedback sessions are discussed.
TL;DR: Comparing injuries sustained by a large group of children to those of injured adults and a control population of skiers selected from the Sugarbush North ski area in northern Vermont found height, weight, and proximal tibial diameter to vary with age, but in any given age group there was no significant difference with injury type or the controls.
Abstract: The objective of our study was to compare injuries sustained by a large group of children to those of injured adults and a control population of skiers selected from the Sugarbush North ski area in northern Vermont. We reviewed all 3182 injuries which occurred over nine ski seasons (1972 to 1973 through 1980 to 1981) at Su garbush North. Six hundred and ninety-six (22%) of these injuries occurred in children 16 years of age or younger. For all injuries combined, those under 11 years of age had the same rate of injury as adults. Adoles cents had a higher injury rate. Foot and ankle injuries were more common in younger children. Knee injuries made up one-fifth of all injuries in all age groups and in older skiers tended to be relatively more serious. Tibia fractures were more prevalent in younger skiers and declined in all age groups over the period of study. Head and spine injuries comprised 6.2% of the pediatric injuries, and were more prevalent in children than in adults. Upper body injuries were less co...
TL;DR: Human serum transferrin specifically and reversibly binds 2 equiv of vanadate at the two metal-binding sites of the protein, and studies on the transferrin model compound ethylenebis(o-hydroxyphenylglycine) indicate that at pH 9.5, the vanadium is binding at the metal- binding site as a dioxovanadium(V) cation coordinated to two phenolic residues at each binding site.
TL;DR: Warts in EV respond to systemic and intralesional IFN-alpha, with histologic normalization accompanied by a 95% decrease in the number of viral antigen-containing cells in the warts.
Abstract: The susceptibility of human papillomavirus infection to polyclonal human leukocyte interferon (IFN-α) has been evaluated in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), a disease with extensive chronic papillomavirus-induced warts. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with intralesional IFN-α, four of five IFN-α-treated warts regressed; none of the placebo-treated warts responded (p = 0.024). Three patients with EV were treated with systemic IFN-α for 4 weeks in an open study, achieving partial regression of warts in all three. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, warts in two children with EV regressed with systemic IFN-α while two who received placebo showed no improvement. The lesions recurred following cessation of Therapy. At the completion of therapy with IFN-α, histologic normalization was accompanied by a 95% decrease in the number of viral antigen-containing cells in the warts (p
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a survey of 102 senior physical therapy students to identify, from the students' perspective, training needs for clinical instructors, and identified 43 clinical instructor behaviors in four categories (communication, interpersonal relations, professional skills, and teaching behaviors).
Abstract: I conducted a survey of 102 senior physical therapy students to identify, from the students' perspective, training needs for clinical instructors. The literature identified 43 clinical instructor behaviors in four categories (communication, interpersonal relations, professional skills, and teaching behaviors). Students scored these behaviors for their importance and frequency. Results demonstrated all behaviors were perceived as somewhat significant and frequent. The students scored communication as most important followed by interpersonal relations, teaching, and professional skills behaviors. Frequency of the 43 behaviors was evenly distributed among the four categories. Correlational analysis of the perceived importance with the frequency of each behavior yielded 9 statistically significant positive correlations, no negative correlations, and 16 near random correlations. Positive correlations were 56 percent professional skills and 44 percent teaching behaviors. Near random correlations were 38 percent communication, 6 percent interpersonal relations, 6 percent professional skills behaviors, and 50 percent teaching. These 16 behaviors are identified as the target for clinical instructor training programs. This method in individual clinical settings is discussed briefly.
TL;DR: Identified were 1,906 cases of confirmed lung cancer that occurred among all residents of New Hampshire and Vermont over a 4-year period and the diagnosis made by the original pathologist was generally confirmed upon review, except for the large cell undifferentiated cell type which appeared to be an unreliable classification.
Abstract: Identified were 1,906 cases of confirmed lung cancer that occurred among all residents of New Hampshire and Vermont over a 4-year period. Medical records, pathologists' reports, and, when possible, pathology slides were obtained and reviewed to assign cases to a specific histologic diagnosis. The diagnosis made by the original pathologist was generally confirmed upon review, except for the large cell undifferentiated cell type which appeared to be an unreliable classification. Among men at all ages incidence rates for squamous cell cancer far exceeded those for adenocarcinoma and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, and the three age-incidence curves showed a similar pattern, rising until the eighth decade of life and then declining. Among women these three major cell types occurred about equally often, but the age-incidence curves differed in shape with adenocarcinoma reaching a peak incidence at an earlier age.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between primary divisiveness and general election results in gubernatorial and senatorial elections and found that a divisive primary adversely affects a party's chance for general election victory.
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between primary divisiveness and general election results in gubernatorial and senatorial elections. Previous work in this area has been unable to substantiate this relationship. However, these inconclusive results may be due in part to conceptual and methodological shortcomings. We attempt to avoid such pitfalls in an effort to test the divisive primary hypothesis more effectively. Our study, which analyzes separately gubernatorial and senatorial elections, reveals that a divisive primary adversely affects a party's chance for general election victory. Curiously, the analysis also demonstrates that divisive primaries disadvantage senatorial candidates more than gubernatorial candidates, and Democratics more than Republicans.
TL;DR: A patient with long-standing sarcoidosis was found to have jejunal atrophy and nonnecrotizing granulomas of the stomach, small bowel, and colon when she presented with malabsorption when she received corticosteroid treatment for severe pulmonary disease.
TL;DR: The present study investigates the relationship between elders who are volunteers, employed, or participating in meal site programs, and life satisfaction and finds that participation as a volunteer for the Retired Senior Volunteer Program is the strongest and most consistent predictor of life satisfaction for disadvantaged elders.
Abstract: Although research generally indicates a positive relationship between activity and well-being, the strength of the relationship depends upon the presence or absence of personal and social resources such as health, solvency, residence, and surviving spouse as well as the nature of the activity itself. When such resources diminish, remaining activities take on added significance for maintaining morale. The present study investigates the relationship between elders who are volunteers, employed, or participating in meal site programs, and life satisfaction. The responses of 1400 systematically selected elders to a needs assessment survey in a four-county area in northwestern New England suggest that those individuals experiencing the greatest number of resource deficits, such as living alone, residing in a city, and being in poor health, benefitted the most from participating in these formal activities. An unanticipated finding was that the strongest and most consistent predictor of life satisfaction for disa...