Showing papers by "University of Zambia published in 1987"
TL;DR: An audit of the operations performed and the use of anaesthesia over one year at the University Teaching Hospital, two provincial hospitals, and five district or church hospitals in Zambia found that if more doctors were trained to give local and regional anaesthesia more necessary surgery could be performed.
Abstract: An audit of the operations performed and the use of anaesthesia over one year at the University Teaching Hospital, two provincial hospitals, and five district or church hospitals in Zambia was carried out. The aim of the audit was to determine what proportion of operations required full surgical training and to collect information on which recommendations for training surgeons in central Africa could be based. Of the 21,245 operations performed, 18,401 (86.4%) were found not to be complex, and the procedures could be taught to non-surgeons. General anaesthesia was used often, but if more doctors were trained to give local and regional anaesthesia more necessary surgery could be performed.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the differential effectiveness of traditional and discovery methods of instruction for the teaching of science concepts, understandings about science, and scientific attitudes, to learners at the concrete and formal level of cognitive development.
Abstract: This study examined the differential effectiveness of traditional and discovery methods of instruction for the teaching of science concepts, understandings about science, and scientific attitudes, to learners at the concrete and formal level of cognitive development. The dependent variables were achievement, understanding science, and scientific attitude; assessed through the use of the ACS Achievement Test (high school chemistry, Form 1979), the Test on Understanding Science (Form W), and the Test on Scientific Attitude, respectively. Mode of instruction and cognitive development were the independent variables. Subjects were 120 Form IV (11th grade) males enrolled in chemistry classes in Lusaka, Zambia. Sixty of these were concrete reasoners (mean age = 18.23) randomly selected from one of the two schools. The remaining 60 subjects were formal reasoners (mean age 18.06) randomly selected from a second boys' school. Each of these two groups was randomly split into two subgroups with 30 subjects. Traditional and discovery approaches were randomly assigned to the two subgroups of concrete reasoners and to the two subgroups of formal reasoners. Prior to instruction, the subjects were pretested using the ACS Achievement Test, the Test on Understanding Science, and the Test on Scientific Attitude. Subjects received instruction covering eight chemistry topics during approximately 10 weeks. Posttests followed using the same standard tests. Two-way analysis of covariance, with pretest scores serving as covariates was used and 0.05 level of significant was accepted. Tukey WSD technique was used as a follow-up test where applicable. It was found that (1) for the formal reasoners, the discovery group earned significantly higher understanding science scores than the traditional group. For the concrete reasoners mode of instruction did not make a difference; (2) overall, formal reasoners earned significantly higher achievement scores than concrete reasoners; (3) in general, subjects taught by the discovery approach earned significantly higher scientific attitude scores than those taught by the traditional approach. The traditional group outperformed the discovery group in achievement scores. It was concluded that the traditional approach might be an efficient instructional mode for the teaching of scientific facts and principles to high school students, while the discovery approach seemed to be more suitable for teaching scientific attitudes and for promoting understanding about science and scientists among formal operational learners.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of 94 miombo woodland stands was conducted in different parts of Zambia, and stackwood yield for charcoal production was assessed at 90 sites at each site.
32 citations
TL;DR: With few exceptions, administration of the PGE2 analogue induced vaginal bleeding in both pregnant and non‐pregnant women but the duration and subjectively perceived amount of bleeding were greater than after vacuum aspiration, and both treatments were equally effective.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined some of the practical aspects involved in using dynamic programming for ultimate pit design (UPD) and some DP proposals were reviewed and the question of the optimum ultimate pit versus the practical need for generating acceptable non-optimum pits, using minimum computing times and core storage, was examined.
21 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the goal of microdose administration of 2μg levonorgestrel to the uterine cavity does not achieve the objectives of a new and improved IUD device which is safe and effective.
20 citations
TL;DR: Pitman's views were shared by many in the audience and many more within and outside Uganda as discussed by the authors, who believed that the Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) was and still is the most hated and feared creature in the African waterways.
Abstract: 'IT IS STRANGE that the loathly crocodile can provide sufficient interest to provide the wherewithal for one of our periodic talks', said C. R. S. Pitman, then Chief Game Warden of Uganda, in an address to the Uganda Society in 1941.1 His views were shared by many in the audience and many more within and outside Uganda. The Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) was and still is the most hated and feared creature in the African waterways (rivers, lakes, swamps and marshes). R. C. Maugham, a well travelled South African hunter and trader in East and South-Central Africa, observed in 1906 that the Crocodile was a 'veritable curse of. . . the African rivers', and in his opinion there was 'probably no more dangerous, more stealthly or more universally hated and feared branch of creation than the [the crocodile]'.2 The fear and hate for the crocodile stemmed from its man-eating activities which European travellers, traders, missionaries and colonial administrators described in glowing, horrid and lurid terms.3 Some of them were true, others were obviously exaggerated to add to the element of adventure and to stir hate and dislike for the crocodile among the Europeans and, to some extent, Africans as well. The crocodile, like the wolf in North America, came to be seen as better dead than alive.4 The following quotations confirm this attitude. The first comes from a 1973 book by Alistair Graham and Peter Beard:
20 citations
TL;DR: The Kafue National Park was established in 1950 and the northern boundary was drawn to include the Busanga Plain, where there was a small population of red lechwe, much reduced by hunting as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: When the Kafue National Park was established in 1950 the northern boundary was drawn to include the Busanga Plain, where there was a small population of red lechwe, much reduced by hunting. The effect of the protection was striking: numbers began to increase immediately and by 1973 there were 2000 individuals. In 1985 the authors conducted censuses to establish how the antelopes had fared in the intervening years. Their findings reveal just how successful the conservation measures have been.
19 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the perceptions of farmers towards cotton insect pest management in Zambia found that only a few farmers were aware of the role of biological control and the significance of weeding in cotton pest management and in some cases, the ED formulation of Cypermethrin was reported to be more effective than EC formulations.
Abstract: A random sample of 90 small scale cotton growers was selected and interviewed in three target areas, to investigate the perceptions of farmers towards cotton insect pest management in Zambia. Information is given on farmers control practices, their perceptions of insect damage and the effectiveness of control. All farmers interviewed were knowledgeable about the common insect pests of cotton. The American bollworm (Heliothis armigera), red bollworm (Diparopsis castanea), and aphids (Aphis gossypii) were reported to be the worst pests. Some farmers use more insecticide applications than is locally recommended probably because they overestimate potential losses. Many farmers felt that the insecticides they use (pyrethroids) are very effective against pests. In some cases, the ED formulation of Cypermethrin was reported to be more effective than EC formulations. The commonly practised nonchemical methods of insect control are growing cotton in rotation with other crops and destruction of cotton plants after harvest. Only a few farmers were aware of the role of biological control and the significance of weeding in cotton pest management. Many farmers inspected their crops to decide the timing of spray applications but did not follow the recommended scouting methods.
12 citations
TL;DR: Training of hooded rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions centered on the anterior basolateral amygdala indicated that the disruptive effects of the lesions were inversely related to the dosage level of LiCl but not lactose, providing further evidence that BLA mediates only certain types of CTA learning.
12 citations
TL;DR: An attempt has been made to help the Health Authorities in their efforts to combat these diseases by implementing, as an 'Action Research', a simple Control Strategem making full use of the available resources and facilities.
Abstract: THE HIGHER prevalence of Sexually Trans mitted Diseases (STDs) such as syphilis and gonorrhoea is one of the health problems among the major diseases in Zambia today in spite of the available medic...
TL;DR: Quantitation of the blood ingested can assist in the estimation of the number of gametocytes of Leucocytozoon caulleryi (Mathis & Leger) ingested by C. arakawae .
Abstract: Measurements were made to determine the quantity of blood ingested, in relation to the concentrated blood meal, by Culicoides arakawae (Arakawa) maintained in the laboratory. Blood taken in a single meal by a female midge was calculated from the contents of hemoglobin, nitrogen, and iron within 15 min after engorgement. Ingested blood calculated from chemical analyses (ca. 0.36 mg) was ca. 2.5-fold heavier than that estimated from the increase of the body weight. Quantitation of the blood ingested can assist in the estimation of the number of gametocytes of Leucocytozoon caulleryi (Mathis & Leger) ingested by C. arakawae .
TL;DR: In this article, the main theorem on Borel measures μ on RN such that √ p,dx − √ √ σ p,μ (0 < p < ∞) for all entire functions ǫ of N complex variables that are of bounded exponential type is given.
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibilities of using hafnium irradiation filters for fast neutron activation analysis have been evaluated and compared with some traditional filter materials, such as traditional filter material.
Abstract: The possibilities of using hafnium irradiation filters for reactor fast neutron activation analysis have been evaluated. The filter characteristics of hafnium for this application are discussed and compared with some traditional filter materials. The main advantage for hafnium is its ability to remove a great portion of the slowing down neutrons, which may enhance the sensitivity of determination via threshold reactions.
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, a construction for les representations projectives des sous-groupes des rotations W + (Φ) des groupes de Weyl is presented. Butt et al.
Abstract: On donne une construction pour les representations projectives des sous-groupes des rotations W + (Φ) des groupes de Weyl
TL;DR: Farmers generally felt that cotton pest management can be improved by introducing frequent training courses, increased number of extension workers coupled with demonstrations in cotton fields, and the means of communication are discussed.
Abstract: Ninety farmers selected at random from three cotton growing districts of Zambia were interviewed to assess the current status of training and other sources of advice available, to help them in insect pest management of cotton. Training courses and demonstrations on pest control were attended by only about 50% of the farmers interviewed. The training, organized mostly by Government Farm Training Institutes, emphasized general aspects of cotton production. Whereas the demonstrations on chemical control were occasionally organized by multinational companies like ICI, Hoechst, and Shell Chemicals. Ninety-two per cent of the farmers were aware of the extension workers in their respective areas and were visited on an average of 4.8 times per growing season. The ratio of extension workers to small scale cotton farmers is reported and the means of communication are discussed. The other sources of information on cotton pest management available to farmers were radios, field days, leaflets and informal discussions within the farming community. Farmers expressed the need for more advice on methods of insect scouting and application of insecticides on cotton. Farmers generally felt that cotton pest management can be improved by introducing frequent training courses, increased number of extension workers coupled with demonstrations in cotton fields. The average yields of seed cotton obtained by trained farmers was 759.39 kg/ha as compared to untrained farmers who obtained 719 kg/ha.
TL;DR: In this paper, the projet de developpement d'une collection speciale d'archives d'histoire orale, comme source de recherches a la bibliotheque de l'universite de Zambie, is presented.
Abstract: Presentation du projet de developpement d'une collection speciale d'archives d'histoire orale, comme source de recherches a la bibliotheque de l'universite de Zambie: la methodologie et le financement du projet sont detailles
TL;DR: Le desordre ou lorientation des plans de reflexion augmente lorsque le champ augmente, ce qui se traduit par des lignes manquantes sur le diagramme de diffraction.
Abstract: Le desordre ou l'orientation des plans de reflexion augmente lorsque le champ augmente, ce qui se traduit par des lignes manquantes sur le diagramme de diffraction RX
TL;DR: Empirical findings indicate that the occupational sector has a significant influence on the decision to move or stay in the Indian city of Ahmedabad.
Abstract: This is a study of the factors associated with the decision to move in the Indian city of Ahmedabad. The objective of the study is to examine the nature and influence of occupational sectors (formal and informal) on the decision to move. A subsample of 1630 households selected from 2000 households surveyed in 1976 is used. The method of linear logistic regression is used to analyze data. Empirical findings indicate that the occupational sector has a significant influence on the decision to move or stay. The factors associated with the decision to move or stay vary by sectors.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simplified expression for the temperature dependence of trap depth was derived and experimental observations confirmed the existence of a number of deep trap levels (0.9 − 1.02 eV) in CdS and it was suggested that with the knowledge of these trap levels a better correlation between experimental and theoretical results for tunnel-induced impact ionization is possible.
TL;DR: A nine-item Guttman scale is presented on intention for individual rural resettlement (irr) in this article, where subjects were asked about their views towards three ordinal and cumulative categories of incentives for irr presented in combination with three time periods for which the person would be willing to move from the city to rural areas to try farming.
Abstract: A nine-item Guttman scale is presented on intention for individual rural resettlement (irr). Subjects were asked about their views towards three ordinal and cumulative categories of incentives for irr presented in combination with three ordinal categories of time periods for which the person would be willing to move from the city to rural areas to try farming. The English-language questionnaire was translated to Nyanja, a Zambian language spoken widely in the Lusaka area. The coefficient of reproducibility was calculated on data from a sample of 39 low income peri-urban subjects. This coefficient approached closely but did not meet the criterion value needed for a fully qualified Guttman scale. Nonetheless, the scale retains many advantages of Guttman scales.The scale may be used as a measure of behavioural intention for three classes of social research on rural development. First, for static descriptions or comparisons of irr-intention among population groups such as peri-urban unemployed "squatters." Se...
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-report questionnaire was used to study emotional experiences and their antecedents in a sample of 82 students at the University of Botswana and the results include assessment of bodily symptoms and verbal reactions, the main factors felt as responsible for the emotion, the consequences of the emotion experience on self-esteem and the student's relationship with others.
Abstract: A self-report questionnaire was used to study emotional experiences and their antecedents in a sample of 82 students at the University of Botswana. The results include assessment of bodily symptoms and verbal reactions, the main factors felt as responsible for the emotion, the consequences of the emotion experience on self-esteem and the student's relationship with others. They are discussed in the light of the characteristics, cultural and others, of the sample.
TL;DR: In this paper, single gene effects on the performance of West German Bred Cockerels of different genotypes under Zambian conditions were investigated and a single gene effect was found to have a significant effect on performance.
Abstract: (1987). Single Gene Effects on the Performance of West German Bred Cockerels of Different Genotypes Under Zambian Conditions. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal: Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 221-229.