Showing papers by "Virginia Commonwealth University published in 1975"

A Factor Analytic Inquiry into the Multidimensionality of Death Anxiety

Abstract: The multidimensionality of the concept of death anxiety is highlighted and previous attempts to clarify the concept are reviewed. Advantages of the factor analytic method of concept elaboration are...

The mechanism of action of methotrexate. III. Requirement of free intracellular methotrexate for maximal suppression of (14C)formate incorporation into nucleic acids and protein.

Abstract: Recent studies from this laboratory suggest that association of methotrexate with high-affinity intracellular binding sites has little effect upon the incorporation of [3H]deoxyuridine into DNA, while relatively high intracellular levels of methotrexate in excess of the tightly bound fraction are required for inhibition. In this report the effects of different components of intracellular methotrexate on [14C]formate uptake and incorporation into nucleic acids and proteins in cultured L-cell mouse fibroblasts are evaluated. [14C]Formate is rapidly taken up by these cells and metabolized to molecular forms which do not penetrate the cell membrane. After 30 min about 60% of the 14C remains in the acid-soluble fraction. Of the radiolabel in the acid precipitate approximately 55% is associated with RNA, 11% with DNA, and 33% with protein. Intracellular methotrexate sufficient only to saturate high-affinity sites causes only slight inhibition of [14C]formate uptake by intact cells or of [14C]formate incorporation into RNA, DNA, and protein. However, intracellular methotrexate in excess of this fraction markedly inhibits these processes, with 50% inhibition of [14C]formate incorporation into DNA, RNA, and protein at intracellular methotrexate levels of 0.3, 1.0, and 3 µM, respectively. These data suggest that intracellular methotrexate in excess of that necessary to saturate high-affinity sites is required to suppress nucleic acid and protein synthesis—an effect that may be related to an interaction between methotrexate and a dihydrofolate reductase form with a low affinity for this agent.

Modification of an impulsive cognitive tempo in emotionally disturbed boys.

Abstract: In order to determine the relative effectiveness of verbal selfinstructions and training to delay before responding in modifying an impulsive cognitive style, 15 impulsive emotionally disturbed boys were assigned to one of three groups. The cognitivetraining group was given practice in verbal selfinstructions, the delay-training group received practice in delaying before responding, and the control group received no training. Posttreatment scores on the Matching Familiar Figures Test showed a significant increase in latencies for both the cognitive and delaytraining groups. However, only the cognitive training group, which had received practice in verbal self instructions, made fewer errors following training. Implications for future research and potential treatment strategies for verbal selfinstructions are discussed.

Neutralized lanthanum solution: a largely noncolloidal ultrastructural tracer.

Abstract: Lanthanum nitrate solution adjusted to pH 7.4 and pH 7.7 was subjected to column chromatography, ultrafiltration and conductivity measurements. Lanthanum concentration was measured by a colorimetric method employing eriochrome cyanine RC. Under these conditions, lanthanum was not excluded from the column by a packing with an exclusion limit of 1800 daltons. Ultrafiltration through a membrane with a filter limit of 500 daltons allowed approximately 75% of the lanthanum to pass. Conductivity measurements showed a decrease of charge of about 20% on adding sodium hydroxide to a solution of lanthanum nitrate up to a pH of 7.7. It is concluded that approximately 80% of the lanthanum exists as a charged particle of less than 500 daltons at pH 7.7; the other 20% consists of larger, possibly colloidal particles. Nonfiltered and ultrafiltered lanthanum have equally good staining and tracer properties in the electron microscope, suggesting that staining depends largely on the ultrafiltrable noncolloidal lanthanum ion.

Personality correlates of helping behavior.

Abstract: 571 male members of volunteer groups and 699 nonvolunteers scored significantly differently on Cattell's 16 PF scale, volunteers being extroverted (out-going, happy-go-lucky, venturesome, and tende...

Interpersonal Attraction and Help Volunteering as a Function of Physical Attractiveness

Abstract: Summary The effects of physical attractiveness on both interpersonal attraction and help-volunteering behavior were measured. First, 20 male and 20 female undergraduates viewed two male stimulus persons in a short videotape debate and rated them on a semantic differential scale. The “debaters” were discrepant both in physical attractiveness and behavior, adopting either a “nice” or “obnoxious” demeanor. In the second phase E asked subjects to help one of two female stimulus persons who were also discrepant in physical attractiveness. In both phases subjects were affected significantly by the physical attractiveness of the stimulus persons regardless of the sex of the subjects. The more attractive male was rated higher on favorable traits, and the more attractive female stimulus person more readily drew volunteers; in neither phase was there a significant sex of S × sex of stimulus person interaction. Added strength is given to this finding by virtue of a behavioral measure.

Gastric cystic polyposis.

Abstract: Cys t i c p o l y p s of t h e co lon , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e r e c t o s i g m o i d , h a v e b e e n d e s c r i b e d in t h e p a s t a n d a re we l l r e c o g n i z e d a l t h o u g h p o o r l y u n d e r s tood (1). S u c h p o l y p o i d cysts h a v e b e e n r e p o r t ed m u c h less f r e q u e n t l y in t h e m o r e p r o x i m a l p o r t i o n s of t he g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l t rac t . W e r e p o r t h e r e t he c l in ica l a n d p a t h o l o g i c a l f e a t u r e s of a p a t i e n t w i t h gas t r i c cyst ic p o l y p o s i s seen a n d t r e a t e d by us.

Effects of Therapeutic Ultrasound on Bone Marrow in Dogs

Abstract: With a thermocouple in the medullary cavity of one dog's femur, the increases in bone marrow temperature were demonstrated at five different intensities of ultrasound. The right distal femurs of six dogs were treated ten times, three dogs at 1.5 w/cm2 and three dogs at 2.5 w/cm2 each for five minutes. At a later date, two of these dogs received an additional ten minutes of ultrasound at 2.5 w/cm2 for ten treatments. Histological and hematological studies gave presumptive evidence of bone marrow damage and regeneration. A marked increase in oil was also seen in the bone marrow smears.

A simple specific assay for estriol in maternal urine.

Abstract: In medical centers with many high risk pregnancies, the ability to perform a large number of urinary estriol measurements is required. The analytical procedure should provide simplicity, specificity, and economy. A solid phase radioimmunoassay is presented which utilizes antibody generated against an estriol 16-glucuronide-bovine serum albumin conjugate. The assay allows analysis of the principal component of maternal urinary estriol without hydrolysis or purification, with adequate specificity and the capacity for processing large numbers of samples.

Dural sinus occlusion in leukemia.

Abstract: The case of a 7-year-old child with acute lymphocytic leukemia who, while in relapse, developed a superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is documented by angiography and post-mortem examination Review of the literature suggests that cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis which usually accompanies the arachnoid infiltration of central nervous system (CNS) leukemia may be absent in some patients as in this case In the absence of CSF pleocytosis, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis may mimic the other signs and symptoms of CNS leukemia and consequently may be a more frequent complication of acute leukemia than is presently appreciated Therapy directed to the CSF axis generally would not under these circumstances be appropriate

Integration of hypnotic and systematic desensitization techniques in the treatment of phobias: a case report.

Abstract: This case study investigated the possibility of combining Erickson's hypnotic “pseudo-orientation” technique with systematic desnsitization. A 49 year old female with a long-term phobic reaction to clorine bleach was seen for a total of nine hours, which included assessment, relaxation training, desensitization, hypnosis, and in vivo test sessions. The pseudo-time orientation procedure was designed so the patient could experience during hypnosis the successful completion of future treatments. Response to treatment and a post-discharge questionnaire indicated that hypnosis contributed to the relatively short treatment time needed for the patient to actively overcome her fears. If replicated, the technique would provide a means of shortening treatment, and would challenge traditional notions of extinction.

Invasion of males' personal space by feminists and non-feminists

Abstract: This research investigated the relationship between attitudes toward the feminine role and personal space in 72 college women (19.5 yr.). Subjects were classified as either feminists or traditionals according to their measured attitudes. Traditional women did not differ from feminists in their approach behavior to other females but remained a greater distance from males than did the feminists. Feminists saw themselves as more aggressive and more potent than the traditionals rated themselves.

Significance of nucleic acid hybridization to systematics of antinomycetes.

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the systematic of actinomycetes, along with the significance of nucleic acid hybridization to it. Systematics progresses through three stages: the description of cultures leading to bases for distinguishing between strains; the development of keys, classification schemes, and a system of nomenclature; and an assessment of evolutionary relationships. Genetic homologies can be determined by use of the various mechanisms for genetic exchange: transduction, transformation, or syncytic recombination. The genetic potential of an organism is encoded in the linear sequence of the nucleotides in its DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). These nucleotide sequences determine the sequences of amino acids in structural or enzymic proteins which directly or indirectly constitute the phenotype of the cell. Because the DNA molecule can be manipulated, approaches to microbial classification other than traditional determinative systematic can be developed. The relationships among selected actinomycetes, with special emphases on streptomycetes, nocardiae, and mycobacteria, have been determined, based upon the nucleotide composition of their DNA.