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McGill University1, WWF-India2, University of Basel3, WWF-Canada4, The Nature Conservancy5, University of Nevada, Reno6, Delft University of Technology7, Konstanz University of Applied Sciences8, King's College London9, Umeå University10, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences11, University of Washington12, Harvard University13, University of Wisconsin-Madison14, Conservation International15, Michigan Technological University16, Stanford University17, Free University of Berlin18, Leibniz Association19, University of Tübingen20
TL;DR: A comprehensive assessment of the world’s rivers and their connectivity shows that only 37 per cent of rivers longer than 1,000 kilometres remain free-flowing over their entire length.
Abstract: Free-flowing rivers (FFRs) support diverse, complex and dynamic ecosystems globally, providing important societal and economic services. Infrastructure development threatens the ecosystem processes, biodiversity and services that these rivers support. Here we assess the connectivity status of 12 million kilometres of rivers globally and identify those that remain free-flowing in their entire length. Only 37 per cent of rivers longer than 1,000 kilometres remain free-flowing over their entire length and 23 per cent flow uninterrupted to the ocean. Very long FFRs are largely restricted to remote regions of the Arctic and of the Amazon and Congo basins. In densely populated areas only few very long rivers remain free-flowing, such as the Irrawaddy and Salween. Dams and reservoirs and their up- and downstream propagation of fragmentation and flow regulation are the leading contributors to the loss of river connectivity. By applying a new method to quantify riverine connectivity and map FFRs, we provide a foundation for concerted global and national strategies to maintain or restore them. A comprehensive assessment of the world’s rivers and their connectivity shows that only 37 per cent of rivers longer than 1,000 kilometres remain free-flowing over their entire length.
1,071 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a spatial model incorporating ground-based biodiversity attributes of the landscape elements, landuse change patterns, disturbance regimes of the landscapes and terrain complexity have been used to delineate the spatial pattern of biological richness.
181 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid approach to climate-adaptive conservation landscape planning for snow leopards in the Himalayan Mountains was developed. But, the authors did not consider the impact of climate change on the distribution of snow leopard habitat and linkages.
150 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors show correction methods for an artifact found to affect the instrument accuracy in environments characterized by high black carbon concentrations, which is caused by erroneous dark counts in the photodetector measuring the transmitted light, in combination with an instrument internal averaging procedure of the raw signals.
Abstract: . The Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) is a widely-used instrument for aerosol black carbon (BC) measurements. In this paper, we show correction methods for an artifact found to affect the instrument accuracy in environments characterized by high black carbon concentrations. The artifact occurs after a filter spot change – as BC mass is accumulated on a fresh filter spot, the attenuation of the light (raw signal) is weaker than anticipated. This causes a sudden decrease, followed by a gradual increase in measured BC concentration. The artifact is present in the data when the BC concentration exceeds ~3 μg m−3 at the typical MAAP flow rate of 16.7 L min−1 or 1 m3 h−1. The artifact is caused by erroneous dark counts in the photodetector measuring the transmitted light, in combination with an instrument internal averaging procedure of the photodetector raw signals. It was found that, in addition to the erroneous temporal response of the data, concentrations higher than 9 μg m−3 (at the flow rate of 16.7 L min−1) are underestimated by the MAAP. The underestimation increases with increasing BC accumulation rate. At a flow rate of 16.7 L min−1 and concentration of about 24 μg m−3 (BC accumulation rate ~0.4 μg min−1), the underestimation is about 30%. There are two ways of overcoming the MAAP artifact. One method is by logging the raw signal of the 165° photomultiplier measuring the reflected light from the filter spot. As this signal is not affected by the artifact, it can be converted to approximately correct absorption and BC values. However, as the typical print formats of the MAAP do not give the reflected signal as an output, a semi-empirical correction method was developed based on laboratory experiments to correct for the results in the post-processing phase. The correction function was applied to three MAAP datasets from Gual Pahari (India), Beijing (China), and Welgegund (South Africa). In Beijing, the results could also be compared against a photoacoustic spectrometer (PAS). The correction improved the quality of all three MAAP datasets substantially, even though the individual instruments operated at different flow rates and in different environments.
84 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the change in total carbon in two different scenarios using Markov chain and InVEST model for the years 2000, 2018 and predicted for 2035 and found that 1.351 Tg carbon has already been lost from 2000 to 2018 in the forest area of Sariska Tiger Reserve and another 0.107 Tg of carbon is expected to be lost in the predicted future.
82 citations
Authors
Showing all 123 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Mehebub Sahana | 20 | 66 | 1378 |
Bushra Khan | 20 | 87 | 1345 |
T. S. Panwar | 13 | 17 | 982 |
Debal Deb | 12 | 31 | 2062 |
Sandeep Behera | 10 | 32 | 254 |
Nitin Sekar | 8 | 15 | 198 |
Shirish A. Ravan | 8 | 10 | 519 |
G. Areendran | 8 | 23 | 313 |
Pijush Dutta | 8 | 28 | 342 |
Jimmy Borah | 7 | 16 | 199 |
Aishwarya Maheshwari | 7 | 20 | 219 |
Parikshit Gautam | 7 | 9 | 122 |
Pankaj Chandan | 7 | 16 | 157 |
Krishna Raj | 7 | 18 | 172 |
Dipankar Ghose | 6 | 11 | 102 |