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Showing papers in "Acta Mechanica in 1968"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the extended kantorovich method to analyze a clamped rectangular plate subjected to a uniform lateral load and found that the generated one term solution approximates very closely, throughout the plate region, not only the deflections but also the bending moments and shearing forces.
Abstract: The extendedKantorovich method discussed recently, byA. D. Kerr, is used to analyze a clamped rectangular plate subjected to a uniform lateral load. It was found that the generated one term solution approximates very closely, throughout the plate region, not only the deflections but also the bending moments and shearing forces. It is shown that the final form of the solution is independent of the initial choice, and that the convergence of the iterative procedure is very rapid. Because of the lack of a closed form exact solution in the technical literature, the coefficients occurring in the obtained solution were evaluated for various plate side ratios and are presented in graphs in order to simplify the utilization of the obtained results in engineering practice.

71 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors generalize the concept of kinematic hardening for the case when the stress-strain law is nonlinear, and show that although a yield condition of the form with κ constant or variable cannot represent non-linear KH, at least one yield condition, where κ is a constant, represents such hardening.
Abstract: Traditionally, the kinematic hardening assumption is used in conjunction with an assumption that the stress-strain curve for simple tension can be approximated by a bilinear curve. This paper generalizes the concept of kinematic hardening for the case when the stress-strain law is nonlinear. It is shown that although a yield condition of the form with κ constant or variable cannot represent non-linear kinematic hardening, at least one yield condition of the form where , represents such hardening.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of repeated loading on the microstrain region is explored and it is shown that the micro-strain regions decreases in size with each cycle but that it does not necessarily become zero even after several cycles.
Abstract: In a previous paper [1] we introduced the concept of a loading surface which is distinct from and encloses the yield surface. The region between the two surfaces may be called the microstrain region. In this paper experiments with pure aluminium are presented in which the influence of repeated loading on the microstrain region is explored. It is seen that the microstrain region decreases in size with each cycle but that it does not necessarily become zero even after several cycles. It is also shown that the yield surface does not enclose the origin even at small values of plastic strain. At the end of the paper it is shown that considerable care should be exercised in the determination of the yield surface since in some cases its position and shape can be influenced to a considerable extent by the unavoidable penetration inside the plastic region while probing for it.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A method, based on the Fourier-transform technique, is presented in order to solve the problem concerning the response of the plates to a moving multimasses system, and shows that for the same natural frequency of the plate, the resonance is reached prior by considering theMoving multi-masses system than by moving multi-force system.
Abstract: A method, based on theFourier-transform technique, is presented in order to solve the problem concerning the response of the plates to a moving multimasses system. This problem was of interest in the theory for many years; however, it is of a fundamental importance for a working engineer in the field. The method presented in this paper is general, so that the response of the plates to the moving multi-forces system, appears as a special case of this study. The convergence of the solution has been examined and the numerical results for the first and second approximations, of the special case, have been calculated and plotted. The analysis shows that for the same natural frequency of the plate, the resonance is reached prior by considering the moving multi-masses system than by moving multi-force system; i.e., the natural frequency of the moving multi-masses system is lower than that of the moving multi-forces system. This conclusion is of a vital importance, since the response of the moving force as an approximation for the response of the moving mass can be not only dangerous but also tragic.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a kurze Einfuhrung in die Stromungsmechanik strahlender Gase is discussed, in which linearisierte Gleichungen werden aufgestellt und auf einfache Beispiele stationarer and instationarer Gasstromungen angewendet.
Abstract: Der folgende Artikel gibt eine kurze Einfuhrung in die Stromungsmechanik strahlender Gase. Nach der Definition der wichtigsten Begriffe werden die Grundgleichungen der Strahlungsgasdynamik formuliert. Linearisierte Gleichungen werden aufgestellt und auf einfache Beispiele stationarer und instationarer Gasstromungen angewendet. Der Einflus der Strahlung auf die Stromungen wird diskutiert.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Müller et al. present an asymptotische Verhalten der Geschwindigkeit von Müller and Matschat, e.g., der Stoswellenabstand is a Funktion des schallnahen ahnlichkeitsparameters.
Abstract: Betrachtet wird zuerst die schallnahe Uberschallstromung um ein spitzes, schlankes Profil. Der durch die Profillange dimensionslos gemachte Stoswellenabstand ist eine Funktion des schallnahen ahnlichkeitsparameters. Diese Abhangigkeit kann fur alle Profile bei hinreichend grosem Kopfwellenabstand durch eine universelle Funktion dargestellt werden. Hierzu mus man einerseits die Einfrierungseigenschaft der schallnahen Stromfelder und andrerseits hinter der Kopfwelle das allgemeine Gesetz fur das asymptotische Verhalten der Geschwindigkeit vonMuller undMatschat benutzen. Wendet man dann noch diePrantlsche Relation auf den Stos an, so erhalt man eine Aussage uber den Stoswellenabstand. Ein ahnlicher Schlus wird auch fur achsensymmetrische Stromungen durchgefuhrt.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the coupled heat equation is used to calculate the transient and steady-state temperature distributions in two situations: (1) simple-shear of an infinite slab, and (2) torsional oscillations of a circular rod.
Abstract: When a viscoelastic solid is deformed, mechanical energy is necessarily dissipated in the form of heat. The present paper is concerned with the effect of this dissipation on the temperature field in the solid. The coupled heat equation is used to calculate the transient and steady-state temperature distributions in two situations: (1) simple-shear of an infinite slab, and (2) torsional oscillations of a circular rod.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
H. Lang1
TL;DR: In this article, a Variations-prinzip for the Boltzmann-Gleichung der kinetischen Gastheorie is presented, in which momentengleichings and geeignete Randbedingungen are abgeleitet.
Abstract: Nach der Methode vonRoussopoulos wird ein Variations-prinzip fur die linearisierte, stationareBoltzmann-Gleichung der kinetischen Gastheorie angegeben. Aus dem Prinzip werden die Momentengleichungen und geeignete Randbedingungen abgeleitet. Mit Hilfe der Momentengleichungen und den angegebenen Randbedingungen wird der Gleitkoeffizient fur das Krook-Modell und dasMaxwell-Gas berechnet.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the relativistic kinematics of the motion of a continuum is studied by establishing certain invariant derivatives of measures of deformation, and Rigid body motion of the continuum in the Born sense is discussed.
Abstract: In this paper the relativistic kinematics of the motion of a continuum is studied by establishing certain invariant derivatives of measures of deformation. Rigid body motion of the continuum in theBorn sense is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors generalized the Reissner's variational principle to include elastodynamic problems and showed that it can be generalized in a symmetric manner to include these problems.
Abstract: There are two variational principles in elastostatics:Green's principle andCastigliano's principle. These are special cases ofReissner's variational principle.Green's principle andCastigliano's principle have been generalized in a symmetric manner to include elastodynamic problems. In the present paper,Reissner's principle is generalised to include these problems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an ebener Eigenspannungszustand untersucht, der sich in einem unendlich langen Kreiszylinder isotropen linear-elastischen aber diskontinuierlich inhomogenen Materials ausbildet, wenn letzteres einer ebenen unstetigen Temperaturverteilung unterworfen wird.
Abstract: Es wird ein ebener Eigenspannungszustand untersucht, der sich in einem unendlich langen Kreiszylinder isotropen linear-elastischen aber diskontinuierlich inhomogenen Materials ausbildet, wenn letzteres einer ebenen unstetigen Temperaturverteilung unterworfen wird. Bei Verwendung der komplexen Analysis und unter Vermeidung von Reihenentwicklungen kann eine Naherungslosung dieses inhomogenen Temperaturspannungsproblems konstruiert werden, die die Randbedingungen exakt erfullt. Die Ubergangsbedingungen werden bis auf diejenige fur diey-Komponente des Verschiebungsvektors fur jeden Punkt der Diskontinuitatsflache exakt erfullt.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Wedemeyer et al. studied the nonstationary transient flow of a viscous liquid in a suddenly rotating open pot, taking the influence of the bottom into account, by utilizing ideas developed by E. H. Wedemyer for a cylinder with bottom and cover.
Abstract: Die Berechnung der instationaren Anlaufstromung einer zahen Flussigkeit in einem plotzlich in Rotationsbewegung versetzten oben offenen Topf erfolgt unter Berucksichtigung des Bodeneinflusses durch die Ubertragung eines vonE. H. Wedemeyer fur Zylinder mit einem Boden und mit einem Deckel entwickelten Naherungsansatzes. Die Losung der vollstandigen resultierenden nicht-linearen parabolischen Differentialgleichung geschieht mittels eines einfachen Differenzenverfahrens. Zu Vergleichszwecken wird als Grenzfall die analytische Losung fur reine Zylindersymmetrie ohne Sekundarbewegung skizziert. Experimentelle Untersuchungen sind an Topfen bei unterschiedlichen Ausenradien und Flussigkeitshohen und bei unterschiedlichen Drehgeschwindigkeiten mit wasserartigen Flussigkeiten vorgenommen worden. Die ermittelten Geschwindigkeitsprofile zu verschiedenen Zeiten stimmen mit den theoretischen Resultaten gut uberein. Die Anlaufzeiten biszum Erreichen des stationaren Endzustandes ergeben sich als Funktionen der Flussigkeitshohe und derReynoldsschen Zahl. The nonstationary transient flow of a viscous liquid in a suddenly rotating open pot is determined, taking the influence of the bottom into account, by utilizing ideas developed byE. H. Wedemeyer for a cylinder with bottom and cover. The complete resulting nonlinear parabolic differential equation is solved using a simple finite difference method. For comparison, the analytic solution for pure cylindrical symmetry without secondary motion is sketched as a limiting case. Experiments have been conducted with waterlike liquids in pots with varying diameters, liquid height, and angular velocities. The velocity profiles at different times are in good agreement with theoretical results. The time necessary to reach stationary flow turns out to be a function of the height of the liquid, and of theReynolds number.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an elementary linearized solution to the nonlinear potential equation with matched asymptotic expansions was proposed and used to derive an elementary second-order slender body theory.
Abstract: Supersonic flow past slowly oscillating pointed bodies of revolution is studied. Starting from the complete nonlinear potential equation an elementary linearized solution is discussed and it is shown how this solution together with the method of matched asymptotic expansions can be used to derive an elementary second-order slender body theory. This approach is further demonstrated for the oscillating cone and its range of validity is evaluated by comparison with other theoretical methods.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the plane or axisymmetric flow of a viscous and heat conducting fluid far away from a body moving at sonic speed is considered, and a description of the shock wave structure is obtained, being an extension of the previously known nondissipative Guderley-Frankl solutions.
Abstract: The plane or axisymmetric flow of a viscous and heat conducting fluid far away from a body moving at sonic speed, is considered. The parameter characterizing the dissipative phenomena is assumed very small (highReynolds number), and in order to determine approximatively the flow the method of matched asymptotic expansions with respect to this parameter is applied. As a result, a description of the shock wave structure is obtained, being an extension of the previously known nondissipativeGuderley-Frankl solutions. Some restrictions concerning the region of validity of the obtained results are deduced from analysing the basic assumptions underlying the method of approximation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Schlieslich et al. as mentioned in this paper find dynamische Kompatibilitatsbedingungen angegeben: a) fur das Auftreffen einer senkrechten Stoswelle auf eine materielle Trennflache, b) fur die Uberlagerung zweier gegenlaufiger Stoswellen.
Abstract: Fur zwei Falle der Wechselwirkung senkrechter Unstetigkeitsflachen werden dynamische Kompatibilitatsbedingungen angegeben: a) fur das Auftreffen einer senkrechten Stoswelle auf eine materielle Trennflache, b) fur die Uberlagerung zweier gegenlaufiger senkrechter Stoswellen. In beiden Fallen wird die Spezialisierung fur die Reflexion an einem freien bzw. einem festen Ende diskutiert. Schlieslich wird durch direkte Anwendung der allgemeinen Bilanzgleichung auf den Fall a) eine weitere Kompatibilitatsbedingung hergeleitet.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two invariance restrictions are imposed on the functional whose values are spatial strain tensors, that is, associated with the deformed configuration: a time shift and rigid transformation of the deformation configuration leave the spatial deformation tensor unaltered relative to it; and the second requirement is that if particles of distinct continua undergo the same deformation, the corresponding tensors should be the same.
Abstract: Summary. Each particle of a continuum is assigned a second order tensor which is taken as a measure of the deformation of some neighborhood of the particle, and which is determined by a functional depending on the configurations of that neighborhood. Two invariance restrictions are imposed on the functional whose values are spatial strain tensors, that is, associated with the deformed configuration. The first requirement is that a time shift and rigid transformation of the deformed configuration leave the spatial deformation tensor unaltered relative to it. The second requires that if particles of distinct continua undergo the same deformation, the corresponding deformation tensors should be the same. For the special case in which the functional depends on the deformation in the smallest neighborhood of a particle, the restrictions imply that the deformation tensors associated with the deformed and reference configurations arc isotropic functions of the ]eft and right CAITClVZGREEN tensors, respectively. Zusammenfassung. Jedem Teilchen eines Kontinuums wird ein Tensor zwciter Stufe als Mal3 fiir die Deformation einer gewissen Nachbarschaft dieses Teilchen zugeordnet, der durch ein Funktional bestimmt wird, das yon der I~onfiguration dieser Nachbarschaft abh~Lng~. Zwei Invarianzbcdingu ngen werden diesem Funktional, dessen Werte raumliche Verzerrungstenso ren darstellen, auferlegt, und zwar im Hinblick auf die deformierte Konfiguration. Die erste Forderung besagt, dal3 eine Zeitverschiebung und eine starre Transformation der deformierten ]~onfiguration den rgumlichen Verzerrungstenso r im Hinblick auf diese unge~ndert lassen. Die zweite Einschr~nkung besag% dal3 entsprechende Deformationstens oren von Partikcln verschiedener Kontinua, die dieselbe Verformung erlitten haben, gleich scin sollen. Im Spezialfall, dal3 die Funktionale nur yon der Deformation in der n~ichsten Umgebung des Partikels abh~Lngen, beinhalten die Einschrgnkungcn die Aussage, daf3 die mit dem deformierten ned dem undcformierten Zustand verkniipften Deformationstensoren nur isotrope Funktionen des linken und des rechten CAIse~u GREEN Tensors sein k6nnen.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In ebenen Couette-Stromungen nichtlinear viskoser Flussigkeiten konnen zeitlich periodische Storstromungen auftreten as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Es wird die Stabilitat einerCouette-Stromung zwischen zwei horizontalen, ebenen Platten untersucht. Die Flussigkeit zwischen den Platten besitzt bestimmte nichtlinear viskose Eigenschaften, und es besteht auserdem eine Temperaturdifferenz zwischen den beiden Platten. Linearisierte Stabilitatsrechnungen fuhren bei einer solchen Anordnung zu folgenden Ergebnissen: a) In ebenenCouette-Stromungen nichtlinear viskoser Flussigkeiten konnen zeitlich periodische Storstromungen auftreten. b) Die thermische Instabilitat setzt in derartigen Flussigkeiten unter Schereinflus fruher ein. c) Von einer bestimmtenReynoldsschen Zahl ab beginnt eine zweite Instabilitat, die sogenannte Scherinstabilitat. Sie kann durch positive Temperaturgradienten praktisch nicht beeinflust werden. Im Gegensatz dazu konnen die kritischenReynoldsschen Zahlen durch geeignete Wahl negativer Temperaturgradienten auf beliebig kleine positive Werte abgesenkt werden.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Asymptotic constitutive approximations for the rapid finite deformation of general viscoelastic materials are developed in this paper for isotropic solids and fluids.
Abstract: Asymptotic constitutive approximations for the rapid finite deformation of general viscoelastic materials are developed The zero-order approximation is an elastic-type constitutive equation, although different from the elastic equation for the slow-deformation approximation The higher-order terms are multiple integrals of the departure of the deformation history from the step-function history The approximations are shown to be form-invariant to change of deformation measure The approximations are specialized to isotropic solids and to fluids As observed byMetzner, White andDenn [3] andPipkin [4], fluids undergoing rapid deformations exhibit a solid-like behavior

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a flow equation based on an isothermal stream and including the interaction between inertial and viscous effects is derived and analyzed for an externally pressurized gas bearing.
Abstract: Flow equations basing on an isothermal stream and including the interaction between inertial and viscous effects are derived and analysed for an externally pressurized gas bearing. Numerical solutions are obtained. A method is developed to determine the velocity profile. Results show that pressure depressions near the entrance are inherent. Back flows occur in some instances. Other parameters such as the mass flow rate, fluid force, etc. are given in terms of theReynolds number and theMach number. Comparisons are made with results obtained for flows based on other assumptions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the plane radial flow of an incompressible elastic-perfectly plastic solid through a converging channel with perfectly rough sides is considered, and it is shown that the stress field is the same as for the corresponding flow of a rigid perfectly plastic material with the same yield stress but the velocity field is significantly different near the sides.
Abstract: The plane radial flow of an incompressible elastic-perfectly plastic solid through a converging channel with perfectly rough sides is considered. It is shown that the stress field is the same as for the corresponding flow of a rigid-perfectly plastic solid with the same yield stress but the velocity field is significantly different near the sides.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the transverse vibration of beams with exponentially varying properties is solved in terms of Bessel functions for a sequence of special cases of property variations, and the solution is expressed in the terms of the Bessel function.
Abstract: The equation governing the transverse vibration of beams with exponentially varying properties is solved. The solution is expressed in terms ofBessel functions for a sequence of special cases of property variations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, experimental results are reported on the strain response of 1100 aluminium at 300° F to time dependent uniaxial stress. And the integral representation of the observed dependance of strain on the stress history is discussed.
Abstract: In the first part of the paper, experimental results are reported on the strain response of 1100 aluminium at 300° F to time dependent uniaxial stress. The second part of the paper is concerned with the integral representation of the observed dependance of strain on the stress history.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, four classes of simple time-dependent deformations are examined for general incompressible viscoelastic solids and for incompressibly rate independent materials with memory.
Abstract: Four classes of simple time-dependent deformations are examined for general incompressible viscoelastic solids and for incompressible rate independent materials with memory. These are: (i) rectilinear shear, (ii) simple torsion of a right-circular cylinder, (iii) helical shear of a cylindrical annulus contained between rigid coaxial cylinders, (iv) simple torsion of material contained between two rigid coaxial cones with common vertex. In each case the deformation of an element of material may be regarded as a superposition of a rigid rotation and a time-dependent simple shear with constant direction of shear and plane of shear. For the viscoelastic solids the state of stress in each class of deformations is shown to be determined to within an arbitrary hydrostatic pressure by the same three material functionals of a single argument function, the history of the amount of shear. For rate independent materials these three functionals become ordinary functions of the amount of shear at the instant under consideration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ausgehend von der Stromfadentheorie fur ein durchstromtes Rohr wird ein Druckgesetz angegeben, welches angewandt auf die umstromte Membranplatte, einem nichtkonservativen System, zu einer kritischen Stromungsgeschwindigkeit fur das Flattern der Membrans fuhrt.
Abstract: Ausgehend von der Stromfadentheorie fur ein durchstromtes Rohr wird ein Druckgesetz angegeben, welches angewandt auf die umstromte Membranplatte, einem nichtkonservativen System, zu einer kritischen Stromungsgeschwindigkeit fur das Flattern der Membran fuhrt. Die Stabilitatsuntersuchung zeigt, das die Dampfung destabilisierend wirkt, und im Stabilitatskriterium tritt eine Unstetigkeit bezuglich der Dampfungsziffer, ein fur nichtkonservative Systeme charakteristisches Merkmal, auf. Nach der vorliegend erlauterten Theorie last sich das Flattern der Windfahnen und Segel und der dabei auftretenden wandernden Transversalwellen erklaren.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the stress problem of a thin cylindrical shell supported by an elastic core of a different material and subjected to arbitrary loading on its curved surface, and solved the problem by applying the three-dimensional theory of elasticity to the core and using membrane or bending solutions for the shell.
Abstract: The stress problem of a thin cylindrical shell supported by an elastic core of a different material and subjected to arbitrary loading on its curved surface is considered. The problem is solved by applying the three-dimensional theory of elasticity to the core and using membrane or bending solutions for the shell. Equilibrium and compatibility equations are satisfied at the junction of the shell and the core. It is pointed out that the procedure can easily be extended to the case of a hollow core with or without another shell of another material in it. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of even a weak core in reducing the shell stresses.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an Unterschallheizfront in einer Uberschallstromung ubt ahnlich wie ein Keil eine Verdrangungswirkung auf die Stromung aus.
Abstract: Eine Unterschallheizfront in einer Uberschallstromung ubt ahnlich wie ein Keil eine Verdrangungswirkung auf die Stromung aus. Die Losung fur das Stromungsfeld zwischen einem vorgelagerten Verdichtungsstos und der Unterschallheizfront wird durch die Vorwartswirkung der Heizfront erschwert. Fur diesen Fall wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein graphisches Verfahren entwickelt, das einen klaren Uberblick uber alle Losungsmoglichkeiten des Problems liefern kann.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a partielle Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung vom hyperbolischen Typ hergeleitet is presented, in order to quantify the effect of flatterschwingung on the Einflus aller physikalisch wichtigen Parameter (e.g., Eigengeschwindigkeit of Tuchelementes).
Abstract: Zur Berechnung von Flatterschwingungen einseitig befestigter, biegeschlaffer Segel in Uberschallstromungen wird eine partielle Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung vom hyperbolischen Typ hergeleitet. Die das Segel antreibenden Stromungskrafte ergeben sich in quasistationarer Form aus der Theorie der stationaren Umstromung schlanker, schwach angestellter Profile bei zusatzlicher Berucksichtigung der Eigengeschwindigkeit des Tuchelementes. Die fur das Zustandekommen einer Schwingung notwendige Spannung langs des Segels erhalt man naherungsweise durch Integration der Wandschubspannung nach der Theorie der stationaren, ebenen Platten-grenzschicht. Die Losung der Differentialgleichung erfolgt mittels eines Separationsansatzes, der auf Winkelfunktionen fur die Zeitabhangigkeit und aufBessel-Funktionen fur die Ortsabhangigkeit fuhrt. Anhand von Modellrechnungen wird der allgemeine Verlauf des Schwingungsvorganges und der Einflus aller physikalisch wichtigen Parameter diskutiert. Die Bewegung ahnelt dem gewohnten Flattern einer Flagge im Wind mit dominierenden Amplituden am Segelende und mit zeitweilig sehr schnellen, peitschenartigen Schlagen.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the imaginary μ-zeros of two such combinations of cross-products of two identical doubly connected domains, however with two different boundary conditions on one boundary, are asymptotically computed and graphically displayed.
Abstract: In the problem of diffraction of elastic waves in annular circular, or cylindrical (doubly connected) domains, the zeros of complicated combinations of cross-products of cylinder functions as analytic functions of the index γ=n+i μ (in general complex) are required. In this note, the imaginary μ-zeros of two such combinations of cross-products of two identical doubly connected domains, however with two different boundary conditions on one boundary, are asymptotically computed and graphically displayed. It is shown that even for such a comparison of different boundary conditions, one can obtain with a minimum effort in mathematics asymptotic distributions and the relative dispositions of the respective μ-zeros. It is then rather simple to determine with a computer the exact positions of the μ-zeros.