Showing papers in "Addictive Behaviors in 1988"

TL;DR: Comparisons of the total substance abuse population with a national sample of similarly aged males indicated that only the alcohol group smoked more cigarettes per day, but that all substance abuse groups smoked higher nicotine delivery cigarettes than the national sample.

TL;DR: There were significant and consistent relationships between current level of substance use and intention of use for all ethnic groups, however, these measures of association varied considerably among ethnic groups.

TL;DR: The overall chemical verified success rate was significantly higher for the treatment group compared with the control group and the subgroup of self-reported chronic bronchitis subjects had a significantly lower success rate than their healthy counterparts.

TL;DR: Depressed, high-hunger subjects were more likely to eat than subjects in other conditions and, in on of two analyses of amount of candy consumed, were found to eat the most candy as well.

TL;DR: The results were interpreted as replicating and extending previous studies of relapse among alcoholics by showing the importance of spouse and other family members in subjects' attributions of relapse and their termination.

TL;DR: In this article, a study of 113 young multiple drug users, interviewed at one year follow-up, was designed to assess the validity of self-reported cannabis use and indicate that valid self-reports of drug consumption can be obtained from multipledrug users in treatment.

TL;DR: Firm advice to stop smoking followed by medically supervised exercise training with frequent followup reduces self-reported cigarette consumption in patients after AMI.

TL;DR: Ex-smokers who had maintained abstinence for at least 3 months prior to intake were followed for a period of 1 year to ascertain individual characteristics from cognitive, behavioral, environmental, and health domains that were predictive of later relapse.

TL;DR: Background regarding the interrelationship of alcohol and drug abuse is explored, and the relationship of smoking with other substance use is considered, followed by a review of special concerns related to smoking among alcohol anddrug abuse clients.

TL;DR: There is a relationship between eating patterns and body weight, and that there may be several types of problem behavior patterns, which suggest treatment programs should combined assessment of behavioral competency in energy balance situations with intensive skill training in areas where situation specific competency deficits are found.

TL;DR: Self-efficacy, motivation, reasons for smoking, and smoking history variables predicted abstinance up to and including one year following treatment and the importance of self- efficacy beliefs in quitting smoking was underscored.

TL;DR: Group differences were shown for subjective levels of tension-anxiety, those who exercised showed increased tension anxiety levels compared to subjects in the no activity groups.

TL;DR: Smokers, compared to nonsmokers, had lower social skills scores, a higher percentage of them had mothers and friends who smoke, and they achieved lower grades overall than nonsmoker.

TL;DR: Contracting had a favorable, though transient, effect primarily on non-cocaine-abusing methadone patients, and drug- related contracts not involving cocaine were more successful than those targeting cocaine, and non-drug-related contracts were more success than drug-related ones.

TL;DR: Results showed that change in pre- and post-cigarette nicotine levels and metabolic half-life for nicotine were not related to within-cigarette topography measures or nicotine yield of cigarette, but were significantly related to intercigarette interval.

TL;DR: The children exposed to methadone in utero scored in the more pathological direction than those exposed to heroin so as to raise questions directed toward the societal and ethical implications of methamphetamineadone treatment.

TL;DR: The validity of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire as a measure of physiological tolerance to nicotine is tested and it is hypothesized the questionnaire measures behavioral dependence or perceived dependence rather than physical dependence.

TL;DR: The results indicated that for both samples, measures of social anxiety and concern over the evaluation of other people were related to the beliefs that alcohol was a globally positive transforming agent and that alcohol increased social assertiveness.

TL;DR: It was concluded that work-related stressful events, as well as the use of problem-focused coping responses when tempted to smoke, play important roles in determining smoking behavior during the immediate postcessation period.

TL;DR: The substance abuse groups were found to be more irrational than the comparison group and were moodier and more socially alienated, while the normative comparison group appeared confident, sociable, and optimistic.

TL;DR: Binge drinking occurs more frequently among women who may have relatively restrictive eating behaviors and higher levels of interpersonal stress, and the findings suggest that alcohol prevention and treatment programs should address sociodemographic and health lifestyle factors that initially predispose an individual to engage in health-risk behaviors.

TL;DR: This study evaluated the effectiveness of nicotine chewing gum in smoking cessation, when incorporated into a behaviorally oriented self-help program, and found patients who were able to quit initially were most likely to remain ex-smokers in the self- help condition.

TL;DR: Results did not support the validity of commonly-used self-report scales of smoking motives and situations and most of the hypothesized relationships failed to appear.

TL;DR: The results indicate that both bulimics and restrained eaters are dissatisfied with their bodies and have narcissistic qualities, however, bulimic show an element of psychopathology which restrained Eaters do not and restrained ateers perceive themselves as morally virtuous, whereas bulimICS do not.

TL;DR: Patients evaluated in an eating disorders clinic and found to meet DSM-III criteria for bulimia were classified as to the presence or absence of a family history of drug abuse in at least one first-degree relative.

TL;DR: The single-session hypnosis group smoked significantly less cigarettes and were significantly more abstinent than a placebo control group and a no treatment control group at posttest, and 4-week, 12- week, 24-week and 48-week follow-ups.

TL;DR: A four group randomized control study designed to investigate the reactive effects of follow-up interviews and self-monitoring procedures on the self-reported drinking patterns of treated alcoholics failed to demonstrate any such effects.

TL;DR: The current study used an unobtrusive methodology to describe the social image associated with smokeless tobacco use and with cigarette smoking in three "types" of teenage models--an athlete, a cowboy, and an average teenager.

TL;DR: Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of abstinence versus relapse, but more accurately for self-treatment than for program treatment groups, and results suggest that the enhancement of self- efficacy may be the most important task of treatment.

TL;DR: The accuracy, economy and relative ease of collection make the use of medical chart weights well suited for long-term evaluations of weight loss studies and other research purposes.