Showing papers in "Addictive Behaviors in 1991"

TL;DR: Links between social support and relapse were examined in a study of alcoholics, cigarette smokers, and opiate users completing treatment for drug use and found greater structural support predicted a lower risk of relapse.

TL;DR: The incidence of pathological gambling was high among males, Hispanics, Asians, and Italian-Americans (compared with among other whites), students with non-traffic arrests, those with parents who have gambling problems, and those who abuse alcohol and other drugs.

TL;DR: The observation that merely smelling a "preload" is sufficient to produce "counterregulation" in dieters but not in nondieters challenges the explanatory power of the widely held cognitive explanation of experimental counterregulation in preloaded dieters.

TL;DR: Results indicated that the experimental manipulations differentially influenced ratings of desire and topographical components of smoking behavior.

TL;DR: Characteristics reported at the first prenatal visit that were associated with maintenance included having achieved cessation for a longer period of time without smoking even a puff, higher self-efficacy for maintenance, stronger belief in the harmful effect of maternal smoking, primigravida, and greater frequency of nausea.

TL;DR: Smokers may experience cognitive dissonance as a result of using tobacco despite its well-publicised ill-effects, and it may be that interventions targeting rationalisations for smoking will be useful in smoking cessation.

TL;DR: The results of this study indicate the need for cue exposure programs to be based on the particular drinking history of the individual, and suggest conditioning interpretation of cue reactivity is needed.

TL;DR: Results showed that, when judges categorized subjects' open-ended responses to questions about their last relapse, temptations or urges in the presence of substance cues were accorded no importance as a reason for relapse, and these categorizations were similar to previously reported findings.

TL;DR: LISREL modeling revealed that the relation between behavioral disinhibition and drinking could be accounted for by the relation of each to sensation seeking, which is discussed as further support for the connection between specific individual differences and alcohol consumption.

TL;DR: The argument is made that the difference between friend and adolescent smoking is a more appropriate measure of peer influence than the proportion of friends who smoke, and the relative merits of the two measures are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined physiological responses and self-reported urges elicited by an imagery procedure designed to produce smoking urges, and found that subjects reported significantly stronger urges to urge scripts than to neutral scripts.

TL;DR: The results suggest that pain patients are at risk for increasing smoking behavior when they are experiencing periods of heightened pain intensity, and smokers showed significantly higher levels of emotional distress.

TL;DR: The impact of neuropsychological impairment on drink refusal skill acquisition and treatment outcome was examined in 33 male alcoholic inpatients and subjects who showed the most learning on the California Verbal Learning Test demonstrated significantly better performance on the drink refusal quiz at post-training.

TL;DR: Results indicated that restrained eating scores showed a high degree of consistency over a 2-1/2-year period (intraclass correlation = .74).

TL;DR: Men expected more global positive effects from drinking than women, suggesting the tension reduction hypothesis (TRH) is mediated by gender-specific expectancies.

TL;DR: Females, blacks, and those in the middle and lower socioeconomic status percentiles tended to have higher problem rates than their counterparts.

TL;DR: It is suggested that while male and female cocaine abusers show similarities on some measures, there are significant gender differences that may have implications for both research and treatment.

TL;DR: Although mood management training seems to be as effective as communication skills training for alcoholics with higher education, less anxiety, and less urge to drink, communication skillsTraining benefits a broader spectrum of patients, regardless of initial level of education, alcohol dependence, skill, anxiety, or beliefs.

TL;DR: Relationships among reported personality and family traits, and subtypes of eating symptoms, in a sample of 715 high-school girls were explored, finding that Symptomatic eaters consistently displayed more Mood Problems, Body Concerns, and Self-Criticism than did asymptomatic girls.

TL;DR: Results at 7-month follow-up failed to indicate treatment effects either for abstinence or for reported quit attempts, and successful participants were less likely to use a number of specific preparation strategies for quitting.

TL;DR: The relationship between childhood sexual experiences and bulimia was examined and it was indicated that bulimics reported a greater number of fear reactions following theirSexual experiences and were less likely to have told anyone about their experiences.

TL;DR: Findings support the importance of in-depth assessment when treating obesity, more intensive treatment for some subgroupings, and long-term studies that incorporate comprehensive pretreatment process measure of eating style and psychological distress.

TL;DR: Suggesting strategies that encourage autonomy and self-mastery, rather than dependence on another person, may lead to more positive outcomes.

TL;DR: Relationships among personality attributes, mood states, and eating patterns were examined in a nonclinical sample of females with bulimic symptomatology and binge eaters and found that as trait hostility and externality increased, reactivity of binges to negative mood states also increased.

TL;DR: A survey study of 429 college students supported the important predictions that restrained drinkers experience more response conflict, as evidenced by stronger impulses to drink as well as stronger inhibitions against drinking, and provided further evidence of its importance in the early identification of the development of alcohol problems.

TL;DR: Results suggest caution in interpreting the tension reduction scale scores, and that further study of the validity of the tension reduce and other AEQ scales is necessary.

TL;DR: Several onset-related variables in young girls and boys differ on their reported images of smokers, and several psychosocial characteristics predicted trying a cigarette and intentions to smoke for boys.

TL;DR: House composition, such as number of people living in the house or marital status and control over selection and preparation of foods, was associated with compliance in sodium reduction treatments and number of complaints about the diets were positively associated with noncompliance.

TL;DR: There was no evidence that one form of tobacco served as a gateway for the other among these young adult athletes, and over a fourth of all users started after age 17, suggesting that college is an appropriate locus for both ST prevention and cessation programming.

TL;DR: Examination of the relationship of varying levels of substance use and competence measures by age group revealed that deficits are not static during the span of adolescence through young adulthood.