Showing papers in "Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease in 2018"

TL;DR: A narrative review of the prevalence and incidence of diabetes-related kidney disease worldwide and the level of awareness of this disease among people who have it is presented.

TL;DR: Mechanisms of increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury in diabetes mellitus and the roles played by many kidney cell types to facilitate maladaptive responses leading to chronic and end-stage kidney disease are summarized.

TL;DR: To include the vast array of interrelated derangements and to stress the bidirectional nature of heart-kidney interactions, a new classification of the cardiorenal syndrome with 5 subtypes that reflect the pathophysiology, the time frame, and the nature of concomitant cardiac and renal dysfunction was proposed.

TL;DR: There is currently no firm recommendation for routine magnesium supplementation except when hypomagnesemia has been proven or suspected as a cause for cardiac arrhythmias, as Observational data have shown an association between low serum magnesium concentrations or magnesium intake and increased atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, arrh rhythmias, and heart failure.

TL;DR: Phase 2 clinical trials testing inhibitors of monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 chemokine C-C motif-ligand 2 and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway have produced promising results.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized, and begun to test the hypothesis, that a panel of filtration markers (panel eGFR) from a single blood draw would require fewer demographic or clinical variables and could estimate GFR as accurately as measured GFR.

TL;DR: In 2002, the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines for identifying and treating CKD recommended that clinical laboratories report estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with every creatinine result to assist clinical practitioners to identify people with early-stage CKD.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the mechanisms responsible for impaired acid excretion and urinary potassium wastage, the clinical features, and diagnostic approaches of hypokalemic DRTA, both inherited and acquired.

TL;DR: A discussion as to where magnesium is stored, handled, absorbed, and excreted is provided and approaches for the assessment of magnesium status are discussed.

TL;DR: Clinicians must be vigilant in the assessment of kidney function in order to provide optimal pharmacotherapy, and careful consideration of the risk-benefit ratio of individual drugs and dosing regimens within each patient is warranted.

TL;DR: Observational and retrospective studies have helped to understand the prevalence and burden of each of the 5 types of cardiorenal syndromes.

TL;DR: Further research is needed to evaluate the performance of estimating equations and other filtration markers in obesity, and determine whether unindexed GFR might better predict optimal drug dosing and clinical outcomes in patients whose BSA is very different than the conventional normalized value of 1.73 m2.

TL;DR: Animal studies indicate that moderate or subclinical Mg deficiency primes phagocytic cells for the release of proinflammatory cytokines leading to chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress, which suggests that Mg decreases the risk for chronic disease.

TL;DR: Suggestions that magnesium might counteract the phosphate toxicity to the kidney, as in the case of vascular calcification, are supported by an in-vitro observation that magnesium alleviates proximal tubular cell injury induced by high phosphate.

TL;DR: There is increasingly evidence supporting the use of the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation to assess the GFR in patients with cancer, including for theUse of chemotherapy prescriptions.

TL;DR: A standardized and clinically feasible approach to quantifying RFR would allow for more rigorous appraisal of its value as a biomarker and could pave the way for adoption of "renal stress tests" into clinical practice.

TL;DR: Mechanisms by which magnesium may influence blood pressure are reviewed, using a physiology-based approach, focusing on the effects of magnesium on total peripheral resistance and cardiac output.

TL;DR: There are currently good and simple alternatives to the bedside Schwartz equation, but the more complex equations combining serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, and height show the highest accuracy and precision.

TL;DR: Treatment of SFs with type I RTA type I should receive alkali therapy, preferentially in the form of K-citrate delivered judiciously to treat the chronic acid retention that drives both stone formation and bone disease.

TL;DR: This review summarized the studies performed in Asia on validating or establishing new Asian ethnicity GFR estimating equations and focused the review of the performance of GFR estimation by comparisons with the GFR estimations obtained from the CKD-EPI equations.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of laboratory challenges in the assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is presented, where the authors suggest those wanting to implement mGFR testing examine site-specific institutional resources along with patient population and proceed with the approaches best suited for their clinical needs and laboratory resources available.

TL;DR: The definition of RKF and methods for measurement and estimation ofRKF are discussed, highlighting the unique aspects of dialysis that impact these assessments.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests that magnesium transport is highly regulated, although a specific hormonal regulator of extracellular magnesium has yet to be identified.

TL;DR: The evidence from observational and interventional clinical studies that link good glucose control with the primary prevention of diabetic kidney disease with a focus on preventing early glomerular filtration rate loss is reviewed.

TL;DR: The understanding of the underlying tubular transport and extrarenal abnormalities has significantly improved since the first recognition of RTA as a clinical entity because of significant advances in clinical acid-base chemistry, whole tubule and single-cell H+/base transport, and the molecular characterization of the various transporters and channels that are functionally affected in patients with RTA.

TL;DR: Examination of the current literature and data addressing GFR measurements by dried capillary blood spots and its potential application in high-risk groups finds it to be of concern in populations at high risk for kidney disease.

TL;DR: Data from pilot interventional studies in the clinic suggest that oral Mg supplementation reduces VC in patients with CKD, and the present review provides an overview of the current understanding of the impact of Mg on the development of VC.

TL;DR: Magnesium supplementation improves MetS by reducing blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia and changes in the components of MetS were significantly higher in the magnesium than placebo groups.

TL;DR: Kinetic GFR is an easy-to-use, low-cost tool that should be more widely incorporated into medical practice and has been validated in at least 3 independent studies.

TL;DR: In contrast to distal type I or classic renal tubular acidosis (RTA) that is associated with hypokalemia, hyperkalemic forms of RTA also occur usually in the setting of mild-to-moderate CKD and are frequently encountered in adults with underlying CKD.