Showing papers in "American Behavioral Scientist in 2018"
TL;DR: In this article, a common pattern and set of dynamics characterizes severe political and societal polarization in different contexts around the world, with pernicious consequences for democ..., and
Abstract: This article argues that a common pattern and set of dynamics characterizes severe political and societal polarization in different contexts around the world, with pernicious consequences for democ...
306 citations
TL;DR: Although research has demonstrated a grey divide where older adults are less involved and skilled with digital media than younger adults, by treating them as a homogenous group, it has overlooked d... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Although research has demonstrated a grey divide where older adults are less involved and skilled with digital media than younger adults, by treating them as a homogenous group, it has overlooked d...
119 citations
TL;DR: This work identifies and characterize “mixed methods–case study designs” as mixed methods studies with a nested case study and “case study–m mixed methods designs’ as case studies with nested mixed methods.
Abstract: Case study has a tradition of collecting multiple forms of data—qualitative and quantitative—to gain a more complete understanding of the case. Case study integrates well with mixed methods, which ...
97 citations
TL;DR: This work describes similarities between the two approaches, discusses advantages of applying mixed methods in action research, and illustrates applications using a methodological framework that captures their synergistic combination.
Abstract: Mixed methods research has the capacity to intersect with other approaches, such as action research, by adding a solid methodological foundation and creating an integrated approach for addressing c...
93 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present tools for understanding the dynamics of polarization in political debates, and the tools necessary for it are presented. But they still lack the tools to analyze the underlying dynamics of political polarization.
Abstract: With recent political developments sparking sharp divisions within democracies, an understanding of the dynamics of polarization is ever more necessary. Yet we still lack the tools necessary for it...
70 citations
TL;DR: The authors proposed that media organizations should no longer publish the names or photos of mass shooters (except during ongoing searches for escaped suspects), but report everything else about these crimes in as much detail as desired.
Abstract: Prior research has shown that many mass shooters have explicitly admitted they want fame and have directly reached out to media organizations to get it. These fame-seeking offenders are particularly dangerous because they kill and wound significantly more victims than other active shooters, they often compete for attention by attempting to maximize victim fatalities, and they can inspire contagion and copycat effects. However, if the media changes how they cover mass shooters, they may be able to deny many offenders the attention they seek and deter some future perpetrators from attacking. We propose that media organizations should no longer publish the names or photos of mass shooters (except during ongoing searches for escaped suspects), but report everything else about these crimes in as much detail as desired. In this article, we (1) review the consequences of media coverage of mass shooters, (2) outline our proposal, (3) show that its implementation is realistic and has precedent, (4) discuss anticip...
70 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors build on the privacy calculus model to revisit the privacy paradox on social media and compare two-wave panel data sets from Hong Kong and a cross-sectional data set from the United States.
Abstract: This study builds on the privacy calculus model to revisit the privacy paradox on social media. A two-wave panel data set from Hong Kong and a cross-sectional data set from the United States are us...
63 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the complex relationship and causal direction between democracy and polarization and concludes that as political and societal polarization deepens, democracies are under stress around the world, and proposes a solution to this problem.
Abstract: As political and societal polarization deepens, democracies are under stress around the world. This article examines the complex relationship and causal direction between democracy and polarization...
53 citations
TL;DR: Examination of in-depth interviews with older adults living in East York, Toronto finds that some privacy concerns are shared by older adults across several categories, the most common being spam, unauthorized access to personal information, and information misuse.
Abstract: There is a growing literature on teenage and young adult users’ attitudes toward and concerns about online privacy, yet little is known about older adults and their unique experiences. As older adu...
44 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored the relationship between social class and social media use and drew on the work of Pierre Bourdieu in examining class in terms of social, economic, and cultural capital, concluding that forms of digital media use are in correspondence with other social, cultural, and economic aspects of social class status and contemporary social systems of distinction.
Abstract: Background:This article explores the relationship between social class and social media use and draws on the work of Pierre Bourdieu in examining class in terms of social, economic, and cultural capital. The article starts from a prior finding that those who predominantly only use social media formed a higher proportion of Internet users from lower socioeconomic groups. Data: The article draws on data from two nationally representative U.K. surveys, the OfCom (Office of Communications) Media Literacy Survey (n ≈ 1,800 per annum) and the Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport’s Taking Part Survey (n ≈ 10,000 per annum). Methods: Following Yates, Kirby, and Lockley, five types of Internet behavior and eight types of Internet user are identified utilizing principal components analysis and k-means clustering. These Internet user types are then examined against measures of social, economic, and cultural capital. Data on forms of cultural consumption and digital media use are examined using multiple correspondence analysis. Findings: The article concludes that forms of digital media use are in correspondence with other social, cultural, and economic aspects of social class status and contemporary social systems of distinction.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss contagion and copycat behavior among mass killers when there are multiple attacks within a short span of time, however, proximity in time does not necessarily mean...
Abstract: Contagion and copycat behavior among mass killers is often discussed in the media when there are multiple attacks within a short span of time. Proximity in time, however, does not necessarily mean ...
TL;DR: A new model of digital rehabilitation, considering both the online and the offline realms is developed, which fills a gap in the literature and allows for a more complete understanding of the problems that parolees encounter on release from prison.
Abstract: Despite societal dependence on digital technologies and the Internet across the developed world, current prisoner rehabilitation, reentry models, and practices across most U.S. state correctional systems only target offline realms and issues while disregarding the digital realm. By integrating existing models of rehabilitation and reentry with recently developed and refined digital divide theories, this article develops a new model of digital rehabilitation, considering both the online and the offline realms. The proposed model fills a gap in the literature and allows for a more complete understanding of the problems that parolees encounter on release from prison. By conceptualizing corresponding fields and resources across three realms—prison, reentry, and digital—the digital rehabilitation and reentry model enables systematic research into the extent to which the digital realm can assist in a more successful reentry process.
TL;DR: For example, the authors argues that if we wish to see our STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) broadening participation efforts affect change, we must also critically reflect upon and broaden our scientific approa...
Abstract: If we wish to see our STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) broadening participation efforts affect change, we must also critically reflect upon and broaden our scientific approa...
TL;DR: The authors describe writing as an ideological act of resistance and recognition among members of the socially disenfranchised, which has been engaged with in myriad contested political and cultural terrains over the last century.
Abstract: Writing as an ideological act of resistance and recognition among members of the socially disenfranchised has been engaged with in myriad contested political and cultural terrains. Historically, fo...
TL;DR: This article carried out a theoretical analysis of the relationship between democracy and polarization and used examples from a variety of premodern and modern societies to argue that differenc is different in different societies.
Abstract: This article carries out a theoretical analysis of the relationship between democracy and polarization It utilizes examples from a variety of premodern and modern societies to argue that differenc
TL;DR: This special issue takes a fresh look at the various aspects of the messy gridlock of privacy practices from the user and the producer from different angles.
Abstract: Drawing on diverse theoretical and methodological approaches, this special issue takes a fresh look at the various aspects of the messy gridlock of privacy practices from the user and the producer ...
TL;DR: For many years, the conventional wisdom was that most acts of aggression and violence stem from insecurities and low self-esteem as discussed by the authors, and the possibility that some mass shooters have low selfesteem, low s...
Abstract: For many years, the conventional wisdom was that most acts of aggression and violence stem from insecurities and low self-esteem. The possibility that some mass shooters have low self-esteem, low s...
TL;DR: In this article, information and communication technology (ICT) use can mitigate the negative impact of various age-related threats, such as isolation and loneliness, by facilitating connection with social ties and...
Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) use can mitigate the negative impact of various age-related threats, such as isolation and loneliness, by facilitating connection with social ties and...
TL;DR: It is argued that the status of privacy, or lack of it, is a product of these interactions, of which the personal data practices and related interests constitute the reproduction of a data ecosystem.
Abstract: This study presents a conceptual model of understanding algorithmic digital surveillance systems, borrowing insight from Giddens, who proposed the notion of structuration as social practices derivi...
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper conducted a comparative study of political unfriending conducted in Asia, which analyzes survey data from two Chinese societies, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and found that political interest, political discussion network size, and political discussion with distant others all predict the likelihood of engaging in selective avoidance on social media.
Abstract: One of the democratic promises of social media relies on the expectation that citizens will be exposed to more diverse sources of information and will consequently be more likely to encounter views that challenge their beliefs and opinions. Still, recent evidence suggests that although social media may increase exposure to difference, citizen also take active steps to reduce the dissonance they encounter by engaging in selective avoidance tactics such as political unfriending and unfollowing. We report the findings from the first comparative study of political unfriending conducted in Asia, which analyzes survey data from two Chinese societies, Hong Kong and Taiwan. We find that political interest, political discussion network size, and political discussion with distant others all predict the likelihood of engaging in selective avoidance on social media. The results also suggest that political interest is a stronger predictor of unfriending in Hong Kong, while social and psychological factors play a more ...
TL;DR: Can political polarization have positive effects on institution-building and democratization in the long run? as discussed by the authors argues that political polarization, typically viewed as detrimental for political development, can actually have a positive effect.
Abstract: Can political polarization, typically viewed as detrimental for political development, have positive effects on institution-building and democratization in the long run? This article argues that th...
TL;DR: In this paper, the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity in science and engineering is examined and how they work together to affect career outcomes, but not much is known regarding how they interact.
Abstract: While research increasingly examines the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity in science and engineering, not much is known regarding how they work together to affect career outcomes. This art...
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative analysis of measures of family social bonds and family social capital using nationally representative data on youth (N = 6,432) was conducted to examine the effects of social bonds on criminal behavior.
Abstract: There is a long history in criminology of examining the effects of social bonds on criminal behavior. A similar conceptual framework that developed in sociology is social capital theory. Studies using these models have addressed the effects of parent–child relationships on adolescent behavior. However, social bond theory tends to predominate as an explanation of juvenile delinquency. We developed a comparative analysis of measures of family social bonds and family social capital using nationally representative data on youth (N = 6,432). Measurement models suggested that family social capital is a more parsimonious latent construct than family social bonds. Moreover, it is a more efficient predictor of delinquent behavior. Thus, we encourage criminologists to adopt family social capital as a promising concept and empirical variable in their quest to understand delinquent behavior.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to use two countries (the United States and Germany) as comparison sites for comparative studies on philanthropic foundations, in order to advance the comparative understanding.
Abstract: Comparative studies on philanthropic foundations are still in their infancy. To advance the comparative understanding, the article proposes to use two countries—the United States and Germany—as com...
TL;DR: In this article, the parent-child dynamics regarding family digital access and use were examined. But little attention was paid to the relationship between parents and children in the digital divide. But, as the Internet penetration in the United States increases, many digital divide researchers have delved into the parent
Abstract: As the Internet penetration in the United States increases, many digital divide researchers have delved into the parent–child dynamics regarding family digital access and use. However, little atten...
TL;DR: The authors examined U.S. newspaper photographic coverage following three major school shootings and found that on a photos-per-individual basis, the coverage gave more attention to perpetrators than to individual deceased victims by a rat.
Abstract: Given the intense news coverage that mass shootings receive and recent findings on contagion effects, it is important to examine how news media organizations cover these crimes. While reporting the “who” of news is a standard journalistic practice, there is growing debate regarding the extent to which the perpetrators of mass shootings should be named, pictured, and discussed in news media coverage. Within the theoretical framework of agenda-setting, this study examined U.S. newspaper photographic coverage following three major school shootings. Through content analysis of 4,934 photographs from 9 days of newspaper coverage, this study made several key findings about the overall prominence of photo use, changes in photo use during the 3 days following mass shootings, and comparisons between photos of perpetrators and victims. In particular, the study found empirical evidence that on a photos-per-individual basis, the coverage gave more attention to perpetrators than to individual deceased victims by a rat...
TL;DR: The United States offers a challenging case for the comparative study of philanthropic foundations as discussed by the authors, where the number of foundations in the US is either 80,000 or 130,000.
Abstract: The United States offers a challenging case for the comparative study of philanthropic foundations. Depending on definition, foundation numbers total 80,000 or 130,000. They hold comparatively larg...
TL;DR: The comprehensive and systematic study of collective action organizations (AOs) requires a new methodological approach that takes into account the rise of online sources as well as the new ways in which they are used as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The comprehensive and systematic study of collective action organizations (AOs) requires a new methodological approach that takes into account the rise of online sources as well as the new ways in ...
TL;DR: One of the most important developments within the American electorate in recent years has been the rise of affective polarization as mentioned in this paper, whether this is due to notions of group-based conflict or ideologi...
Abstract: One of the most important developments within the American electorate in recent years has been the rise of affective polarization. Whether this is due to notions of group-based conflict or ideologi...
TL;DR: In this article, the role of social networks in the consumption of news has become increasingly important in recent years, in which the "old" and "new" media coexist.
Abstract: Within the current hybrid media system, in which the “old” and “new” media coexist, the role of social networks in the consumption of news has become increasingly important in recent years. Previou...