Showing papers in "Animal Behaviour in 1976"

TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical analysis is made of the evolution of behavioral strategies in contest situations, and it is concluded that in asymmetric contests the ESS is likely to be a "mixed" strategy; that is, either the population will be genetically polymorphic or individuals will be behaviourally variable.

TL;DR: Tentative support is provided for the idea that anti-predator behaviour and aggression towards conspecifics are linked in this species of sticklebacks.

TL;DR: In this paper, female baboons were studied over a 15-month period which included sexual cycling, pregnancy, and lactation, and it was found that high-ranking females were more attractive than others.

TL;DR: Vocalizations were the main methods of intragroup communication whilst piloerection displays were directed towards members of other groups and also to unfamiliar objects.

TL;DR: By postulating the 'instinctive activity' concept Lorenz hoped to dislodge the study of 'innate' behaviour from the vitalistic versus mechanistic dispute, and in a way it was a kind of compromise: the mechanists he satisfied with the rigidity of the motor coordinations and the reflex-like character of its 'innates releasing mechanism'.

TL;DR: A second component of the male courtship song ‘sine song’ is described, together with experiments which investigate the sensory basis of the effect male Courtship song has on males.

TL;DR: Drosophila melanogaster females were subjected to pulse song before being allowed to mix with males, suggesting that sine song is summated and has a priming effect on female receptivity whereas pulse song functions as a species recognition signal in a trigger-like fashion.

TL;DR: Mongooses can discriminate between the anal pocket contents of conspecifics and also between synthetic odours made from pure acids.

TL;DR: A simple model describing these systems functionally in terms of the adaptive behavioural strategies for resource exploitation, predation avoidance and mating and rearing of young to maturity shown by the individuals that comprise them is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, some evidence on the motivational relationship between aggressive behaviour towards conspecifics, predators and potential prey is discussed, which does not support the suggesstion that these always depend on distict internal factors.

TL;DR: Object-permanence was studied with one chimpanzee and two New World monkeys and an experimental scheme is proposed that could allow for a more valid comparison among species.

TL;DR: It is concluded that shortly after ovulation the female goldfish releases a pheromone from the ovary which attracts the male and elicits the persistent courtship that accompanies spawning.

TL;DR: It is suggested that in the absence of sufficient positive stimulation to enable the male to complete his sexual sequence, breathing occurs by competition with sexual behaviour, and when the male has sufficient stimulation the temporal patterning of his behaviour becomes more under his control and breathe occurs by disinhibition.

TL;DR: H Hierarchically organized colonies of five male Mus musculus of strain LACA/CFW were transferred to complex arenas of 1·3, 2·6, 3·8 or 5·2 m 2; changes in dominance occurred in eight out of thirteen of the colonies; the dominant mouse occupied the majority of the floor area, but some subordinates formed small territories.

TL;DR: An ethogram of Zacryptocerus varians shows the demonstration that the major worker is more specialized as a defensive caste than is the case in certain species of Camponotus and Pheidole.

TL;DR: Wild reed warblers use several techniques to capture their insect prey (mainly Diptera), but rapid learning of prey handling ability is restricted to a sensitive period early in development, before structural maturation of the bill is completed.

TL;DR: The behaviour of this population of Columbian ground squirrels was similar to that observed in other populations of the same and other sciurids, but most differences cannot be explained without ecological investigation of the other populations.

TL;DR: In this article, twelve groups were observed, each consisting of three gold morphs and three normals paired by weight, and the results showed that gold dominance is best assessed by an index: (attacks) ļo (yields + attacks); contesting (threat) is actually misleading.

TL;DR: It is suggested that predator-attraction enables animals to collect information about a potential enemy; in this information the experience of conspecifics with the predator is taken into account; subsequent behaviour of the animals depends partly on this information.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model of alternating choice "slots" and determined slots is presented for grooming sequences in blowflies, where grooming acts fall into discrete bouts, each involving either the prothoracic legs or the metathoracal legs, but not both.

TL;DR: Hatchlings from the natural nesting groung at Tortuguero, Costa Rica and eggs that had hatched in a beach on Bermuda were tracked individually after their departure from these beaches, and non-random departure courses were maintained even when swimming hatchlings and moved over the horizon from all fixed objects on the shore.

TL;DR: Dominance behaviour and factors influencing dominance were investigated in small heterosexual and homosexual groups of guppies ( Poecilia reticulata) in the laboratory and females were the more dominant sex.

TL;DR: Crickets appear to rely less upon olfactory communication than do their non-acoustical relatives, but males and females of house and field crickets can determine sex by odour, and males can distinguish odours of conspecific and heterospecific females.

TL;DR: The preferences of eight, adult, hand-reared great tits for feeding on four different types of feeding sites have been tested and the preferences for the different objects were correlated with the birds' individual feeding efficiencies on the objects.

TL;DR: Lab-reared 37-day-old white leghorn chicks were placed individually in an arena with one of a range of eight three-dimensional stimuli, and each bird appeared to either persistently look at (track) or look away from (avoid) the chick.

TL;DR: Two experiments used a diallelic design using C57BL/6, DBA/2 and BALB/c strains and showed that heterosis per se is not an adequate explanation of the superior retention of the B6D2F1 genotype, while Experiment 2 showed that neonatal injections of 100 mug TP to B 6D 2F1 male mice did not result in better retention ofThe ejaculatory reflex after castration in adulthood.

TL;DR: An estimated 5 to 10 percent of musk ox bulls in north-central Banks Island were killed during the 1973 rut as discussed by the authors, and the wounds were described and the probable manners of infliction discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that dominant and submissive rams mounted and ejaculated less when viewed by two dominant rams than when tested alone, and theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed.

TL;DR: Artificial feeding of rhesus monkeys in India results in significant increases in aggressive competition within the monkey groups: during feeding periods the frequencies of aggressive threats, chases, and attacks increased two to six times above those of non-feeding periods in each of eight different groups.