Showing papers in "Biological Control in 1996"

TL;DR: Existing practices for managing microorganisms in the environment provide experience and options for managing the risks of microorganisms applied for pest and disease control, and a scientific framework for this process is provided.

TL;DR: It is indicated that high temperature and thermoregulation can adversely affect B. bassianamycosis of grasshoppers and may explain the poor efficacy of this entomopathogen observed in some field experiments.

TL;DR: The beetle was extremely abundant in western Washington and Oregon throughout 1993–1994, where the species ranged from mideastern Washington, south to just north of the California/Oregon border, east to an elevation of 1371 m in the Cascade Mountains and west to the Pacific Coast.

TL;DR: Augmented releases of D. longicaudatamay be particularly useful in suppressing Caribbean fruit fly populations in areas where more traditional methods such as insecticide-bait sprays and sterile male releases are impractical.

TL;DR: A stochastic simulation model is developed to be able to explain the capability of E. formosato reduce whiteflies in large commercial greenhouses on crops like tomato, to improve introduction schemes of parasitoids for crops where control was difficult, and to predict effects of changes in cropping practices on the reliability of biological control.

TL;DR: Holding bacteria-treated fruits at 20°C for 24 h before cold storage improved the efficacy of the bacteria against gray mold, and the bacterial antagonist mixed with the fungicide at 50 ppm a.i. resulted in a greater control of the pathogen compared to the single ingredient.

TL;DR: Results suggest that nutrient competition may have played a significant role in biocontrol, but the contribution of preemptive physical exclusion and antifungal metabolites to a complex biOControl process cannot be dismissed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that all combinations of natural enemies provided significant levels of whitefly suppression, and suggests that the types of interspecific interactions rather than the numbers of inter specific interactions among natural enemies may be important to the outcome of inundative biological control programs.

TL;DR: Biological control of bunch rot of grape with Trichoderma harzianum can be an effective method of management of this disease.

TL;DR: Results of studies using a mark–recapture methodology for quantifying dispersal parameters for small hymenopteran parasitoids support concerns regarding dispersal of biocontrol agents away from target areas following augmentative releases.

TL;DR: The results of this paper will expedite future genetic, biochemical, and field efficacy studies on H. bacteriophora IS5 and indicate that the heat tolerance trait is genetically based.

TL;DR: Six yeast strains isolated from the surface of pear fruits were evaluated for their ability to control postharvest blue mold on Golden Delicious apple fruits, and Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus strain YY6 and C. laurentii strain HRA5 were the most effective.

TL;DR: Biological control of alfalfa seedling diseases by a disease-suppressive strain of Streptomyces was evaluated in vitro, in controlled environments, and in the field to indicate that a potential exists for utilizing Streptomeces to control al falfa Seedling diseases.

TL;DR: The biological control of hydrilla by H. pakistanae may be reduced by the latter's apparent sensitivity to poor plant quality; however, the ability of the larvae to exploit the more nutritious leaves may mitigate these negative effects.

TL;DR: The fluorescent brighteners protected insect viruses from UV inactivation and enhanced residual activity of active virus.

TL;DR: Three chimeric genes that encode secretable polypeptides with neurotoxic activity in insects were inserted into a nonessential site in the genome of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus under the control of an enhanced polyhedrin promoter and produced toxins in insect cells infected with recombinant viruses.

TL;DR: Verticillium lecanii is an effective candidate for biological control of S. fuliginea and if applied to a partially resistant cucumber cultivar, it is as good as a fungicide treatment.

TL;DR: Quantifying the rate of dispersal of target insects when infected with a disease agent will aid the development of biorational pest control programs.

TL;DR: No correlation existed between in vitro antibiosis and ability to suppress scab on seedlings; however, one isolate that was identified as an isolate of Pseudomonas syringae prevented conidial germination and effectively suppressed scab to a level comparable to the fungicide captan.

TL;DR: The coccinellidColeomegilla maculata(DeGeer) was the most abundant predator but its abundance varied independently of prey abundance, and 13 insect genera, at least three spider families, one phalangid, and one mite species were found to prey on the Colorado potato beetle.

TL;DR: It is believed that biological control research should play a foundational role in any future Medfly management programs in California and should involve life history studies of Medfly and its natural enemies in their area of endemicity in sub-Saharan, southeast Africa.

TL;DR: It is suggested that polyphagy and high dispersal ability are the main characteristics of effective natural enemies of naturally occurring mobile pests.

TL;DR: Ground cover had little effect on the density or type of arthropods present in the pecan canopy, except that densities of Chrysoperla rufilabris were greater during July from pecans with a legume ground cover than from those with a grass ground cover.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the view that interspecific host discrimination in parasitoids is less common than conspecific host discrimination and provide some support for the hypothesis that brood sex ratio and competitive ability are inversely related in guilds of quasi-gregarious egg parasitoid species.

TL;DR: Developmental and reproductive rates of Adonia variegataGoeze,Coccinella novemnotataHerbst,C.

TL;DR: A series of recombinants of the baculovirus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus expressed tox34 with different signal sequences or were controlled by different promoters to evaluate their influence on toxin expression in cell culture and in insects showed no improvement in the time required for paralysis of insect hosts.

TL;DR: Behaviors of Eretmocerus sp.

TL;DR: The preassay preconditioning on the cultivar TN1 did not produce a predator bias for this genotype, suggesting that rearing effects or chemically mediated associative learning reported for some natural enemies did not influence C. lividipennis’hostresponse.

TL;DR: Beauveria bassiana was used concurrently with sawdust bedding to manage the house fly in calf hutches on New York dairy farms and a second mycosis caused by Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius developed to an epizootic in untreated and treated fly populations.