Showing papers in "Biological Wastes in 1987"

TL;DR: A review of the available information concerning the use of town refuse compost as a potential fertilizer can be found in this paper, where a wide range of results have been obtained from different studies performed to evaluate the efficiency of composting as a source of phosphorus, sulphur, calcium and magnesium for plants.

TL;DR: In this paper, single and two-phase anaerobic digestion of vegetable solid wastes were compared at laboratory scale, and mesophilic and thermophilic liquefaction and acidogenesis were shown to be maximal when the pH was maintained at approximately 6·5 in the reactor.

TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of the upflow granular sludge blanket (UASB) process for one-stage anaerobic treatment of unsettled slaughterhouse wastewater, which contains approximately 50% insoluble coarse suspended COD.

TL;DR: The value of T90 was significantly correlated to species of bacteria and temperature during digestion, but in general it was not influenced by the type of slurry, the reactor process, the amount of gas produced during fermentation, the slurry dry-matter contents, the concentration of NNH3 and pH in theSlurry.

TL;DR: In this article, a deliberate heat removal strategy based on temperature and oxygen consumption feedback control during the thermophilic stage was applied to composting mixtures (32% sewage sludges, 8% flotation foams and 60% poplar sawdust) in an insulated and unheated reactor using a water jacket as a thermal exchanger.

TL;DR: The oyster mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer, was cultivated on a number of agro-residues and their mixtures as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the factors affecting the extraction of pectin from orange peel and obtained the optimum conditions for the extraction such that the pectins produced was a compromise between maximum yield and minimum of degradation and hydrolysis.

TL;DR: In this article, Parthenium was mixed with cattle manure at a 10% level and allowed to digest anaerobically at room temperature (30±1°C) in 3-litre batch digesters.

TL;DR: There was an almost twofold increase in biogas and methane production with plant residues, highest in lantana supplementation, as compared to cattle dung.

TL;DR: In this paper, commercial charcoal was used to stimulate biogas production in batch fermenters and the commercial charcoal which was found to be most efficient was tried in a semi-continuous anaerobic digester.

TL;DR: In this paper, the economics of mushroom cultivation have been analyzed for their protein content, carbohydrate, ash percentage, fat content, crude fibre and mineral contents, and the yield was comparable with the yield obtained from paddy straw.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mixed population of rumen microorganisms was used for anaerobic digestion of organic waste materials, and the results showed that the degradation efficiencies obtained for most waste materials were in the range of 60-70%.

TL;DR: It is proved that addition of calcium chloride can reverse lauric acid inhibition of methanogenesis, provided the addition is applied within several minutes after the inhibitory l Lauric acid concentration has entered the methanogenic environment.

TL;DR: Current knowledge on T 90 values for bacterial pathogens and indicators in differently treated slurry may be used in practical situations, in order to specify advisable holding times for batch storage of slurry to assess adequate decontamination, or to monitor, by the indicator principle, the decontaminating effect of various slurry treatments.

TL;DR: In this paper, a variety of coagulants were tested to assess their ability to destabilise the POME suspension and to flocculate the particulate matter, and conditions that would allow for optimal use of the respective chemicals were noted.

TL;DR: In this article, a tomato plant growth experiment revealed that only TSFM behaved as the peat moss control, reflected in low electrical conductivity values, were also evident from negligible ammonia levels at thermophilic temperatures and subsequent minimal nitrate concentrations at the end of the composting period.

TL;DR: The ability of Australian native water plants to treat piggery effluent was investigated at a 500-sow piggery as discussed by the authors, where a field experimental treatment system comprising two 20-m trenches, trapezoidal in shape, lined with black plastic and planted with Typha domingensis and Schoenoplectus validus was established.

TL;DR: Anaerobic fluidized bed reactors were used to reduce the COD of low-strength food industry wastewaters as mentioned in this paper, achieving solvent organic removal efficiencies of 75%, 80% and 50% for hog slaughterhouse, dairy and brewery wastewater, respectively, at 35°C and 8 h hydraulic retention time.

TL;DR: Water samples for nitrate testing were collected from over 200 wells in Kent and Sussex counties in Delaware over an 18-month period in areas with different agricultural land use as mentioned in this paper. But potato growing is not causing high nitrate concentrations in the water table aquifer because of the heavier soils that are not as susceptible to nitrite leaching.

TL;DR: In this paper, five cellulolytic non-toxic fungi were screened for ability to improve the nutritive value of paddy straw by solid substrate fermentation, and the effects of various physical parameters (moisture, temperature, incubation period, nitrogen source and level on the fermentation of Paddy straw were studied.

TL;DR: In this article, a compost pile was constructed of agricultural and forest residues, and urea was added to adjust the carbon/nitrogen ratio, and changes in pH, temperature, moisture and aeration were followed weekly for 200 days, in which maturity of the pile was completed and related to changes in the numbers of bacteria and fungi.

TL;DR: In this paper, an 8-dm3 aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to treat diluted or anaerobically digested piggery wastewaters, and suspended solids removal was better than 80%.

TL;DR: Tyrosine and l -dopa were anaerobically degraded to CH4; however, only tyrosine was degradable after prolonged operation of continuously VFA-fed, granular sludge, packed columns.

TL;DR: Two Basidiomycete isolates, Polyporus BH1 and P.BW1, were studied for cellulase and ligninase activities in the degradation of bagasse in solid-state fermentation and acetone treatment of the fermented residue before drying helped in retention of both the enzyme activities.

TL;DR: In this paper, wheat straw was used as substrate for the production of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju and the spent straw left after harvesting was evaluated as feed for lambs.

TL;DR: In this paper, the growth of twenty-four strains of white rot fungi on wheat straw and on mixtures of wheat straw, pressed coffee pulp and pressed straw-pulp were studied.

TL;DR: In this paper, sugarcane trash, chopped to 1-2 cm size, was incubated alone and with urea N at 0, 75 and 150 kg ha −1 for 120 days after incorporation in four types of soil at their 60% water-holding capacity and 27±1°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, the reduction of pollution strength in palm oil mill effluent (POME) using five inorganic salts and nine polymers was investigated, and treatment of POME with 80-100 mg litre −1 of Magnafloc LT22 polymer aided in coagulation and flocculation of Total Suspended Solids, producing 96, 63, 53, and 93-94% reduction in the turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total Solids (TS), and Total Suspending Solids(TSS) respectively, respectively.

TL;DR: A full-scale, completely-mixed digester, with a liquid capacity of 587 m 3, was constructed to process the manure from 70 000 caged layers as mentioned in this paper.