Showing papers in "Biological Wastes in 1989"

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of insufficiently-matured compost on the soil-plant system are studied, and the criteria and methods proposed for the determination of compost maturity are described.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified energy consumption for size reduction of hardwoods and agricultural wastes as a function of final particle size and ratio of comminution, and found that energy input for comminutions, in a multiple feedstock process plant, can be kept below 30 kWh per tonne of wastes, provided final particle sizes is held in the range 3-6 mm.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effect of inoculum/substrate ration on methane yield and production rate in small-batch fermentors and found that the ultimate methane yield was drastically lower at inoculum and substrate ratios below 0·25.

TL;DR: In this article, the uptake of iron and copper by duckweed (Lemna minor L.) and water velvet (Azolla pinnata R.Br) was investigated in solutions enriched with 1 ·0, 2·0, 4·0 and 8·0 ppm of these two metal ions which were renewed every 2 days over a 14-day test period.

TL;DR: It was concluded that changes in amino acid availability due to processing may have great nutritional importance, especially when the limiting amino acid in the protein in question, being the significant dietary source, may be limiting in the diet as a whole.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and total ammonia (NH4+ + NH3) concentrations was studied to determine the pH of manure slurries from dairy cattle, swine, poultry and beef cattle operations.

TL;DR: In this paper, tannins were polymerized by autoxidation to colored compounds in order to investigate the role of tannin MW on methanogenic toxicity, and the toxicity increased as it was polymerized to oligomeric tANNins and decreased as the oligomers were converted to non-toxic high-MW tinnins.

TL;DR: Testing the ability of three species to exhaust inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate and to produce biomasses from anaerobically digested swine manure obtained from a 5-m 3 farm digester shows that biomass production was good and the best candidate for batch treatment would appear to be Chlorella sp.

TL;DR: In this paper, two-phase anaerobic digestion of a mixture of fruit and vegetable solid wastes was studied at laboratory scale, using digesters operated in the mesophilic range.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of chopped wheat residue and unchopped crop residues of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in corn ( Zea mays L.) rotations on grain yield and soil properties were investigated in 27 field experiments during 9 years.

TL;DR: In this article, an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor process was used to treat cheese whey effectively, achieving over 97% chemical oxygen demand reduction with a constant hydraulic retention time of 5 days.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential use of the organic wastes, poultry manure (PM), compost (CM), sawdust (SD), brewers' spent grains (BG), rice ( Oryza sativa ) shavings (RS), gmelina ( Gmelina arborea ) leaves (ML), and cashew ( Anarcadium occidentale) leaves (CL), to improve the structure and water retention properties of an ultisol was evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a general formula for the prediction of the growth rate and control of deposition of struvite crystals in the shaft section of floating aerators in the aerated anaerobic lagoon (AAL) in the Ponggol Pigwaste Plant (PPP) was developed from experimental data.

TL;DR: In this article, a study on the long chain volatile fatty acid (VFA) relationships in anaerobic digestion of swine waste using CST reactors proposed using iso-butyric and iso-valeric acid levels as indicators of impending digester failure.

TL;DR: Addition of inorganic nitrate to senescent cultures markedly improved the health condition of cyanobacteria cultures and Stirring bars did not appear to be a suitable system to agitate filamentous cyanobacterial cultures.

TL;DR: Anaerobic digestion of dairy cattle manure slurries was performed at different total ammonia concentrations, c. 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 m m as mentioned in this paper, and the relative rates of utilization of acetate, propionate and glucose were monitored.

TL;DR: It is indicated that the initial products of the oxidation of monomers are toxic whereas highly polymerized products are non-toxic.

TL;DR: The urban refuse composts did not substantially affect the soil microbial population and had a short-term, slightly-positive, effect over nitrite oxidizers, but Composting with CaCO3 seemed to notably improve the nitrite oxidation population of the soil.

TL;DR: In this paper, the changes of phytotoxicity of olive tree leaves during the composting process in piles and correlate them with changes of organic acid concentration were investigated. And the results indicated that the phytoxity consists of organic acids different from the control acids tested and/or other organic compounds.

TL;DR: Larvae of two species were found to have potential as protein sources: the green hover fly Ornidia obesa and the soldier fly Hermetia illucens, which can withstand temperatures between 22·5°C and 35°C, and the latter species even temperatures as high as 40°C.

TL;DR: In this article, the removal of cadmium, copper and lead ions from aqueous solutions by melon seed husks was examined by equilibrium and dynamic sorption studies at 29°C.

TL;DR: In this article, the possibility of using activated sludge as animal feed is discussed and the factors maximizing the nutritional value of the sludges are also discussed, a few problems associated with the use of some activated sludged as a feed supplement are mentioned but these problems can be solved on the basis of p present technology.

TL;DR: In this article, two covers were placed on two anaerobic lagoons to study biogas production in poultry and swine lagoon, respectively, and the results showed that the poultry lagoon had a mean volumetric biOGas production rate of 0·07 and 0·05 m3/m3-day, respectively.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of incorporating mature cattle-feedlot manure on some physical properties of soil were studied in the laboratory using three soils (a sandy loam from Lamporecchio, a clay from Vicarello and a sandy clay from Cremona) and different manure additions (2, 4, 6 and 10%).

TL;DR: Investigation of the treatment of palm oil mill effluent using the fungus Trichoderma viride to reduce its wastewater strength, and to recover the microbial mass found more than 95% reductin in Chemical Oxygen Demand of the POME was achieved.

TL;DR: In this article, three parallel laboratory reactors, R1, R2 and R3, were packed with active granular sludge from a large scale pilot reactor treating the same wastewater, and the granules in R1 and R2 disintegrated to a flocculant sludge at 1·5−3 g liter−1.

TL;DR: In this paper, the sorption behavior of cadmium and copper ions on maize cob meal modified by the incorporation of thiol groups was examined at 29°C and the results showed that the removal of the metal ions from solution by the thiolated material was markedly higher than the removal by the unmodified meal and Cd(II) ions were sorbed to a greater extent than Cu.

TL;DR: Both phytoplankton and zooplankon and growth rate of fish were significantly higher in ponds receiving poultry droppings alone and in combination with cow dung, however, cowDung alone failed to increase the pond productivity and hence the growth of fish.

TL;DR: Preliminary studies indicate that the compost mixed in sand and loam may enhance crop production and decrease in cellulose and carbon corresponding with increases in nitrogen, lignin and ash were evident after composting.

TL;DR: The composition of the essential amino acids in the biomass was similar to that of meat and soya meals and appeared well-balanced and appropriate for pigs and poultry feeding.